2018年高考英语一轮复习语法专题动词时态和语态(2)(讲)新人教版必修4

动词时态语态复习（2）

2018年高考命题预测

动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：

要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。

高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。

学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。

今后时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。

2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布

动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。其考点主要包括：

1、考查时态的基本概念。如：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时、将来进行时等。

2、考查各种时态之间的区别。如：一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时与现在进行时；一般过去时和过去完成时等。

3、考查不能用被动语态的几种情况。如：

（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。

（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。

（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。

（4）表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。

4、考查主动形式表被动意义的情况。

（1）当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；

（2）当cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等词带状语修饰语时；（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时；

（4）want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。

（6）在“be +形容词+ to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。

【考点pk】名师考点透析

考点一、一般现在时与现在进行时

1．一般现在时

（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件

例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.

A. takes

B. took

C. will be taken

D. has taken

【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现时的情况，答案应为D。

（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实

例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.

A. was called

B. is called

C. had been called

D. has been called

【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。

2．现在进行时

（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事

例5． I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.

A. will be repaired

B. is repaired

C. is being repaired

D. has been repaired

【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。

例6．Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money.

A. phone

B. will phone

C. were phoning

D. are phoning

【解析】因为我获了奖，所以这段时间老有人给我打电话怎样花这笔钱，答案应是D。

（3）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作

常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。

例7．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.

A. takes off

B. is taking off

C. has taken off

D. took off

主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况

例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and education.

A. were being designed

B. have designed

C. have been designed

D. were designed

【解析】句中的the early说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。

2．过去进行时

（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成

例10—Has Sam finished his homework today?

—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.

A. did

B. has done

C. was doing

D. had done

【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，所以今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作

例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?

—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting

【解析】“我”刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。

一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下：

一般过去时：完成性

过去进行时：未完成

考点三、现成完成时与现在完成进行时

（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作

例13．My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.

A. served

B. is serving

C. had served

D. has served

【解析】此题中的时间状语all his life 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答

案应是D。

例14．My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.

A. appears

B. appeared

C. has appeared

D. is appearing

【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。

考点四、主动表示被动的三种情况

1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。

常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。

2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。

常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。

请同学们看下面一道题：

例16．The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours.

A. was tasted； was sold

B. tasted； was sold

C. was tasted； sold

D. tasted； would sell

【解析】根据所给情景，taste应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。

上题可以变化如下：

3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。

例18．______is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years.

A. It; are held

B. As; take place

C. That; happen

D. As; break out

【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中as引导的定语从句修饰the Olympic ... 整个句子，take place相当于are held，所以答案为B。

【及时训练】

【单项填空】

【2017·天津卷】8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

A. was driving

B. have driven

C. would drive

D. drove

【答案】A

考点：考查动词时态。

【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenlu) did ... 这时一个常用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when did ; had done + when + did 。在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然....。

【2017·江苏卷】27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.

A. was being followed

B. was following

C. had been followed

D. followed

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意“在

匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家

赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。

考点：时态和语态

【2017·江苏卷】31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic background.

A. hasn’t qualified

B. hadn’t qualified

C. doesn’t qualify

D. wasn’t qualifying

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for

sth达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。

考点：考查动词的时态

【2017·北京卷】33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result.

A. will have

B. have

C. had

D. had had

【答案】B

考点：考查时态。

【2017·北京卷】29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.

A. haven’t invented

B. haven’t been invented

C. hadn’t invented

D. hadn’t been invented

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。

考点：考查时态语态。

【2017·北京卷】24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?

—Yes. They are happy with it.

A. Did you call

B. Have you called

C. Will you call

D. Were you calling 【答案】A

试题分析：句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。

考点：考查时态。

【短文改错】

1. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]once I started the car, my mind goes blank.

goes改为went 考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。

2.[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]

When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!

came改为comes 考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。

students后加to 考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。

3.[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies. I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. 删去of 考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。

had→have考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语in the past few years可知这个句子用现在完成时。

高考英语动词时态和语态讲解与专项练习题

动词时态语态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中常考的或较常用的有10种，而且重点测试完成时态。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时；主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理；按照计划安排好了将要发生的动作（一般指时刻表）等。 He usua lly goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有：时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件：if, unless, provided. If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 考点四：在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class. The house is being built these days. The little boy is always making trouble. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。Look out when you are crossing the street. Don't wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二：表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Marry is leaving on Friday. 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： （1）非延续动作：动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。（2）延续性动作：动作和状态的持续。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。

高中英语语法(时态和语态)

高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一．动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态，但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一）一般现在时（do / does） 1．具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有：often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 （二）一般过去时( did ) （1）表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. （2）表示过去习惯性动作。例如： He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. （三）一般将来时( will / shall do) 1）表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如： I shall graduate next year. 2）一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式： *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用，表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如： I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事，具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如： I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事，必定发生的事。例如： The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）少数动词如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。（多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作，句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语）。例如： The meeting begins at seven.

高中英语时态和语态专项练习题

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