【英语】高考英语语法填空专题训练答案

【英语】高考英语语法填空专题训练答案

一、高中英语语法填空

1．Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Phone-surfing Results in More Purchases

Leaving your mobile phone at home when you go shopping could prevent mindless overspending, a new study suggests. Research from the University of Bath discovered that when people are distracted by their mobiles during a trip to the supermarket their shopping bills ________ rise by an average of 41 per cent. Attention-weakening devices also encourage shoppers to wander along more shelves, ________they come across more products.

In one study, 294 people aged between 18 and 73 at four Swedish supermarkets wore eye-tracking glasses throughout a shopping trip to measure where they went and ________they looked at. Their receipts were then used ________(assess) their spending. Those using a mobile phone spent on average ￡33.73 compared to an average of ￡23.91 for those who did not.

A second study of 117 shoppers found those with mobile phones spent longer in the store, ________(give) more attention to shelves. They also spent an average of ￡36. This study found shoppers using a mobile phone spent on average ￡36.16 on 20.85 items, compared to ￡25.59 on 13.22 products.

Dr Carl-Philip Ahlbom, of the University of Bath's School of Management said: "Business owners have tended to worry that mobiles distract shoppers from spending money, ________we were amazed to find completely the reverse effect." The findings were very clear - the more time you spend on your phone, the more money you'll part ________.

"So if you're trying to budget, ________(leave) your phone in your pocket. It's not the phone ________that causes more purchases, but its impact on our focus." Researchers believe people spend more because using a phone distracts people from their ________(plan) lists.

【答案】can/may/might；where；what；to assess；having given/giving；but；with；leave；itself；planned

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现手机上网会导致更多的购买行为。

（1）考查情态动词。句意：巴斯大学的研究发现，当人们在超市购物时被手机分心时，他们的购物账单平均会（可能）上涨41%。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据句意可知此处表示“会、可能”，故填 can/may/might。

（2）考查定语从句。句意：削弱注意力的设备也鼓励购物者在更多的货架之间走来走去，在那里他们会遇到更多的产品。此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词shelves 并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。

（3）考查宾语从句。句意：在一项研究中，瑞典四家超市的294名年龄在18岁至73岁之间的人在整个购物过程中都戴着眼睛跟踪眼镜，以测量他们去了哪里，看了什么。此处为宾语从句，从句中的looked at缺少宾语，故填what。

（4）考查非谓语动词。句意：然后他们的收据被用来评估他们的支出。sth.be used to do 表示“某物被用来做……”，故填to assess。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：第二项针对117名购物者的研究发现，那些拥有手机的人在商店里呆的时间更长，对货架的关注度更高。“关注货架”这一动作既可理解为与“呆在商店里”同时发生，也可理解为先于“呆在商店里”，所以既可用现在分词的一般式也可用现在分词的完成式作状语，故填having given/giving。

（6）考查连词。句意：企业主往往担心手机会分散购物者花钱的注意力，但我们惊奇地发现完全相反的效果。根据句意可知前后是转折关系，故填but。

（7）考查介词。句意：你在手机上花的时间越多，你花的钱就越多。part with固定短语“舍得、交出”，故填with。

（8）考查祈使句。句意：所以如果你想谨慎花钱的话，把手机放在口袋里。此处为祈使句，用动词原形，故填leave。

（9）考查代词。句意：不是手机本身导致了更多的购买行为，而是它对我们的注意力的影响。根据“the phone”可知此处指“它本身”，故填itself。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员认为，人们之所以花钱更多，是因为使用手机会分散人们对计划清单的注意力。lists与plan之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作定语，故填planned。

【点评】本题考点涉及情态动词，定语从句，宾语从句，非谓语动词，连词，介词，祈使句以及代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

2．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

As Alison Gopnik described in her recent book, there are two kinds of parents in modern America: The Carpenter and the Gardener. The "carpenter" thinks that his or her child can________(shape). "The idea is that if you just do the right things, get the right skills and read the right books, you're going to be able to turn your child ________a particular kind of adult，" she said

The "gardener", however is seldom concerned about ________ (control) what the child will become and instead provides a protected space ________explore). The style is all about:" creating a rich, nutritious but also variable, diverse, active ecosystem".

