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考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：

平遥古城

Pingyao

平遥古城

In banking's shadow

票号的幽灵

A former financial hub now begs for the patronage of tourists

曾经的金融中心，如今向光顾的游客乞食

The town Mao forgot

免遭太祖毒手的小城

ITALIAN cities such as Florence and Venice have long made a mint from the architectural wonders built when they were financial centres. China has been slower to capitalise on the physical remains of past commercial glory in Pingyao, an urban backwater in inland Shanxi province, which was China's banking hub in the 19th century. Today tourists flock to the walled city, with its unusually well-preserved houses built between the 17th and 19th centuries. But restoring its former wealth remains elusive.

像佛罗伦萨、威尼斯这类曾经是金融中心的意大利城市留有大量辉煌的建筑，人们也早就开始利用这些遗迹赚钱。中国的平遥是位于内地省份山西的闭塞小城，19 世纪时曾是全国的金融中心，平遥往日商业辉煌的遗迹之前也开发得相对慢。如今这座城墙高耸，拥有大片保存良好的明清建筑的小城迎来了熙熙攘攘的游客。但要重现往日的富裕，仍是不太可能的。

The most-visited attraction in modern Pingyao is the Rishengchang Draft Bank, which in 1823 became the first in China to issue cheques. The city lay on the path of a lucrative trade route. The bank's manager spied a business opportunity when he saw silver shipments passing each other in opposite direction. He replaced pricey security, wagons and pack animals with a clearing house.

日昇昌票号是如今平遥最吸引人的景点，1823 年，这家票号开出了中国第一张支票。平遥小城坐落在财源滚滚的贸易路线上。票号经理从来来往往运送白银的商队中觉察到了商机。他以这样一间提供结算服务的铺子，取代了代价不菲的镖师，马车，牲畜。

The bank spawned around 50 competitors across Shanxi (nearly half in Pingyao) with hundreds of branches across the empire. At the time Chinese bankers were held in lower esteem than peasants and tradesmen. They tried to keep staff honest by making them pledge their homes and even to surrender their families as slaves if they committed fraud; investors had no control over the banks' daily operations.

在日昇昌的刺激下，山西省内诞生了约50 家类似的票号(半数都在平遥)，数以百计的分庄遍布整个帝国。在那时的中国，票号掌柜的地位比农民商人都低。为了确保伙计的诚信，掌柜会让伙计当掉自己的房子，一旦发现有欺诈行为，会把伙计们的家人卖作佣人;同时票号的出资人无权掌控日常的经营。

But it was not the staff that did for the banks. They collapsed soon after the Qing dynasty's

demise in 1911. The government withdrew its remittance business, currency unification removed the need for the silver trade between cities and competition grew from modern banks.

但最终不是伙计们毁了票号。1911 年清朝灭亡后，票号很快便都倒闭了。政府取缔了票号的汇款业务，白银流通因统一的纸币而失去需求，来自现代化银行的竞争日益激烈。

Pingyao's ensuing poverty proved to be its saviour. Its picturesque grid of traditional imperial houses survived when most elsewhere succumbed to Mao's hatred of the old and his successors' love of the new. Now it has reinvented itself. Around 1.5m people visited Pingyao in 2013, up from around 50,000 in 1997 when UNESCO named it a world heritage site.

而后的穷困反倒拯救了这座小城。当全国上下都屈服于太祖对旧物的憎恨，以及后继者们对新物的狂热的之时，平遥安然躲过了这一切，风景如画，星罗棋盘的旧帝国式建筑群也得以保存。如今平遥又重拾自我。2013 年共有约150 万人来到平遥，当1997 年联合国教科文组织认定其为世界文化遗产时，这个数字只有五万。

Hope that the streets would again be lined with silver are overblown. The benefits of the tourist boom are spread only narrowly. A small, spruced-up central area thrums with visitors enjoying the curved rooftops, traditional fa?ades, red lanterns and, strangely, Mao memorabilia. Beyond the centre, many streets look like slums: roofs slump, walls are crumbling and waste is carried away by a horse rather than sewers. Few can afford to fix up their homes, even with financial support from the government and the California-based Global Heritage Fund, a charity that is helping to preserve some of China's historical sites.

期盼平遥的街巷又一次镶金带银，是过于乐观了。旅游繁荣只是让小范围收益。小小的，打扮整齐的中央区中游客来往，欣赏着建筑的坡顶，古朴的外观，红灯笼，以及一些诡异的太祖纪念品。中央区之外，许多街道看着像贫民窟：屋顶塌陷，墙体摇摇欲坠，污秽甚至不是排进下水道，而是由马匹运出。尽管政府有财政支持，意在保护中国某些历史遗迹，总部位于加利福尼亚的全球文化遗产基金会也有捐助，但也几乎没人有钱来修缮一下自己的家。

To declutter the town, four-fifths of the city's population have been moved outside the city walls since 1997. But the new town's hotels and karaoke halls are often empty. A high-speed rail link that opened in July running from the nearby provincial capital, Taiyuan, to Xi'an (home of the crowd-pulling Terracotta Army) should draw the crowds. But ease of access also means ease of retreat: most sightseers come only for the day. Making money from moving people around China may prove harder than profiting from the movement of silver.

为整理市容，自1997 年起，平遥城五分之四的人口已迁出城外。不过在面貌一新的古城，旅馆与KTV 却经常空空如也。七月开通了从省会太原到西安(兵马俑所在地)的高铁，会为平遥古城带来游客。但人方便过来，也方便出去：观光客们一般就在城里逗留一个白天。从人来人往中赚钱，的确比运输白银更为艰难啊。

凯程教育：

凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。

凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；

凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；

信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；

使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；

激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；

敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；

服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。

如何选择考研辅导班：

在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。

师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

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