高中非谓语动词知识点汇总

非谓语动词知识点汇总

一、不定式:to do

1.特点

1）基本结构是：to + 动词原形

2）动词不定式没有人称和数的变化

3）在句子中可以做主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语2.时态与语态

1）时态

A.一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生；

B.完成式表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前；

C.进行式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行；

D.进行式表示在谓语动词的动作之前一直进行的动作。

2）语态

A.主动形式表示逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的执行者；

B.被动形式表示逻辑主语是其所表示的动作的承受着。

3.动词不定式可在句中的成分：

1）做主语

To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.

2）作宾语

Your father has aat last decided to stop smoking.作动词的宾语

I’m worried about how to pass the exam.作介词的宾语

3）作宾语补足语：

I was interested in astronomy and he asked me to give a presentation to the class.

使役动词（make,let,have等）与感官动词（watch,hear,feel,notice,see等）用于主动语态时，宾补的不定式to要省略，但被动语态中to不能省略。

My parents always make me do my homework before I go out.

常见是接to的不定式作宾补的动词有：

advise,allow,ask,cause,command,direct,encourage,expect,forbid,invite,order,permit,persuade,requ

est,teach,tell,want,beg,force,help

4）作表语：

Anyhow my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

5）做形容词的作用，动词不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面

I can’t think of any good advice to give her.(不定式和所修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系)

I am always the first person to get to the office(主谓关系)

His last appeal,to come and see her,went unanswered.(同位语)

That’s the way to do it.(状语关系)

6）作副词的作用：在句子中作目的，结果和原因状语

To make friends easily,you need to be very kind.(目的状语，常用于in order to, so as to.)

I’m not so stupid as to put in in writing.(结果状语，常用语so...to, such/so...as to, enough...to,only to, too...o)

I’m so excited to be here!（原因状语，常用于sorry,surprised,disappointed,excited,glad等表示情感的词后面）

7）作独立成分，独立于句子之外，表示说话者的态度，语气

To be honest, I don’t like him very much.

常用于独立成分的不定式：

to tell truth; to be honest; to put it briefly; to be frank; to begin/start with; to make things worse 4.动词不定式的复合结构

1）for sb句型: 通常使用表示客观情况的形容词，描述不定式的特征，性质。

这类形容词有：easy,difficult,important,necessary,possible,dangerous,hard,interesting,good

It is good for one to have self-knowledge.

2）of sb句型：使用表示主观态度或情感的形容词，描述主语的性质，身份，特征。

这类形容词有：nice,silly,selfish,honest,rude,careful,kind,friendly,wise

It is very friendly of you to help me when I’m in trouble.

5.疑问词+不定式：与疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose及疑问副词when,where,how等连用，在句中作主语，表语，宾语，宾补，同位语等。

I didn’t know how to get back to the village.

注意：why不能用于疑问词+不定式的结构

6.to的省略

1）感官动词和使役动词作宾补时

2）在介词but,except，表示除了……之意的单词前，若有实义动词do，作宾语的不定式省略to，若无do，

to不能省略。

I can do everything around the house except cook.（有do，省略to）

I have no choice but to accept the fact.(无do，加to)

3）help后不定式作宾补，to可有可无；但主语是表示物的名词或主语不能发出不定式的动作时要加to Your rich experience will help you to find a good job.

4）多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，to可省略；若表示对比关系，to不可省略

He refuses to spend time with us or do as we tell him.

They came not to save us,but to conquer us.

5）常见的省略to的不定式结构：had better do, would rather do, cannot but do, do nothing but do, have nothing to do but do,why(not)do

7.不定式后面动词的省略

1）为了避免重复，在hope,wish等动词短语后面出现的与上文相同的不定式，通常只保留不定式符号to，其他省略。这类动词有:hope,wish,want,like,love,decide,plan,mean,prefer,have to,be able to,be going to,used to ,ought to, would like to

We would not only be able to travel around the world,but also to study in any world famous university we want to.(省略了go to study)

2）不定式为to be或者to have done，不定式to后的do和have保留，其他省略

Aren’t you a lawyer? No,but I want to be.

Hasn’t he finished writing the report? No,but he ought to have.

二、动名词：v-ing

1.特点

1）具有动词和名词的特征

2）变否定时，其前加not

2.时态与语态

1）时态

一般式表示没有时间先后的动作，也可以表示与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之前或之后的动作完成式表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

2）语态

主动形式表示其逻辑主语是动作的执行者；被动形式表示其逻辑主语是动作的承受者。

3.在句子中的成分

1）动词性质

A.可接宾语：Finding jobs is difficult these days.

B.可用副词修饰:Getting up early in the morning is tough.

2）名词形式

A.作主语：常用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。

It is fun playing computer games.

常用句式: It is no use/good/harm doing, It is a waste of time doing, It is worthwhile doing

B.作动词和介词的宾语：常见动名词作宾语的动词和短语：enjoy,finish,keep,mind,advise,pay attention to,admit,stick to,feel like,look forward to,can’t help to,avoid

Do you feel like going for a swim?

After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly.

3）作定语：在意思上相当于“名词+for+doing”，常放在名词前面

No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris.

4）作表语：

My favorite part was seeing the bear in the mountains.

What you said is really inspiring.(形容词)

4.动名词的复合结构

当动名词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，要用动名词的复合结构，即在动名词前加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，有时也可用人称代词宾格或普通名词来代替。

Her coming to help encouraged all of us.

He suggested students going to school on foot.

三、现在分词：v-ing

1.特点：具有动词的某些性质。

2.时态和语态

1）时态

一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生；完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

2）语态

主动形式：逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者；被动形式表示逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者。

3.在句子中的成分

1）作定语：单个现在分词作定语放在修饰词之前，现在分词短语放在修饰词之后。

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