Gopnik, a psychology and philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley, said." Many parents are carpenters, and ________is really necessary for them to bring up their children." She spent decades researching children's development and finally ________(find) that parents often focused too much on what their children would be as adults. The harm is that parents and their children may become________ (anxiety), tense or unhappy.

"We're so concerned about our children ________ we think have difficulty mastering their own future that we're unwilling to allow them to ________ (free) explore the world." she says. The truth is that the ________ (little) that parents worry about outcomes, the better their children may live in life.

【答案】be shaped；into；controlling；to explore；it；found；anxious；who/that；freely；less

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了现代美国存在的木匠型父母和园丁型父母的特点。

（1）考查语态。句意:“木匠型”父母认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。可知，此处主语与动词之间为被动关系，又因为空前有情态动词can.。故填be shaped。

（2）考查介词。句意: “木匠型”父母认为他或她的孩子可以被塑造。turn .. into...固定短语，“将......变成......”，故填into。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意: 然而，“园丁型”父母很少关心孩子会变成什么样，而是提供一个受保护的探索空间。此处用所给词的动名词作介词about的宾语。故填controlling。（4）考查非谓语动词。句意: 然而，“园丁型”父母很少关心孩子会变成什么样，而是提供一个受保护的探索空间。此处用所给词的动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词space。故填to explore。

（5）考查代词。句意: 很多父母都是“木匠型”父母，对他们来说，把孩子抚养成人是非常必要的。此处为It's十形容词十for sb十to do sth”的结枸，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……”,在该句中是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。故填it。

（6）考查时态。句意: 她花了几十年的时间研究孩子的发展，最后发现父母往往过于关注孩子成年后的状况。根据并列连词and及前句中的谓语动词spent可知，此处用所给动词的一般过去式。故填found。

（7）考查形容词。句意: 危害在于父母和他们的孩子可能会感到焦虑，紧张或不快乐。此处用所给词的形容词作become的表语。故填anxious。

（8）考查定语从句。句意: 我们非常关心我们的孩子，我们认为他们很难掌握自己的未来，我们不愿意让他们自由探索世界。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语(we think是插入语)且先行词是our children，故此处用关系代词who/that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。

（9）考查副词。句意: 我们非常关心我们的孩子，我们认为他们很难掌握自己的未来，我们不愿意让他们自由探索世界。此处用所给词的副词修饰动词explore。故填freely。（10）考查形容词。句意: 事实是，父母越不担心结果，他们的孩子可能生活得越好。根据句意“事实是，父母对结果的担心越少，他们的孩子的生活就越好”可知，此处用所给形容词的比较级,且枸成“the十比较级,the十比较级”的结枸。故填less。

【点评】本题考点涉及语态，介词，非谓语动词，代词，时态，形容词，定语从句，副词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

3．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

More than half of former host cities for the Winter Olympics will be too hot________(deal)with such games by the end of this century. That is the prediction of a recent study.

It's not just the Olympics that________ (be) at risk now. "The world of winter sports is changing as the global climate continues warming," says Daniel Scott, ________climate-change researcher in Canada. He led a team of researchers, ________used math to predict how winter conditions will have changed by February 2050 and 2080. February is the month when the

Olympic winter games are________(typical) played．

Scott and his team forecast temperatures and snow cover for the 19 cities that have already hosted Winter Olympics, and two________(addition) cities: PyeongChang, South Korea，and Beijing, China, where the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held.

Scott's team________(start) with looking at historic winter conditions, and then used computer models to predict conditions in the future.________( they) model predicted that by2050，the average February temperatures in past Winter Olympic host cities will rise by 1.9 ________2.1 degrees Celsius. These temperatures can affect the quality of snow, thus________（increase)the chance of accidents.

