2012语法精华
2012 3冠词a an the
◆元音字母a e i o u
European/ u UFO university uniform useful usual used 二手…
◆an a /e/ i/o /f/ l /m /n/ s /x /r/ h /(12个字母前用)
◆an hour an honest boy (a dishonest child) an Mp5
orange apple egg /island an interesting / exciting / excellent film◆
an active /outgoing /outstanding / impolite/ ugly / eltheletic boy
an Asian / American/ Australian/ Indian / English girl
artist actor assistant 助手attendent服务员althelete astronaut engineer
an English teacher an international school
an interesting book an important meeting an impolite kid
◆aunt Asian Australian actor action
(七上)article animal activity assistant.apartment
（七下）active American artist althlete altheletic ear eye easy engineer exchange Indian （八上）accident adult agent alblum Asian Australia America amusentment
（八下）ant airplane advertisement
◆eraser egg eight eleven elephant exam expensive
ear eye easy engineer exchange Indian exhibition
earthquake elevator excellent European e –mail empty essage 论文
◆island idea interesting important impolite invitation
◆old octopus orange outgoing outstanding
◆umbrella uncle unfriendly unhealthy unfair unusual unpleasant
a/an+单数名词，表某一类别复数名词表某一类别
狗友好字典是重要的学习工具
An dog is friendly = A dictionary is an important school tool
Dogs are friendly. Dictionaries are important school tools.
The dog is friendly.
a/an
1.第一次出现的任何物This is a book.
2. 泛指一个She is a nurse.
3. 表一类：An orange is orange. =Oranges are orange
.the
1.双方知道Pass me the book
2.二次出现My mother bought a book, the book is very expensive.
3.特指The book on the desk is mine.
4.独一无二the moon the sun the earth
5.序数词，形容词的最高级
The second girl is the shortest., but she runs (the)faster of all
6.the+形容词表一类人The poor had to work for the rich
7.用于姓氏复数前表一家人或夫妇二人The White is
8.乐器play the piano 9.普通名词构成的专有名词the Great Wall the Summer Palace 10 the poor the rich the young the old
零冠词：his twelfth birthday / his th e×twelfth birthday.
this bike each student Li Ping‘s English.
名词有指示代词，物主代词，不定代词名词所有格等修饰
代词限定名词前期my your his this that those these 球类，三餐
2012数词：基数词和序数词five seconds
数词
基数词规律--teen (13-19)和__ty 结尾(20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90)
序数th ,ie th, f th 结尾twenty→tw entieth
four fourteen forty
nine nineteen ninety
fifth twelfth ninth fortieth
只有第9没e ,forty, forties 没u
8加h 9 去e f代ve 变y 为ie+th
first second third fifth twelfth eighth ninth twentieth
基数词:表数量
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 21th 21st 100th
◆1-10 zero one two three four frive six seven eight nine ten
◆11—19
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen
◆20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 21---29
Twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety 21tewnty-one
◆100 one hundred 141 one hundred and forty-one
210 two hundred and ten
◆序数词：表顺―第…‖ th结尾
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 21th 21st 100th
first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth twelfth eighth ninth 第20 twentieth 第30thirtieth 第40 fortieth 第50fiftieth 第60 sixtieth 第70 seventieth 第80eightieth 第90 ninetieth 第100 one hundredth
thousand 千million 百万billion 亿
teen—th five—fifth twelve—twelfth eighth fourteen forty nine→ninth
nineteen ninety ty —tieth
易错：He is the taller of the two He is tallest of the three.
1. 300 hundred students
(several)hundreds of/thousands millions
2.twelve months seven days four seasons
3 表编号Room 302 Class Two Room 20
4 Page 14 Class Three Unite 14
4. in his forties (forty) 在他40几岁
5. in 1980 in the 1980s In 1989 读in nineteen eighty-nine
在1949 10 1 读on October (the)first, nineteen forty-one
6. have a _____(两天) holiday 7 of the two / of the three
8数词+名词做定语数词和名词之间用连字符名名词用单数
◆an 800-meter race a two-day holiday
.a /an_____ boy a two – day holiday a five-year-old girl
9.◆five minutes’ walk /ride / drive/ 步行5分钟的距离(how far)
It‘s a five-minute- walk from shool to my home
10．two meters long /wide/ high/deep 11．every four years below zero
12．a piece of bread / new/ music/ advice/ two pieces of
a glass of a cup of a bottle of a bowl of
a pair of a kind of vegetable /many kinds of flowers
13. half an hour one and a half hours one hour and a half. every four years
8.表时间past/to two two two to two 2:02 2:55
30 forty thirty half past four 6:25 ___ past ___ 8：45 _____to _____
序数词
①the twelfth month the first day of the week The first month of the year
for the first (second ) time to do
② on the twelfth floor (twelve floors)
③ his ninth birthday his the × ninth birthday.the eigntieth of birthday
④ the first to do /the last to
⑤分数two thirds a half a quarter three quarters three fifths
⑥ a/an+序数词―又一，再一
He failed twice. He wants to try a third 他失败两次，他还想试一次(第三次)learn a second language 再学一种语言
⑦another / more
another one =one more another three teachers =three more teachers
another+单n another+数词+名词复数
another pair / day/ city 另一双/改天/ 另一个城市
another cup of tea another two days 再两天
8.1.表分数，百分数+ percent 用单数
1／2 a half 1／3 one third 1／4 a quarter 1／5 one fifth
2／3 two seconds 3／4 three quarters 2／5 two fifths
30﹪30 percent of the students
60﹪60 percent of the population are workers
数词练习：
1.There are _____ months .December is the ___ month of the year.
