chapter_5_the_night_of_the_horse_v_j6p__a

Chapter 5 the night of the horse 知识小结

▲重点词组

1、run a competition 组织竞赛

2、rush down the stairs 跑下楼

3、seconds later 一会儿后

4、make jokes about/at 开…的玩笑

5、drag … into 拖进来

6、except for 除了

7、to be sure 确保8、take turns 轮流

9、succeed in doing sth 成功做了…10、too…to 太…而不能

11、play a trick on 在...上耍了一个诡计12、on wheels 在轮子上

▲重要语法——现在完成时

●动词的过去分词的构成

（一）规则动词的过去分词的构成及其读音与动词的过去式相同：

1 直接在动词词尾加ed构成：

例如：call called called

2 以e结尾的直接加d构成：

例如：agree agreed agreed

live lived lived

3 以元音字母加y结尾的直接加ed构成：

例如：play played played (enjoy ,stay)

4 以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变i为再加ed构成：

例如：study studied studied

5 以重读闭音节结尾的末尾只有一个辅音字母的，应先双写辅音字母，再加ed构成：

例如：drop dropped dropped

stop stopped stopped

prefer preferred preferred

travel travelled travelled

（二）不规则动词的过去分词的构成

例如：become became become

write wrote written

buy bought bought

●现在完成时的意义

1.动作发生在过去,但对现在产生影响。

2.表示过去已经开始而且持续到现在的动作或状态。

3．现在完成时态常与一些时间状语连用：yet, already, just, before, ever, never, recently, so far, till/until, up to now, in the past few years etc.

Already & yet

already 用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑问句。如：

I have seen the film already.

He hasn?t come back from Shanghai yet.

Has he come back yet?

Ever (曾经）& never （从不）

even 常用于疑问句，never常用于陈述句。如：

Has Anne ever been to Australia?

My mother has never travelled by air.

●Since & for

since四种用法：

a) since + 过去一个时间点（1980, March, half past six)

I have been here since 1989.

b) since + 一段时间+ ago

I have been here since five months ago.

c) since + 从句

Great change have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.

d) It is + 一段时间+ since 从句（过去时）

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.

For 引导的表示一段时间的状语

They have been in Canada for ten years.

My brother has kept this book for 5 weeks. (特殊疑问句) →How long has your brother kept this book?

●延续性动词与终止性动词

终止性动词不可延续,所以不可与表示一段时间的状语连用. 误: I?ve left my hometown for 10 years.

正: I?ve been away from my hometown for 10 years.

误: He has borrowed this book for a week.

正: He has kept this book for a week.

但它们的否定式可以与一段时间状语连用.

Eg. I haven?t bought any new c lothes for three months.

?终止性动词与表示一段时间的状语连用时,

?将终止性动词转化为持续性动词

come →be here go →be here

die →be dead borrow →keep

buy →have join →be in…

leave →be away →be a …member

▲句子解释

1、It was too big for them to take away .

It was so big that they couldn’t take away .

2、He spoke too fast for me to follow.

He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow.

3、In one night ,they succeeded in capturing it with a trick.

In one night ,they was able to capture it with a trick.

In one night ,they didn’t fail to capture it with a trick.

4、The square was empty, except for the giant horse.

The square was empty, not including the giant horse.

5、The army entered the city of troy.

The army went into the city of troy.

6、“captain ,they …ve gone ”,he cried

“captain ,they …ve gone ”,he shouted loudly.

7、A newspaper ran a competition on famous tales from history.

A newspaper held a competition on famous tales from history.

A newspaper organized a competition on famous tales from history.

8、It ‘s a week since he borrowed this book.

He has kept this book for a week.

9、It ‘s ten years since my uncle left china.

My uncle has been away from china for ten years.