【答案】 to deal；are；a；who；typically；additional；started；Their；to；increasing

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究预测，到本世纪末，一半以上的前冬奥会主办城市将会太热而无法举行这样的比赛。

（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：到本世纪末，一半以上的前冬奥会主办城市将因天气太热而无法举办此类赛事。too…to…固定句式，“太.....而不能.....”，故填to deal。

（2）考查主谓一致。句意：现在不仅是奥运会面临危险。本句the Olympics后面接的是定语从句，并且the Olympics在定语从句中做主语，定语从句谓语动词应和主语保持一致，用复数，故填are。

（3）考查冠词。句意：“随着全球气候持续变暖，冬季运动的世界正在发生变化，”加拿大的一个气候变化研究员，丹尼尔·斯科特说。本句中气候变化研究员为单数，应用冠词a 修饰，表示泛指一个，故填a。

（4）考查定语从句。句意：他领导了一组研究人员，他们用数学来预测到2050年2月和2080年冬天的情况会发生怎样的变化。空后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为 a team of researchers，指人，在从句中做主语，应用关系代词who，故填who。

（5）考查副词。句意：2月是冬季奥运会举行的典型月份。空中的词用来修饰谓语动词are played做状语，应用副词，故填typically。

（6）考查形容词。句意：斯科特和他的团队预测了已经举办冬奥会的19个城市的气温和积雪，以及另外两个城市：韩国平昌，和中国北京，2022年冬奥会将在那里举行。此处用来修饰名词cities作定语，应用形容词，故填additional。

（7）考查时态。句意：斯科特的研究小组开始研究了历史上的冬季情况，然后使用计算机模型来预测未来的情况。空中的词和used做并列谓语，时态应保持一致，都用一般过去时，故填started。

（8）考查代词。句意：他们的模型预测到2050年，过去冬奥会主办城市的2月份平均气温将上升1.9到2.1摄氏度。空中的词用来修饰名词作定语，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。

（9）考查介词。句意：他们的模型预测到2050年，过去冬奥会主办城市的2月份平均气温将上升1.9到2.1摄氏度。根据句意可知是“到”，故填to。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：这些温度会影响雪的质量，从而增加发生事故的机会。此处作状语，同它的逻辑主语these temperatures之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，填increasing。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，主谓一致，冠词，定语从句，副词，形容词，时态，代词以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

4．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nezha is the subject of the latest cartoon film, which ________ (official) opened in cinemas in China on July 26. Nezha has got wonderful reviews and is rated higher than Monkey King : Hero is Back. Since July 26, the film ________ (earn) more than 140 million yuan at the box office, and the film has a score of 8. 8 ________ (point) (out of 10) on China's largest filming rating site, Douban.

Yang Yu, ________is the director of it, made up his mind ________ (produce) a film on the theme of breaking old rules and changing fate. Yang chose Nezha as his character, the ________ (combine) of the rebellious (叛逆的)but straight youth. The film is loosely based on the Chinese novel The Investiture of the Gods. In the novel, Nezha is born during the Shang dynasty and is famous ________ fighting against the Dragon King.

It took Yang Yu two years to polish the script, and the film was in production for three years. It is ________most complex cartoon production ever ________ (make) in China. It has more than 1 ,300 special effects shots, and it took over 20 Chinese special effects studios, ________(employ) more than 1, 600 people, to realize the film's fairy tale setting, the mysterious Dragon King's palace. One spectacular scene alone took two months to complete.

【答案】officially；has earned；points；who；to produce；combination；for；the；made；employing

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，《哪吒》是7月26日在中国电影院正式上映的最新的一部动画片，该片的主题是打破旧规则和改变命运，其科技含量很高，获得了观众的好评。

（1）考查副词。句意：《哪吒》是7月26日在中国电影院正式上映的最新的一部动画片。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词opened的，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用副词，故填officially。

（2）考查时态。句意：自7月26日以来，该片票房收入超过1.4亿元。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语Since July 26可知，该句用现在完成时态，故填has earned。

（3）考查名词。句意：中国最大的电影点评网站豆瓣网给这部影片打了8.8分，满分是10分。point是可数名词，前面有数字8.8修饰，故用复数形式，填points。