2 He lives on _______(five)floor
3.Yesterday was _______(ninety)birthday of his grandma‘s
Today is his ______(nine) birthday.
4.He is an _________(八岁的)boy 5 ______is the first day of the week
◆表否定的词not no few little hardly never neither none seldom很少
比较级、最高级→better best bad/badly/ill→ worse worst
many /much → more mos t little → less least
◆提问how soon (in two days/ in a minute)
How long ( for / since / it take two days )
How often ( once a week/ every day / something
How far ( five miles/ two hours’ ride / walk/ drive)
When ( in December / at six/ in the evening/)
◆考位置：
Something/anything/ nothing 某个东西/某件事else /other其他的enough 足够the whole…= all the another/more 再，又
1.something/ anything / nothing new /different/ strange / good /
nothing serious 不严重
There is something wrong with my computer .
Nothing is wrong with his ear
2.old/ careful/carefully /creative enough足够/仔细
3.what/ when/ where else其他的什么东西
everyone else其他每个人anyone else 其他任何人
4. the whole day =all day 整天the whole class = all the class.全班
5.another one /pair/ day / city / another ten minute
need another two nurses= need t wo more nurses
6 such a lovely girl =so lovely a girl
检测：1. Is there ________（新内容）in the newspaer?
2.Do you ________(好吃的东西)
3. He drive ______(够仔细)
4.The problem is ______(够容易) I can work it out _____(容易)
5..我们还需两张桌子We need ___ two desks = We need two___ desks
6 It is such a beautiful flower = It is ___ beautiful a flower .
7 He is _______(够仔细)/ He did ________(够仔细)
◆ed 结尾的形容词修饰人―感到…‖ ing结尾修饰物―令人…‖
interest surprise excite tire bore disappoint= relax + ed/ing
1.I am _____(surprise) to hear the _____(surprise) news.
2.The ____(relax)music made me ____(relax)
3.She is _____(interest) in the _____(interest) story.
一：名词
可数不可数：many/ much few/ little fewer/ less more
do more work with fewer people and less money
There is little milk Let‘s get some
1.few/ a few/ little / a little 2 many/ much
2.much /little/ less+不可数n many / few /fewer+可数n
much/too much /so much /how much
too many/ too much / much too cold
so many / much / few / little 如此多、如此少
so a lovely girl=such a lovely girl
1.a/an
a few =several 几个
2.some 一些some others 一些另一些◆one…the other
3.many =a lotof = lots of 许多=a number of 许多
4. a large of number of 大量、许多
5. a small number of 少数
6.such robot 这样的机器人
7.the number of …的数量
8.plenty of =enough friends/ rain （可数，不可数皆可）足量的
no pen =not a pen no pen = not any pen
◆◆可数名词
news新闻information信息advice 建议忠告=suggestions
weather天气rain/ snow / work homework housework 家务活
time money paper poplution 污染
液体：water，tea ，coffee，cola soup汤orange, juice, milk yorgut
肉类：meat chicken fish beef pork
面食bread 面包但cakes sandwiches 面条noodles humbers
◆◆可数名词的用法
two children many tourists/ visitors many/lots of/a lot of + 名词复数
hundreds of / thousands of/ millions of
不可数名词的用法★★★
①much/too much /so much /how much
② There is some +不可数名词
③ What + 形容词+ 不可数名词★★★ _____ good weather it is today！
⑷ two pieces of bread.
⑤ How much
可数不可数：many/ much few/ little fewer/ less more
do more work with fewer people and less money
There is little milk Let‘s get some
感叹句What + 形容词+ 不可数名词★
可数不可数：many/ much few/ little fewer/ less more
do more work with fewer people and less money
There is little milk Let‘s get some
中考真题：What good news / advice / information
What cold/bad /terribel/ fine /nice terrible weather
◆What a cold/bad /terribel/ fine /nice terrible day
◆◆名词变复数：
1.+s x sh ch +es bus glass box wash dish watch
3.辅音字母+y结尾变y →i+es city factory
day holiday key monkey toy boy
4. f,fe结尾，f,fe→ v +es leaf half knkife
5. 0+es hero—heroes tomato---tomatoes potato—potatoes
radios photos pianos zoos videos
6.foot-feet tooth- teeth man –men woman—women child—children humans toothbrushes
7.单复数相同fish 鱼sheep绵羊deer 鹿Chinese中国人Japanese 日本人
8 可数不可数表达不同含义：
orange,fish，chichen fruit food，hair There was a rain/snow 一场雨/一场雪
Bananas and apple are fruits The foods on the desk two hairs/ his hair is long
9样子像复数名词表单数phsics maths news Physics is difficult.
10样子单数表达复数people/ the police/ the rich
There ___ mamy people The police are looking for the thief 警察们正在找小偷
11.family 表整体谓语用单数，表成员谓语用复数
12.My family ___a happy family
My family ____ waiting for me now.
