Unit 4 Don't eat in class.语法、练习题及答案

Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.

一、祈使句

祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句

（1）动词原形+其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

（2）Be + n./adj.

Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!

Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心！

（3）Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分

Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句

（1）Don't + 动词原形

Don't stand up. 别站起来。

Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。

Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。

Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。

No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!

3. 祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。

例如：Do shut up! 快住口！

4. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。

在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：

（1）形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)

（2）意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。

在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。

如：--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。

---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。

5. 祈使句的反意疑问句

（1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？

（2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？

（3）以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？

<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.

如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？

二、辨析have to与must

must 作为情态动词, 则表示“必须”“务必”,它侧重于主观上的必要性。否定形式为mustn’t, 意为“不准，不许”。如：You must come tomorrow. 你明天必须来。

1. 表"必须"，"应该"，"务必" must not(mustn't)表"禁止"，"不许"，"不准"，"不可以"。

Everyone must attend the lecture. The work must be finished as soon as possible.

You mustn't lend it to others.

注：对must问句的回答。

-Must I go there now?

-Yes, you must. / No ,you ①needn't. ②need not ③don't have(got) to ④don't need to.

2. must表推测"一定"，"必定"，一般只用于肯定句，亦即用于疑问句和否定不表揣测。

（1）对现在。He must be at home now. You must be hungry after the long walk.

The Chinese language must have the largest number of speakers.

（2）对进行时。 He must be sleeping now(at that time).

3. must表不可避免的倾向。 All men must die.

4. must 表"偏偏"，"不巧" My car must break down. 我的车偏偏坏了。

have to 作为情态动词，意思是"必须、不得不"，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。

1. 结构：主语＋have to＋动词原形（主语是第三人称单数时，用has to）

1) You have to wear （wear）sports shoes for gym class.

2) Tony has to （have to）play the guitar every afternoon.

2. 否定形式：主语＋don't/doesn’t have to do sth.

常翻译成“没必要做某事，不必...”。如：

Nick doesn’t have to wear a uniform.

尼克不必穿制服。

3. 一般疑问句：Do （Does）＋主语＋have to ＋动词原形＋其他

Do you have to stay at home on weekends?

周末你必须呆在家里吗？

have to 与must的区别

(1) must表说话人的主观看法，而have to表客观需要。

比较：I have to stop smoking . （外界压力，客观情况使然）

I must stop smoking. （主观认为）

(2)must只有一种形式而have to有更多的形式have to, has to, had to, will have to 等。

I thought I must go there.

(3)have to 的疑问，否定均须借助于do。

Does he have to go there now ? 不说Has he to go there now?

He has to go there now, doesn’t he? The work has to be finished before 10 o'clock..

例题：

（）1. Please ______ me some money.

A. lend

B. lending

C. to lend

D. be lend

解析：Please 为副词位置灵活，我们可以把它抹掉，动词原形打头为祈使句，选A

答案：A

（）2. ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.

A. not

B. don’t

C. aren’t

D. can’t

解析：祈使句否定No+Ving 或者D on’t + V原形。因为此句为动词原形所以选B

答案：B

（）3. You don’t _______ wash all the dishes after meals.

A.have to

B. must

C. may

D. has to

解析：根据句子意思可推出汉语意思你不必在晚饭后洗盘子。主语为在AD里面选，主语为第三人称，所以用原型选A

答案：A

（）4.—Lingling can I use your e-dictionary?

-- Sure. But you ____ return it after class.

A. may

B. would

C. can

D. must

解析：根据题意你必须返还电子字典。必须must

答案：D

（）5.We often see the sign”————” on the bus.

A. No fishing

B. No smoking

C. No parking

D. No swimming

解析：四个选项都符合语法，但是公交车上只能是禁止吸烟。

答案：B

单元基础练习

一、选择填空（30分）

（）1. We can eat in the cafeteria. But we _______ eat in the classroom. .

A. don’t

B. didn’t

C. can’t

D. aren’t

（） 2. When Jim goes ________ the classroom the teacher is having class.

A. to

B. in

C. out

D. into

（） 3. -_______ I take some photos in the hall? –No, you_________.

A. Can, needn’t

B. Must, mustn’t

C. Could, won’t

D. May, mustn’t

（）4. Don’t forget________ me this evening.

A. to call

B. call

C. calls

D. calling

（）5. Don’t talk ________ in the library.

A. loud

B. loudly

C. low

D. lowly

（）6. I have _______ rules in my home. We have ________ homework to do today.

A. too many, too much

B. too much , many too

C. too many, much too

D. much too,

many too

（）7. -Can your brother swim? -________.