（4）考查定语从句。句意：导演杨钰下定决心拍摄一部以打破旧规则、改变命运为主题的电影。分析句子结构可知，两个逗号之间为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yang Yu（人名），且从句缺主语。故填who。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：导演杨钰下定决心拍摄一部以打破旧规则、改变命运为主题的电影。make up one’s mind to do sth，固定短语，“下定决心去做某事”，故填to produce。

（6）考查名词。句意：杨选择了《哪吒》作为角色人物，它代表了叛逆但直率的青春。由空格前的定冠词the可以确定空格处应该填名词形式，故填combination。

（7）考查介词。句意：小说中，哪吒生于商朝，以对抗龙王而闻名。be famous for固定短语，“以……闻名”。故填for。

（8）考查形容词。句意：这是中国有史以来最复杂的动画片。根据后面的most complex 可知，它是最复杂的，前面要加上定冠词，故填the。

（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：这是中国有史以来最复杂的动画片。句中cartoon production和动词make是被动关系，应使用过去分词表被动，作cartoon production的定语。故填made。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：电影有1300多个特效镜头，雇用1600多人，来实现影片的童话场景的布置。本句谓语动词为“has和took over”，所以空格处动词employ应使用非谓语动词形式。“雇佣”这个动作是由it发出的，所以使用现在分词形式。故填employing。【点评】本题考点涉及副词，时态，名词，定语从句，非谓语动词，介词，形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

5．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

A program called Everlasting Classics is becoming ________ (increase) popular. The program, ________ combines Chinese traditional poetry with music, was launched by China Central Television (CCTV) in 2018.

And it became a great hit soon after the program ________ (show) on CCTV 1. It was hosted by Sa Beining, ________ CCTV host loved by the audience, and the Appreciation Group in the group included Professor Kang Zen from Beijing Normal University, Dean of the China Conservatory of Music, Wang Liguang, the famous hostess Zeng Baoyi and the well-known singer Yu Chengqing. Together, they led the audience to interpret and appreciate many classic Chinese poems, enjoying the ________ (beautiful) that the poems brought to the audience. Moreover, the poems were adapted into songs, which were sung by famous singers, like Zhang Jie, Wang Yuan, etc, ________ (make) the program more spellbinding.

In Season 1 of the program, one of the ________ (attract) songs was Butterfly Lovers (《梁祝》). An 88-year-old pianist called Wu Yili played the music with the famous violinist Lv Siqing. The melodious music moved many of the audience ________ tears. In recent years, CCTV has produced many programs ________ (spread) traditional Chinese culture, including Chinese Poetry Competition ________ Everlasting Classics. Thanks to these programs, many people set off a craze for the study of Chinese culture.

【答案】increasingly；which；was shown；a；beauty；making；most attractive；to；to spread；and

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国中央电视台为推广中国传统文化而制作的节目《经典咏流传》，并正变得越来越受欢迎。

（1）考查副词。句意：电视节目经典咏流传正变得越来越受欢迎。此处为副词修饰形容

词popular, 故填increasingly。

（2）考查定语从句。句意：这个结合了中国传统诗歌和音乐的节目在2018年由中国中央电视台推出。根据句意可知_____ combines Chinese traditional poetry with music,为定语从句修饰先行词the program, 从句中缺主语，并且在非限制性定语从句中不能用that,因此只能用which。故填which。

（3）考查时态语态。句意：在央视一台播放之后，这个节目立刻就大获成功。由after引导的时间状语从句中的主语the program与show构成动宾关系，且根据时间状语in 2018可知此处应用一般过去式的被动语态。故填was shown。

（4）考查冠词。句意：这个节目由撒贝宁主持，他是一名很受观众喜欢的央视主持人。（单数）名词或名词短语作同位语时，往往前面使用不定冠词,且CCTV首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。

（5）考查名词。句意：他们领着观众解释并欣赏很多经典的中国诗歌，享受着诗歌给大家带来的美。enjoy the beauty. “欣赏......的美”，此处应用名词。故填beauty。（