◆名词所有格两种形式?s 和of (做定语)―的‖
A:有生命的名词后+‘s 无生命的用of （定语放名词的后边）
1.Tony‘s legs the legs of the table a photo of my family a map of China everyone else‘s
2.两人共同拥有…lucy and Lily‘s 两人分别拥有…lucy‘s and Lily‘s
The room is____/ the woman is _____mother/The two men are ____father
3 s结尾的复数
twins’s mother on Teachers‘Day Children‘s Day Mother‘s Day Father‘s Day 4双重所有格
a friend of my father’s (friends)我父亲(的朋友中的)一个朋友
a friend of mine/ his/ hers 我的一个朋友the favorite of my sister‘s
5. 时间，距离，国家，城镇，团体+‘s
t oday‘s work China‘s population = the population of China 中国的人口
five minutes’walk 走5分钟的（距离）→ how far
两天的假期two days’ holiday a two--day holiday
休两天的假have two days off
提醒：May Day 五一National Day Christmas Day 圣诞节二：
形容词:原级比较级最高级
good /well→ better best bad/badly/ill→ worse worst
many /much → more most little less least far old
1.fast faster fastest
2.nice nicer nicest
3.hot red big sad glad
4.heavy busy happy easy angry dirty funny
5 more+原级most+原级
beautiful/more beautiful/most beautiful popular /more popular/most popular interesting/more interesting/most interesting careful / more careful/ most careful
often / more often/ most ofter fun /more fun/ most fun
quickly slowly carefully easily often fun
形容词+ly →副词
1.careful-carefully /quick- quickly
2.angry-angrily happy-happily easy-easily lucky-lucyily
3.terrible-terribly simple-simply possible—possibly ture- turly
probable-probably
特殊polite –politely
修饰动词的副词hard well really hardly
He works hard . She studies hard (Lucy and Lily)
形容词的用法
形容词修饰名词，说明人和事物的特征副词用来说明动作或状态的词
副词hard well carefully
ed, ing, y, ful ant,ent 结尾
interest-interested – interesting excite –excite –exciting
tire tired/tiring surprise surprised /surprising bored/ boring
disappoint —ed —ing relaxed/ relaxing
different important confident
1.做定语：形容词+名词 a careful/ careless boy a happy girl
特殊：名词+形容词
Something important /anything important/ nothing important
nothing new / nothing serious
There is something wrong with.(两种否定)
2. 做表语：主语+be +形容词He is careful（形容词）
3.做宾语make sb +形容词，keep sb +形容词
make him angry/happy/ make us excited/interested/
There is something wrong with.(否定)
T here is not anything wrong with …
There is nothing wrong with…
副词hard well carefully
副词修饰动词
He did his homework carefully (副词)
Work hard / study hard
do well in/do better in /do best in
study well play the piano well
luckily /unlckily
原级，比较级，最高级的用法
原级
1无修饰语:She is shy. The weather is cold
2.very/ quite /too/ enough/ so+原级He is very active
3 A as 原级as B 一样
4. A not as/so +原级+as B= A less +原级than =比较级+than不如赶不上不一样比较级的用法
①even/much /a lot/a little + 比较级He fells even wose
even(更)much /a lot（…的多）a little （…一点）
②比较级than
③Which / Who …+比较级, A or B?
④比较级and+比较级more and more+原级
⑤The busier … the happier
⑥形容词: 6.the +比较级of the two the taller of the two
最高级5种用法：
1. one of +最高级+名词复数
2. in/ of 短语
in China ,in the world ,in jian,in our class
of all , of the three.
3.Who/Which最高级, A,B or C ?
4序数词+最高级第一最，第二最
5.最高级sb have/has ever seen/ received
最高级前有his/ this/ li Dong‘s 不能用the
-ed/-ing noisy te
interest / bore / excite/ surprise/
frustrate/ relax/ tire/
1.keep…quiet/open/closed
1.seem happy/hungry
3.make us happy
make his class interesting
make us interested
4.3look/sound/smell/taste +adj
5 enough money/time
6.careful/carefully enough
draw well enough
7.something important
anything interesting
主语+am/is/are +adj.
look/sound/smell/taste +adj 主语+实义动词+adv. 形容词原级比较级最高级
原级3种用法
1没有修饰词
.The flowers in the garden are beautiful
2.very ,quite, too ,enough , so +原级
very big quite quitet
so beautiful too much/ many/ too tired / difficult 3.as…as 一样…
as interesting as as important as
as tall as as old as =the same age (as)
feel better soon ,
even worse ,even better
much taller / a little taller /
a lot easier
taller and tall , stronger and stronger
fatter and fatter
more and more beautiful /important / popular
the more the better
the more the hearier
the harder the better grades
the more careful the fewer mistakes
原级：
The flowers in the garden are beautiful
He is very quiet. They are too tired so lovely
You will feel ____(well) soon.
I hope you will
It was ___(cold) ,it is evev _____( cold)
He is _____(good) at English than math.