A. Yes, he can’t

B. Yes, please .

C. No, he can’t

D. Yes, he does

（） 8. It’s raining all day , so I ________ stay at home.

A. must

B. have to

C. must to

D. can

（） 9. He’s never ________ class.

A. arrive

B. late for

C. arrive late

D. late

（） 10. Don’t worry! There is _________ much wrong with you.

A. something

B. anything

C. everything

D. nothing

（）11. Don’t arrive late for class, ________?

A. do you

B. aren’t you

C. will you

D. don’t you

（）12. “No, ______ ! ” says the sign.

A. smoke

B. smoking

C. smokes

D. to smoke

（） 13. His mother is ill _________ for two days.

A. in bed

B. on bed

C. in the bed

D. on the bed

（）14. -Can you cook fish? - ________. It’s easy.

A. No, I can’t

B. Yes, I can

C. Sorry, I can’t

D. Yes, I need

（）15. -What did Mary have ___________breakfast this morning?

-She got up late and hurried to school ________ breakfast.

A. for, without

B. at, without

C. for , after

D. at, after

二、阅读理解

一

Hello, listeners. Welcome to Henton Hospital Radio. Before our music program begins, I'm going to repeat (重复) some of our hospital rules.

The hospital can sleep 800 patients (病人). There are 8 beds in each ward (病房). The visiting hours are in the afternoon from 2:30 to 3:30 and in the evening from 7:00 to 8:00. But remember only two people can see you at the same time. Sorry about that, but you can see what would happen if we didn't have these rules.

The other rules are about our hours. We start quite early-you might not be used to that. We wake you at 6:00, and breakfast is at 8:00, lunch at noon. There's tea at 3:30 and supper is at 6:00.

You can see the smoking sign-we don't allow smoking in the wards. I'm sure you understand why.

However, if you do need to smoke, there are some smoking-rooms where it is allowed.

You will find the radio switch (开关) on the wall near your bed, with your own headphone, if you want to listen. It's our own hospital radio wishing you a quick recovery(康复).

1. Who do you think the listeners might be?

A. Patients.

B. Visitors.

C. Doctors.

D. Nurses.

2. How many wards are there in this hospital?

A. 8.

B. 80.

C. 100.

D. 800.

3. Which is NOT allowed in the hospital?

A. Listening to the hospital radio.

B. Visiting patients in the morning.

C. Smoking in the smoking-rooms.

D. Getting up early in the morning.

4. What program will follow this radio talk?

A. Hospital rules.

B. A weather report.

C. A free talk.

D. A music program

5. What sign can you see in the wards?

A. No speaking.

B. No parking.

C. No smoking.

D. No people.

二

Many students in the USA always take the school bus to school every day. Parents think taking the

school bus is very safe(安全的). But sometimes it is also dangerous. Some students died(死亡) because

they broke the school bus rules. Here are some school bus rules:

◆Amve at the bus station early.

◆Wait for the bus at the bus station.

◆Don't play around the bus.

◆Don't run everywhere at the bus station.

◆Don't walk or fight in the bus when it is going.

◆Don't try to leave the bus until it stops.

These rules are good for students. Remember them and don't break them. So you can keep yourself safe.

根据短文内容,判断下列句子正( T)误( F) 。

( ) 1. Taking the school bus to school is always safe.

( ) 2. Students can run everywhere at the bus station.

( ) 3. Students have to sit on their seats when the bus is going.

( ) 4. Students can't get to the bus station late.

( ) 5. It can be dangerous if students break the school bus rules.

三、首字母填空

Dear friends,

Do you k 1 you are lucky when you are sitting in the bright c 2 and having your classes or enjoying your nice food at home? Can you feel many children in Haiti(海地) are very lucky, t 3 ? We know an earthquake(地震) happened in Haiti on January 12th，2010. Many people died(死去). Lots of children don’t have enough f 4 to eat, and they c 5 go to school now.

They need our h 6 . So we’d like to collect stationery and clothes for them. You can d your old pens, rubbers, rulers, pencil-boxes o7 old clothes. And you can also donate(捐赠) some money . We will s 8 them to the children in Haiti.

We hope to raise m 9 than 10,000 yuan , then we can help 50 students to go back to school. If you would like to donate things, please c 10 us on 83301666. Thank you.

Gao Shan and her classmates

1.__________

2.__________

3.__________

4.__________

5.__________

6.__________

7.__________

8.__________

9.__________ 10.________

参考答案

一、CDDAB ACBAD CBABA

二、1-5 A C B D C 1-5 FFTTT

三、1. know 2.classroom 3.too 4.food 5.can’t 6.help 7.or 8.send 9.more 10.call.

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