6）考查非谓语动词。句意：这些诗歌还被改编成歌曲，由一些著名歌手演唱，是这个节目更加令人着迷。根据句意可知_______ (make) the program more spellbinding.为结果状语，且前面主句与make构成主谓关系，因此应用现在分词。故填making。

（7）考查形容词。句意：在这个节目第一季中，最吸引人的是歌曲《梁祝》。结合句意可知此处考查结构：one of+最高级，意为“最......的之一”。attractive有吸引力的。故填most attractive。

（8）考查介词。句意：悦耳的旋律把观众都感动哭了。move sb. to tears/be moved to tears 固定短语，“把…感动哭、被感动哭了”。故填to。

（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：近些年来，中央电视台制作了很多节目推广中国传统文化，包括《中国诗歌大赛》和《经典咏流传》。根据句意可知此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to spread。

（10）考查连词。句意：近些年来，中央电视台制作了很多节目推广中国传统文化，包括《中国诗歌大赛》和《经典咏流传》。根据句意可知此处为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。

【点评】本题考点涉及副词，定语从句，时态语态，冠词，名词，非谓语动词，形容词，介词以及连词等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

6．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Car registration plates (牌照) are just a series of numbers and letters, right? Well, yes…but not for everyone.

France was the first country ________ (introduce) plates in 1893. Early number plates differed ________ shape and size, and were made of lots of different materials, including iron, cardboard and even pressed soybeans. In fact, it was not until 1957 ________ car manufacturers and the governments agreed on standardized plates. ________ was first registered in the UK was A1. The letter "A" showed the number was from London, while the number "1" showed it was the first

number issued. At the moment, number plates ________ (consist) of a sequence of letters and numbers are applied in the UK.

Different EU countries also use different arrangements of numbers and letters, and ________ (they) systems have changed many times because these letter-number ________ (combine) keep running out. In the past decades, some number plates ________ (become) extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. ________ (basic), numbers on the plates can be used to represent words or parts of words. For example, "NVERLA8" means "Never Late". And the most ________ (expense) number ever was "M1" which an anonymous buyer has acquired for ￡331,000.

【答案】to introduce；in；that；What；consisting；their；combinations；have become；Basically；expensive

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了车牌的发展史，包括材质、形状以及车牌上数字和字母所代表的含义等。

（1）考查非谓语动词。句意：1893年，法国是第一个引入车牌的国家。分析句子可知，此处为固定句型“be+形容词+to do sth.”，故填to introduce。

（2）考查介词。句意：早期车牌在形状和大小上都不相同。differ in固定短语，“在……方面不同”，故填in。

（3）考查强调句型。句意：事实上，直到1957年，汽车制造商和政府才就标准化车牌达成一致。分析句子可知，此处为强调句型“it is/was not until…that…”，意为“直到……才”，故填that。

（4）考查主语从句。句意：在英国首次注册的是A1。分析句子可知，此句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，因此需要连接代词what做主语，且在句首需大写，故填What。

（5）考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，由一系列字母和数字组成的车牌在英国适用。分析句子可知，number plates与consist是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词作定语，故填consisting。

（6）考查代词。句意：不同的欧盟国家之间也使用不同的数字和字母安排，他们的系统已经改变了很多次，因为这些字母和数字的组合在不断耗尽。修饰名词systems需用形容词性物主代词，故填their。

（7）考查名词。句意：不同的欧盟国家之间也使用不同的数字和字母安排，他们的系统已经改变了很多次，因为这些字母和数字的组合在不断耗尽。these为修饰可数名词复数的指示代词，应使用名词复数。故填combinations。

（8）考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，一些车牌变得极其宝贵，特别是那些拼出单词的车牌。分析句子可知，in the past decades一般与现在完成时连用，主语some number plates是复数概念，故填have become。

（9）考查副词。句意：基本上，盘子上的数字可以表示单词或部分单词。分析句子可知，修饰整个句子时要使用副词，故填Basically。

（10）考查形容词。句意：有史以来，最贵的一个车牌是一名匿名买家以331000英镑购买的M1。分析句子可知，修饰名词number需用形容词，故填expensive。

【点评】本题考点涉及非谓语动词，介词，强调句，主语从句，代词，名词，时态，副词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础

上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

7．阅读下面材料.在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Many people take the idea of saving money very seriously. Back in 1924, in Italy, a group of people________ (think) the inability to resist spending a major social problem. They had the idea of starting a day to remind people to put away some money for a rainy day. This is how World Saving Day, held on Oct 31st ________(annual), was started, and it's still going strong in 2019.