He is getting _____ and _____(tall)The weather is getting __
时态的标志词：时间状语。
1一般现在时：
◆always/usually/often/sometimes/ ◆every day/ once a week
◆in the morning/afternoon/evening/ ◆on Sunday/
2一般过去时
◆ yesterday / yesterday evening=last night last Sunday /last week/
◆the day before yesterday =the other day前天
◆a few minutes ago just now 刚才this morning ◆often/…+过去时间
3一般将来时
◆tomorrow/ 明天the day after tomorrow后天this evening 今晚
◆next year 明年/ next Sunday◆in a few days /in two days in the future 将来◆before long 不久◆by the end of this term
4现在进行时
◆now= at the moment= at this time 就在现在◆at present 目前
◆these days 这些天◆look, listen
5过去进形时then =at the time 在那时at five yesterday昨天5点this time yesterday昨天的这个时候from 5 to 8 yesterday evening
6现在完成时
◆just 刚刚already已经yet（问,否）还never 从不ever 疑问
◆twice /three times many times ◆for /since
◆sofar 目前in the last few years before/rencetly最近
8．过去完成时
◆by that time 到那个时候by the end of last week 到上周末
◆过去完成时before +一般过去时◆宾语从句
主动语态被动语态
1.一般现在时clean/ cleans am/ is cleaned
2.一般过去时cleaned was/ were cleaned
3.现在进行时：am/is/are cleaning am/ is / are being cleaned
4.过去进行时was/were cleaning was/ were being clearned
5.一般将来时：will/shall/ clean will be clearned
is,am ,are going to clearn
6.过去将来时：would clean
7.现在完成时：has/have cleaned
8.过去完成时：had cleaned
9.现在进行完成时：has/have been clearned
Shall I/we … ? shall 只能与I/we 连用
◆◆◆被动语态重点考：
一般现在：am/is /are cleaned 一般过去：was/were cleaned
一般将来：will be cleaned 被动语态：should /can/ must/ be cleaned
中考代词复习
难点: than that / those that代替不可数n 或单数n/ those 代n. 复数
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shang Hai in winter
The machines (机器) made in China is cheaper than __made in Japan ( those)
It‘s + 形容词/ 名词. to do◆◆◆
⒈It takes/ took/ will take sb +some time ______ ( 与spend同义)
2.It seems/ seemed that sb= sb seems
3.It happened that sb= sth happened
4.It is said that 据说
5.It is reported that 据报道
6 It is believed that 人们相信It is known that 众所周知
7.It‘s + adj ( for sb) to do sth It‘s + adj ( of sb) to do sth
difficult=hard/ easy/ important/ necessary/ danger / safe
good/ nice/ kind/ bad / polite礼貌/ impolite/ fool/ stupid愚蠢
It‘s very kind of you to help us.
It‘s time for / to do
It‘s time for home / It‘s time to go home. It‘s time (foryou) to go home.
It‘s better/best to
8 It‘s a good idea / way to
I don‘t think it is a good idea for her to copy my homework
9 It‘s your turn 轮到你了。It‘s your turn to sweep the floor.
10 It‘s our duty to
10 It‘s + 一段时间+ since +过去时（非延续性动词或It has been + 一段时
重点：There is something wrong with my computer .
There is not anything wrong with my computer (nothing)
Is there anything wrong with with my computer?
◆One …the other (two hands /feet/ sh oes/ boys,girl)
◆some others
在路的两边on both sides of the road/street/river/ on either/ each side of
another one/ pair/ day / time / city /stay two days 在呆两天
another two men= two more men two more= another two
both…and +谓语复not only …but also neit her …nor either …or +就近
指示代词指示代词：this→these that→those it 代替①this/ that ②不可数n.(litter ) 可数n 词单数they 代替these / those 名词复数they/ them
反身代词myself/ ourselves yourself / yourselves himself/ herself / themselves
人称代词主格I / we you / you he / she / it / they
人称代词宾格me/ us you/ you him/her/ it / the
形容词性物主代词my/ our your/your his / her / its/ thei
名词性物主代词mine/ours yours/yours his/ hers / its / theirs表否定：
不定代词:both /all/ either one other each every another
◆some/ any many/ much few/ little fewer / less every / each both/ all
◆either / neither one/ it/that other /else / another
◆both all either neither none another something / anything / nothing
some one=somebody something somewhere
anyone=anybody anything anywhere no one =nobody nothing
evey whone=everybody everything everywhere help others= help others
◆不定代词做主语谓语动词
all of none of both of neither of each of either of every one of 谓语？？
they both= both of them they all = all of them
Each/either/ neither/+谓语单数
each/ either/ neither book = each/ either/ neither of the books +谓语单数
None of them like/ likes / （none做主语单复数皆可）
Both of +谓语复数Both of them are from
All of + 可数名词复数+谓语复数all of +不可数名词+谓语单数
all of the work has been finished / all of the stuents like
Each student has an apple=Every student has an appple
They each have =Each of them has
they both= both of them they all =all of them否定代词：no neither none nobody nothing few little no pen=not a pen no pens = not any pen
I made the card by __________
①_____ (we)school is bigger than ______ (you)
③Who taught ____ (you) English? Miss Wang taught ___(we) math.
④Whose bike is this ? It‘s ______.My book is newer than
反身代词的用法：
1.单独地by oneself
2.teacher oneself = learn by oneself 自学
3.玩得愉快enjoy oneself
4.help yourself/ yourselves to 随便吃…
5照顾我们We are old enough to take care of ourselves
6.别拘束，感觉像在家feel oneself at home
6. hurt 7心里想said to himself
I will teach myself . I‘m sure I can do it by myself ― Linda said to himself‖
琳达心里想，我要自学，我一定能独立做好他。
否定代词：no neither none nobody nothing few little
no pen=not a pen no pens = not any pen
区别few/ a few /a little / little fewer / less
◆some/ any something / anything / nothing
many/ much every / each both/ all neither/none
◆either / neither one/ it/that other /else / another
both of them/us谓语复数neither of us / each of them谓语单数
none of us谓语单复数皆可everyone=everybody 每个人
someone=somebody 某个人anyone=anybody 任何人o one= nobody没有人
everything something anything nothing
检测
①Both I and he have been to Beijing
=Not only I but also he has been to Beijing
②Both I and he have been to Beijing（否定）____I_____he_____to Beijing
③ Either you or he is right.
④Both of them are teacher.（否定）__ of them ____ a teacher
⑤All of the students are singing （否定）
◆◆___of the students _____ singing (is/are)
①There is something wrong with my computer （否定）.
②Is there _____ new in the newspaper ? (答案anything )
重点句子
①Is everyone here ? 大家都到齐了吗? Is anyone at home ?
②Is everything ready ? 一切准备好了吗？
③I‘ll finish it in another ten minutes?
④We mustn‘t read anyone else‘s letter.
指示代词：this→these that→those
◆both all either neither none another it
1.Most people find ____ excting to watch football.mattch (答案it)
2.Do you think ___ necessary to learn to wait in line? (答案it)
3.He found ___ important to learn English(答案it)
4.This T-shirt is too big , please show me ___ one (another)
5.There is__wrong with my computer.
It doesn‘t work.I will have it ______(repair)
6.I have ____ ____ (重要的事情) to do 答案something important
7.Is ____ ____ (新内容) in tod ay‘s newspaper ? 答案anything new
8Your watch is very nice . Where did you buy___? (it)
In Shanghai . Do you want to buy ____ like this .（one）
6.The machines (机器) made in China is cheaper than __made in Japan ( those)
7.The weather in Beijing is colder than ____in Shanghai in winter .(that)
Both/ either / neither
1.Which do you prefer ,coffee or tea?___.I‘d like a glass of water .(Neither)
2.Are you ___ from America? No, none of us (none)
3.Do you like the pop star Zhou jielun or the movie star Liu Dehua.
____ I‘m not their fan. (neither)
4.Which of the two T-shirt will you take?
I‘ll take ___, one is for my brother .the other for myself . (both)
5.If you didn‘t decide which of the two novels (小说) to borrow, why don‘t
you take _____ ? I won‘t read them this month.
6.What would you like to drink?It doesn‘t matter___will do(anything )
7.Most people find ____ excting to watch football.mattch (it)
8.Do you think ___ necessary to learn to wait in line?
9.He found ___ important to learn Englis
10.This T-shirt is too big , please show me ___ one (another)
11.There is _______ wrong with my computer . It doesn‘t work.
I will have it ______(repair)
12. I have ____ _____ (重要的事情) to do 答案something important
13. .Is ____ ____ (新内容) in today‘s newspaper ? 答案anything new
14.Your watch is very nice . Where did you buy___? (it)
In Shanghai . Do you want to buy ____ like this .（one）
13The machines (机器) made in China is cheaper than __made in Japan ( those)10 14.The weather in Beijing is colder than ____in Shanghai in winter .(that)
Both/ either / neither
15.Which do you prefer , coffee or tea?___. I‘d like a glass of water .(Neither)
16.Are you ___ from America? No, none of us (none)
17.Do you like the pop star Zhou jielun or the movie star Liu Dehua.
____ I‘m not their fan. (neither)
18.Which of the two T-shirt will you take?I‘ll take ___, one is for my brother .
the other for myself . (both)
19.If you didn‘t decide which of the two novels (小说) to borrow, why don‘t
you take _____ ? I won‘t read them this month.
20.What would you like to drink ? It doesn‘t matter. ____ will do ( anything )
21.Would you like anything else? No , _____ else. Thank you. ( Nothing)
22.___he___are interested in painting(他和她对画画都感兴趣) both…and
=___he ___is interested in painting ( not only …but also)
23..他和她对画画都不感兴趣
____he ____she is interested in painting (Neither …nor )
You can ____ this book ___ that book, but you take both.( either …or )
◆指示代词
①this those 指近that those 指远
This is a pen → 复数That is her friend
②that上文提到的事He was ill.That is why didn‘t go to sc hool
③this下文提到的事
please remember this :No pain, No gain 没有付出就没有收获
④打电话who is that ? 你是谁？This is Bob speaking
⑤ than that / those 比较级的句子中
The machines (机器) made in China is cheaper than __made in Japan ( those)
it 的用法
1.代替this/ that What‘s this / that ? ___
2.代替婴儿或不明身who is it ?
3.代替时间，天气。距离It‘s five /It‘s may 1st. It is a sunny day.
4.it 代替单n. 和不可数n.
①---Your watch is very nice . Where did you buy___? (it)
In Shanghai . Do you want to buy ____ like this .（one）
②The machines (机器) made in China is cheaper than __made in Japan ( those)
5.it做形式主语
It is + adj+(for of sb) to do sth.
It is time for sth/ to do sth
It seems that / It is said that / It is reported that / It is believed that
It‘s one‘s turn to It is our duty to
中考试题
A. everything
B. something
C.anything
D.nothing
1.I‘m not busy .I have_____ to do
2 I‘m hungry ,mum.I want ____ to eat
3 You must be hungry, Would you like ____ to you.
4 I listened but I heard ______
5he doctor said there was__wrong with Tom‘s legs So she could do___to help.
A.either
B.neither C .both
1.There are many tall trees on ____ side of the street
2.Can you come on Friday or Saturday ?I‘m afraid ______ day is possible.
3.Which do do you prefer,a bottle of of orange or a bottle of milk?
___thanks .I‘d like just a cu p of tea.
4Which sweater do you prefer ,the yellow one or the green one ?
____-.I like a light blue one.
5.Which of the two note will you buy?I‘ll take ____of them .So Ican give one to my friend.
6.Have you sent your parents an e-mail telling them you arrive safe .No.__ of them can use a computer
7.____of them knows French ,so I have to ask a third person for help
8.___of us has a diction ary ,so we can‘look up the new words
A a few
B few
C a little
D little
1.The text is very easy for you .There are _____new words in it .