Not surprisingly, a movement ________(target) the poor was started. People in the underdeveloped world are more open ________ calls to be careful with money. But ________ idea of being thrifty (节俭)has also become popular among the rich. Take Mark Zuckerberg for example. The Facebook founder, one of the world's ________(rich) people, doesn't spend very much money on himself.

Other people don't spend money because they don't like the culture of ________(consume). This is connected to the view ________ we should make ourselves happy through the activities we take part in, rather than with what we buy.

But however we view money moderate ________ (spend) is certainly a good idea when we are still too young to get a job. There is a British saying that offers some good advice in this situation: "Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after ________(they)."

【答案】thought；annually；targeting；to；the；richest；consumption；that；spending；themselves

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，如今人们对待金钱的看法，许多人非常认真地对待存钱的想法，节俭的观念也在富人中流行起来。就此作者建议太年轻找不到工作的时候应当适度消费。

（1）考查时态。句意：早在1924年，在意大利，一群人认为无力抵制消费是一个重大的社会问题。结合上文in 1924可知应用一般过去时。故填thought。

（2）考查副词。句意：每年10月31日举行的世界储蓄日就是这样开始的，2019年仍将保持强劲势头。修饰动词hold应用副词。故填annually。

（3）考查非谓语动词。句意：毫不奇怪，一场针对穷人的运动开始了。分析句子结构可知target在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语movement构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填targeting。

（4）考查介词。句意：欠发达国家的人们更愿意接受小心花钱的呼吁。be open to固定短语，“愿意接受……的”。故填to。

（5）考查冠词。句意：但节俭的观念也在富人中流行起来。idea为可数名词，此处特指“节俭的观念”，应用定冠词。故填the。

（6）考查形容词。句意：这位Facebook的创始人，世界上最富有的人之一，并没有在自己身上花很多钱。结合句意表示“世界上最富有的人之一”应用形容词最高级。故填richest。

（7）考查名词。句意：其他人不花钱是因为他们不喜欢消费文化。of为介词，后跟名词做宾语，表示“消费”，故填consumption。

（8）考查同位语从句。句意：这与这样一种观点有关:我们应该通过参与活动而不是通过买东西来让自己快乐。本句为同位语从句修饰先行词view，且从句中不缺少成分应用that。故填that。

（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：但无论我们如何看待金钱，在我们还太年轻找不到工作的时候，适度的消费肯定是一个好主意。moderate为形容词修饰名词，表示“消费”，此处使用动名词。故填spending。

（10）考查代词。句意：在这种情况下，英国有句谚语提供了一些很好的建议:“积少成多”谚语Look after the pennies, and the pounds will look after themselves.“积少成多”，此处指代主语pounds，应使用反身代词。故填themselves。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态，副词，非谓语动词，介词，冠词，形容词，名词，同位语从句以及代词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

8．阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Jackie Robinson made his debut (初次露面) with the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15,1947, and broke the color barrier ________African Americans in baseball.

"It was the most ________ (eager) expected debut in the history of the national pastime," sports author Robert wrote. "It ________(represent) both the dream and the fear of equal opportunity, ________ it would change forever the color of the game and the attitudes of Americans."

________quietly tolerating harsh racist treatment from baseball fans and team members________(like), Robinson rose to Rookie of the Year and proved himself to be one of the most________(talent) and fiercest players in the game. Just two years into the Major Leagues, Robinson won the National League Most Valuable Player Award. He'd go on to play in six World Series and helped give the Dodgers ________ World Series win in 1955.