2 Let‘s go and have a drink .We‘ve got ______time before the train leaves.
3 You may go and ask him .He knows ______about Japanese
4 The question is so difficult that very ______people in our clall can answer it .
5.----Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ? ----Yes , but only __________.
6. Could I have some milk ?Ceertainly .There is ______ in the bottle.
7,The box is too heavy .______ student in our clall can carry it .
neither/so
1.John likes playing footable,_________Tom (Tom也喜欢)
2 John doesn‘t like playing footbal ，__________Tom (Tom也不喜欢)
3 Jenny‘s sister is a popular star .，________ Jenny
4 .She often does some shoping on Sunday, _____LindiaI
something +adj. anything +adi nothing +adj.
1.Mum,Bill is coming to dinner this evenin g .OK let‘s give him ___________
A Something different
B different anything D different something
2.They didn‘t learn ________in this lesson
A Something new
B anything new D new anything
3.Is there ____in today‘ newspaper ?
A anthing interesting
B something interesting
C interesting anything
不定式
1.做主语
*学习一门艺术很难____ ____ an art is difficult.=____ ___difficult to learn
*现在把这个工作停下来似乎不可能。
It seems impossible __ ____ ___ the work
2 做表语.Our duty is _____ (help) the young children to grow better.‘
His job is _____(feed)the animals
3 做宾语
▲ He hope ______ (vist) the Great Wall.
▲ 我发现学英语很难。I find ____ difficult ____ _____ English
▲ 我们不知到下一不该怎么做。Idon‘t know ____ _____ _____ next?
4 做宾语不足语ask tell invite allow
tell sb to do / tell sb not to sth. see sb do / doing
5.做定语
他没有写字用的纸He has no paper ____ ____ ___
He is always the first ______ (get ) to school.and the last _____ (leave) school
That is a good place _________ (have) fun
疑问词+不定式
When to start/ leave How to use it /the machine/ mobile phone
Which to choose/ buy=which sweather to choose / Where to go
特殊：Why not +动词原形。
1.It‘s nice _____(of /for) you _____- (help)me with my math.
1.The teacher told her students _________- (shout)in public.
2.all of found _____ difficult _____ (work) out the maths problem.
3.please stop _____- (have) a rest if you feel tired.
4.There is enough food _____ (last ) for a month.
5.The father made the children _______(stay) at the room.
6.She is often seen ________ (help) the old with his housework.
7.I really know _____ ______ ____(选哪个)
8.Stop _______. (talk)It‘s time for class.
9._____ (see) is to believe. My mother wants me _____(go)to school on time.
2012年4 月A谓语：
就近原则
there is /are Here is/are.
or/ not only…but also/either …or / neither …nor /not …but
谓语用复数①the police/ people②the rich/ the poor/ the yount / the old“富人”表一类人③the +姓氏复数the Greens④ a number of +n/ a lot of / a group of复数
⑤shoes/ clothes / trousers/ glasses (但a pair of shoes pair 决定)
⑥ and/both …and ⑦ both of/most of ⑧不可数名词做主语。
谓语用单数①ten yuan/ five miles / tw o years做主语②the number of +n 复数“…的数量”③不定代词everyone =everybody someone=somebody anyone no one nothing neither of / either of / each of/ one of④动名词不定式做主语谓语用⑤加减乘除⑥
the population is 但 two thirds of the populationt are
根据情况定family/class/team all half pair kind
①all 由后边的可数名词和不可数名词决定
All of the work has been finished All of the students like listening to music.
all of the students are singing
②由pair ,kind 决定
a pair of shoes two pairs of shoes a kind of many kinds of flowers
③主语后有with , together with , including/ execpt /less than / more 等词或短语由主语的单复数决Tom with his dad is going to Beijing
④ The population of China is
Two thirds of the populationt are
⒈The police _____looking for the thief People in Shenyang ____very friendly
The rich ____ alwalys happy .The Blacks ____ moving to Shanghai d答案are
2. My family is a happy family My family are having dinner. My family is moving to another city. My class are having an English class.
3.◆.The number of the students in our school is two thousand◆.
A number of students___running
4. How much ____ the pair of shoes ? There are two pairs of shoes under the bed.
This pair of shoes_____(look) nice.
5.◆Mike, like his brother ___ (enjoy) playing football.
Tom with his parents is goint to Shanghai
Not you but I am wrong
6.The number of students in your class _____35.
7.To see ___ to believe./ What __ three and four?
8.Tom went to cinema, so ___ Ann.
9.YaoMing and Liu Xing are world –famous .___(Both/ Neither / All/ None)of them are the.pride of China.
主谓：
1.There ___ (be) some milk and some bananas on the table.
2.Maths ____(be) my favorite subject.
3. A boy with two dogs ______(sleep) now.
4. A number of sheep _____seen by us when we pass the field .
5.The number of the teacher in our school ____ 180.
6.No one except Jack and Tom ____ (be) late for the meeting
7.How much ____ this pair of shoes ? Ten dollar ____ enough.
8.Both Kate and I ____(be) from Shang Dong.
主谓一致
.Here is/are There is / are/
There was/ were = There used to be There is going tobe / There will be
There has/have been
There be + n. + doing
1.Here ___ (be)a photo of my family
2.There ____ (be)a lot of information
3 physics ____ difficult No news _is__ good new
4.My family ___(be) a happy family 5Myfamily___(move)to Da Lin next month
6..动名词做主语谓语用单数(be)
Memorying pop song words___helpful
7.Li Dding with his father___going fishign
8.There ___ many people in the park 9 The police____(be) looking for the thief
10The police______ caught the thief 11.The number of the students___(be)5000
12 The rich are not happy at times, either .
the poor the old the young 表复数
13. Ten yuan is enough
Five miles is a long war for me /Three Days is a long time
They both/either/ each/ all have a dictionary.
Each student has +谓语单数Either student +谓语单数
Both the students+谓语复数
All the stuents +谓语复数
Each of them + 谓语单数Both of them+ 谓语复数
语法2状语从句：
时间状语;When/ while /as after / before since until=till not …unitil as soon as
条件状语：if unless.
原因状语：because for
目的状语：so that 以便，为了=in order that 为了
结果状语：so that 结果so …that /such…that 如此…以致于
让步状语：though= although even if 即使whatever 无论什么whenever 无论什么时候比较状语：than 比… as …as 和…一样not as …as 不如…
地点状语where wherever 无论哪里。
if/ till/ until/ as soon as / when主将从现
⒈① I ____(visit) the Great Wall if it ________(not rain)tomorrow
②If he______(come) tomorrow I _____(call) you
③I don‘t know if / whether he _______(come)
④I don‘t know if / whether he _______(come) if he______(come) I _____(call) you
⒉I called you as soon as he comes
I _____(ring) you up as soon as I ______(get) /I_____(call)you as soon as he ___(come)
⒊ I _____(wait) until you ______(come)
Don‘t get off the bus until it ______(stop)
4. He didn‘t go to bed until he finished his homework.
He didn’t leave until it stopped
1.他太小了不能上学
She is too young to go to school = She isn‘t old enough t o go to school =
She is so young that she can‘t go to school.
他明天早起以便赶上早班车。He will get up early so that he can catch the first bus.
昨天他早起赶上早班车He got early so that he caught the early bus.
他日夜工作为了取得成功。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.
主句主语与从句主语一样从句主语省略He worked day and night in order to succeed. so…that / such …that.
She is ___ lovely a girl that we love her very much
She is ____ a lovely girl that we love her very much.
He spent ____much time playing games ___ he did.t pass the exam.
It is ____bad news ____ everyone cried
She is ____ excited ____ say a word = She is _____ excited ____ she can‘t say a word. if/ unless /as soon as till until when after +v/(s/es)
Will+ do If/ unless do/does
Will +do till/ until/ when/ as soon as + v(s/es)
____Since__--
____While ____/____while_____
Was/were +doing when + p
Had+pp. when + p.
bring/ take borrow/ lend / keep happen/ take place
make stop
room tomorrow noodles
quite a/ an
so she does / so does she
unless than B= A not as –as B= B than A
than any other student= than the other students
句型转换复合改简单句
He hopes he will visit the Great wall this summer.
I think that it is important to learn English well
I heard that she sang yesterday.
We don‘t know what we should do next
Had better do = It‘s better /best to do sth.
同义句型改换：
if don‘t / doesn‘t = unless
so –that sb can = enough to
so –that sb can‘t/ couldn‘t = too—to= not +反义词enough to
时间: since when while as before after as soon as till until
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3)There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.方位 in(范围内);on(范围外且接壤);to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3)Japan is to the east of China. cross：动词“跨过，越过”=go across 4. across： (表面)跨过 through： (内部)穿过，贯穿介词 eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river? 2)The road runs __________ the forest. 3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema. 5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用 after + 时间段：与过去时连用 但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。 1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes. 2)They left _______ two weeks. 6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物) on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)
英语语法练习题大全
英语语法习题 目录 第一讲主谓一致 第二讲名词 第三讲代词 第四讲动词分类 第五讲动词时态 第六讲被动语态 第七讲虚拟语气 第八讲助动词 第九讲不定式 第十讲 V-ing形式 第十一讲 V-ed形式 第十二讲形容词／副词 第十三讲介词 第十四讲连词 第十五讲 It的用法 第十六讲定语从句 第十七讲名词性从句 第十八讲状语从句 第十九讲倒装句 第一讲主谓一致 I.学习重点 从句或非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致 表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致 由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致 集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 “主语+with/as well as 等短语”的主谓一致 Ⅱ．重点讲解 主语和谓语的一致主要指谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。处理主谓一致关系主要遵循以下3条原则。①语法一致原则，即谓语的单、复数形式依主语的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。②就近一致原则，即谓语动词的人称和数要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。 ③意义一致原则，即不以语法形式而从意义着眼处理一致关系，若主语形式上为复数，但意义上是单数，谓语动词需用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上是复数，则谓语动词用复数。 Ⅲ、自测题 1．The committee ______(be) unable to agree on the policies．
2．The committee ______ (have) decided to give the workers more financial help．3．Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being seen by people ______ (remain) a mystery to us all． 4．Three years in a strange land ______(seem) like a long time． 5．He is one of those men who never ______(care) how they look． 6．Law and order ______(mean) different things to people with different political opinions． 7．She’s the only one of these women who ______ (play) bridge well． 8．After the exams ______(be) the time to relax． 9．War and peace ______(be) a constant theme in history． 10．How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s ______(be) identical? 11．If either of you ______(take) a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the work． 12．One third of the population ______(be) working in factories． 13．There ______(be) a bed and two sofas in the room． 14．What he left me ______(be) three small rooms. 15．The crowd at the basketball game ______(be) wild with excitement. 16．None of the students ______(have)finished the exam yet． 17．A large crowd of people ______(have) gathered under the Town Hall clock．18．All but he and I ______(be) going to the Exhibition． 19．Each soldier and sailor ______(be) given a gun． 20．Attending on campus concerts ______ (be) part of the pleasure of college life．21．There ______(be) more than one answer to your question． 22．A number of pages ______(be) found missing． 23．