Off the field, Robinson was a forefather of the Civil Rights Movement, speaking out against ________ (race) discrimination and ________ (push) baseball to use its economic influence to fight against racialism.

【答案】 for；eagerly；represented；and；After；alike；talented；a；racial；pushing

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，杰基·罗宾逊于1947年4月15日在布鲁克林道奇队首次亮相，并在棒球比赛中为非裔美国人打破了肤色障碍。

（1）考查介词。句意：杰基·罗宾逊于1947年4月15日在布鲁克林道奇队首次亮相，并在棒球比赛中为非裔美国人打破了肤色障碍。表示“为……”，所以填for。

（2）考查副词。句意：这是这项全国性运动历史上最受期待的首次亮相。该空修饰形容词expected，用副词，所以填eagerly。

（3）考查时态。句意：它代表了机会均等的梦想和恐惧，它将永远改变比赛的颜色和美国人的态度。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，所以填represented。

（4）考查连词。句意：它代表了机会均等的梦想和恐惧，它将永远改变比赛的颜色和美国人的态度。表示并列关系，所以填and。

（5）考查连词。句意：在默默忍受了球迷和队友的种族歧视之后，罗宾逊成为了年度最佳新秀，并证明了自己是比赛中最有天赋和最勇猛的球员之一。根据句意文中表示“在……之后”，句子第一个单词的首字母大写，所以填After。

（6）考查副词。句意：在默默忍受了球迷和队友的种族歧视之后，罗宾逊成为了年度最佳新秀，并证明了自己是比赛中最有天赋和最勇猛的球员之一。表示“两者都，同样地”，所以填alike。

（7）考查形容词。句意：在默默忍受了球迷和队友的种族歧视之后，罗宾逊成为了年度最佳新秀，并证明了自己是比赛中最有天赋和最勇猛的球员之一。该空修饰名词players，用形容词，所以填talented。

（8）考查冠词。句意：他后来参加了六次世界大赛，并帮助道奇队在1955年赢得了一次世界大赛。文中泛指“一次世界大赛”，World的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。（9）考查形容词。句意：在球场之外，罗宾逊是民权运动的鼻祖，公开反对种族歧视，推动棒球运动利用其经济影响力对抗种族主义。该空修饰名词discrimination，用形容词，所以填racial。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：在球场之外，罗宾逊是民权运动的鼻祖，公开反对种族歧视，推动棒球运动利用其经济影响力对抗种族主义。介词against之后，用v+ing形式，所以填pushing。

【点评】本题考点涉及介词，副词，时态，连词，形容词，冠词，非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

9．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now. Thousands of sharks are dying as ________result of people's false beliefs.

Female sharks need males to make babies. Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves and have young sharks ________a male shark. That's something ________(common) seen in plants and insects like ants and bees.

Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup ________(believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. ________modern scientists point out that shark tissue (组织)can be extremely high in poison. What's more, shark fishing kills up to 100 million animals each year, ________(endanger) several different species.

If you're bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely ________(die) from a lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museum's International Shark Attack File (ISAF). "Even if you are bitten, the large ________(major) of people survive", says Dr. Chapman. There ________(be) sixty-six unprovoked(无端的)shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of ________were dangerous, according to the ISAF.

【答案】a；without；commonly；is believed；But/Yet；endangering；to die；majority；were；which

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人们过去对鲨鱼的误解，唤醒人们要有保护动物意识。

（1）考查冠词。句意：由于人们的错误观念，成千上万的鲨鱼正在死亡。as a result of固定短语，“作为……的结果”。故填a。

（2）考查介词。句意：一些雌性鲨鱼有能力自己繁殖后代，并且在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨。根据上文Some female sharks have the ability to produce a baby by themselves 可知，此处指“雌性鲨鱼在没有雄性鲨鱼的情况下产下幼鲨”，应使用介词without“没有”。故填without。

（3）考查副词。句意：这种情况在植物和昆虫中很常见，比如蚂蚁和蜜蜂。此处修饰过去分词seen，应使用副词形式。故填commonly。

（4）考查时态语态。句意：传统上，鱼翅汤被认为对健康有益，在中国很特别。believe 与shark fin soup是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态；此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故填is believed。

（5）考查连词。句意：但现代科学家指出，鲨鱼组织是非常厉害的毒药。根据语境可知，此处前后句是转折关系，应使用转折连词but/yet“但是”。故填But/Yet。

（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：更重要的是，捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只，危及几个不同的物种。“捕捞鲨鱼每年杀死多达1亿只”危及几个不同的物种，endanger的逻辑主语是整个前句描述的内容，此处与前句内容是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词作结果状语。故填endangering。

（7）考查非谓语动词。句意：根据佛罗里达博物馆的国际鲨鱼攻击档案（ISAF），人们死于雷击的可能性是鲨鱼咬的两倍多。be likely to do sth.固定短语，“可能做某事”。故填to die。

（8）考查名词。句意：“即使被咬了，大多数人还是活下来了”，查普曼博士说。根据空前形容词及空后介词of可知，此处使用名词。故填majority。

（9）考查时态。句意：根据国际安全援助部队的数据，2018年全世界共发生了66起无端的鲨鱼咬伤事件，其中只有6起是危险的。根据in 2018可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时；there be句型主谓一致遵循“就近原则”，由sixty-six unprovoked（无端的）shark bite incidents可知，此处be动词应使用复数形式。故填were。

（10）考查定语从句。句意：根据国际安全援助部队的数据，2018年全世界共发生了66起无端的鲨鱼咬伤事件，其中只有6起是危险的。此处是带有介词的定语从句，先行词是sixty-six unprovoked（无端的）shark bite incidents，关系词在介词之后，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。

【点评】本题考点涉及冠词，介词，副词，时态语态，连词，名词以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

10．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The silent killer — air pollution causes seven million premature (过早的) ________(death) a year, not just in________(develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as well. In China，people are well aware of the health problems it brings.

I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike________when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my________(perform) at work. A new research in china has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the study, 25,000 people living across China________(test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those________lived in more polluted areas were________ (negative) impacted, especially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the lungs and heart________on the brain.

This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the ________ (many) problems we're storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will persuade the British government________(think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.

【答案】deaths；developing；it；performance；were tested；who；negatively；but；more；to think

【解析】【分析】本文是一则新闻报道，无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡，不仅在发展中国家，在英国和美国也是如此。最新研究表明，我们接触空气污染的时间越长，我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。

（1）考查名词。句意：无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡，不仅在发展中国家，在英国和美国也是如此。此处death“死亡的人数”，是可数名词，结合句意可知此处用复数形式，故填deaths。

（2）考查形容词。句意：无声杀手——空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡，不仅在发展中国家，在英国和美国也是如此。此处是“发展中的”，是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，故填developing。

（3）考查代词。句意：我不喜欢空气不好的时候。此处it是形式宾语，when引导的从句是真正的宾语，故填it。

（4）考查名词。句意：我认为这确实会影响我的工作表现。此处my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故填performance。

（5）考查时态语态。句意：在这项研究中，去年对中国各地的2.5万人进行了语言和数学技能测试。此处句子主语people，集体名词，和谓语动词test之间是一种被动关系，再根据In the study，是过去的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故填were tested。（6）考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，那些生活在污染更严重地区的人的结果受到了负面影响，尤其是在语言方面。此处those是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填who。

（7）考查副词。句意：他们发现，那些生活在污染更严重地区的人的结果受到了负面影响，尤其是在语言方面。此处impacted是动词，由副词修饰，故填negatively。

（8）考查固定短语。句意：越来越多的证据表明，空气污染不仅会影响肺部和心脏，还会影响大脑。not just/only...but（also）...。固定短语，“不但......而且.....”,故填but。

（9）考查形容词。句意：这项研究表明，我们接触空气污染的时间越长，我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。the+比较级，the+比较级，固定句式，“越......，越......。”故填more。

（10）考查非谓语动词。句意：活动家希望这项研究能说服英国政府在明年公布其清洁空

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