This is one of the books that ______(tell) an authentic story of World War Two．24．The cat with her kittens ______(be) sitting in the sun． 25．What ______(be) your weekly wages? 26．Bacon and eggs ______(make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy．27．Dancing and skating ______(be) my chief delights． 28．Only one of the students who______(have) read the article can answer the question． 29．John is the only student who ______(have) read the book． 30．The number of secretaries in this company ______(be)never under 100．31．Five hundred dollars ______(be) spent yesterday. 32．It is I who ______(be) responsible for this. 33．To visit the parks and museums ______(be) really enjoyable． 34．Every word and phrase in this dictionary ______(be) important． 35．What he wants ______(be) a recorder and a radio． 36．There ______(be) many a reason why this book sells well． 37．What caused the damage of these cars ______(remain) unknown． 38．Two thirds of my friends ______(have) been abroad． 39．Two thirds of the crop ______(have) been damaged by the storm． 40．The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ______(have) been translated into many languages． 41．A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today,for modern jets can easily get us over this distance within a few hours． A)meant B)mean C)means D)will mean 42．It is reported that about two-thirds of the factory’s property _______ in the fire． A)are lost B)have been lost
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大师想说话： 最近《超能陆战队》了，然后“暖男”大白也了，大师也希望你能找到专属于你的大白，陪伴你走过艰辛的托福备考路程。一路有你，一路有大师。^_^ 这篇文章是大师花时间写的，所以，也希望你能认真看完，你肯定会有收获的。 针对的对象是：对托福考试零认知，或者刚刚开始背单词，又或者你被论坛五花八门的资料贴搞得头大，被培训机构天花乱坠的保分广告砸晕。 大师想说的话都在这里了，很多内容可能毁你三观，但是希望你能客观地去思考，当然，大师说的你也可以不同意，只要你能说出理由，欢迎跟大师讨论！ 入门篇： “单词背什么，怎么背” 首先声明，积累单词最有效的方法一定是通过长期的阅读积累，但为了短期的考试需求，我们不得不退而求其次，选择短期突击的方法。出于应试目的的背单词应该是高频率重复，单次消耗时间短，重复次数多，利用碎片时间背。 单词书选择： 大师推荐： 如果你喜欢纸质书：李笑来《新托福iBT词汇21天突破》+王玉梅《TOEFL 词汇》（两本都需用，单本词汇量太少）。 如果你能习惯电子版或者网页、app背单词：朗播词汇（网页＋APP），全部词汇来自真题。 免费下载pdf：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f11879817.html,/Information/Download/Files/3；（你也可以自己转成word版打印） 你看到这，可能会有两个疑问： 1.大师为啥推荐朗播词汇？ 大师明确告诉你，词汇书没有一本权威的，只是一定要弄清词源，单词书应该选择选词准确的，来源于考试真题是唯一选词标准。市面上大多数词汇书都是作者yy出来的，红宝书也不例外。 2.朗播词汇跟乐词、扇贝、百词斩有啥优势？
初中英语语法--时态试题
一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2.It________you are right. ( seem ) 3.Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen ) 5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain ) 6. —I need some paper . —I______ some for you . ( bring ) 7.I can’t find my pen . Who______it ? ( take ) 8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come ) 9.I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave ) 10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit ) 12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat ) 13.I______with you if I have time . ( go ) 14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be ) 15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come) 16. “ When______you______the car ?” “ In 1998 . ”( buy ) 17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be） 18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do) 19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost) 二、选择最佳答案填空（ ）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow. A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be （）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing. A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be （）3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back. A.came https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f11879817.html,es C.have come D.will come （）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words. A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned （）5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room . A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried （）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him. A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing （）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4f11879817.html,es B. came C. will come D. would come （）8.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home. A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come （）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D.will be （）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be
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小学生语法专项练习题 名词练习 一.写出下列单数名词的复数形式 1.orange_______________ 2.box__________ 3.woman____________ 4.tomato________ 5.bus_______ 6.boy________ 7.baby _______ 8.watch_______ 9.photo________ 10.class_______ 11.foot________12.house________13.pen_______ 14.car________ 15.horse________ 16.radio_______ 17.dish________18.child________ 答案：1 oranges 2. Boxes 3. women 4. tomatoes 5.buses 6. boys 7babies 8.watches 9. Photos 10 classes 11. feet 12 houses 13 pens 14 cars 15 horses 16. radios 17 dishes 18 children 二.将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式 1.doctors_________ 2.cities_______ 3.pianos__________ 4..ears________ 5.churches_______ 6.leaves_________ 7.teeth________ 8.zoos____ 9.brushes ________ 10.knives__________11.men _________12.pears _________ 答案1. doctor 2 city 3 piano 4. ear 5. church 6. leaf 7 tooth 8zoo 9brush 10 knife 11.man 12 pear 三.请从括号里选出正确的答案 1. Please give me__（two /two cups of ）coffee. 2. There are a lot of___(sheep /sheeps ) on the farm. 3. I’d like some__ (bread / breads ) and___ (potato /potatoes). 4. Look! There is a ___(mouse /mice) in the corner. 5. He bought_____(a piece of /a piece ) paper. 6. “Where is___ (Woman’s / Women’s) Room?” asked Susan. 7. ____ (The girl’s/The girls’ ) hobby is drawing. 8. Aunt Lucy sent_____ (a child’s /a children’s ) book to me. 红色为答案 冠词练习