SCIENCE IN THE NEWS - High Hopes Travel with Newest Flight to Explore Mars
SCIENCE IN THE NEWS - High Hopes Travel with Newest Flight to Explore Mars
By Jerilyn Watson, Caty Weaver and Cynthia Kirk
Broadcast: Tuesday, August 23, 2005
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Bob Doughty.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Barbara Klein. On our program this week, we will tell about the man who first confirmed a link between smoking and lung cancer. We also will talk about a large study of vaccines – those medicines used to protect against disease.
VOICE ONE:
But first, we report on a flight to the planet Mars.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
An American spacecraft is traveling to Mars to collect information
about the red planet. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter left Cape
Canaveral in Florida on August twelfth. An Atlas V launch rocket sent
the orbiter on its trip to Mars. The space vehicle is expected to arrive
in March of next year. It is to orbit the planet for at least four years.
The orbiter was designed to tell scientists about the weather, climate
and surface of Mars. The American space agency hopes to get as
much information from it as from all earlier trips to Mars combined.
VOICE TWO:
Space agency scientists praised the launch. The huge rocket that lifted the orbiter from Earth dropped into the Atlantic Ocean after about four minutes. Less than an hour after the launch, the orbiter separated from the upper rocket, as planned. Then the vehicle quickly established radio communication with its controllers.
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
The launch came two days after the space shuttle Discovery returned safely to Earth. Space agency officials had planned to launch the orbiter on August tenth. But technical problems caused delays.
VOICE ONE:
The orbiter's operations are costing more than seven million dollars. The space vehicle will do two main kinds of work. Each will last about two years. Its first job is to study ice on Mars. Scientists say they believe that long ago, the planet was warm and wet. As such, Mars might have supported living things. Now it is dry and cold. There are large areas of frozen water at the opposite ends of Mars. Scientists hope to learn if people could survive conditions there.
Instruments on the orbiter are to examine the atmosphere, surface and below-surface areas of the planet. Two cameras will show images and provide maps of Martian weather. A device called a spectrometer will identify minerals on the ground. Another device, a radiometer, is to measure dust in the atmosphere. Radar that can show areas under the surface of ice and rocks also will be used. The Italian Space Agency supplied the radar.
VOICE TWO:
The orbiter's second job is to communicate messages between Earth and mechanical devices on Mars. The American space agency has two robotic explorers operating on the planet. The robots Spirit and Opportunity were launched in two thousand three. They can send information to Earth and also receive messages. They do this with the help of satellites placed in orbit around the planet.
Information from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is expected to help the space agency decide where to land two more robot-explorers. A device called the Phoenix Mars Scout will search for organic chemicals. It will be launched in two thousand seven. The Mars Science Laboratory is to be launched two years later.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Researchers in Denmark say a large study of Danish children shows that vaccines do not weaken a child's natural defense system against disease. Doctor Anders Hviid of the Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen led the study.
The scientists examined medical histories of more than eight hundred thousand children. The boys and girls were born in Denmark between nineteen ninety and two thousand one. They all took part in a national vaccination program to prevent common childhood diseases. The program provides children with protective medicines every few months for their first eighteen months of life. Then they receive additional vaccines each year until they are five.
VOICE TWO:
Some health experts had questioned whether the large number of vaccinations could damage the body's natural defense system. There was special concern about combination vaccinations, like the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. These are three vaccines mixed together in one
injection.
Some people have been concerned that the vaccinations might make the immune system work too hard and weaken it. They thought this could leave a child more at risk for diseases not targeted by the vaccines.
VOICE ONE:
The Danish researchers looked at the children's rates of hospital admissions for treatment of infectious diseases not targeted by the vaccines. Such diseases included diarrhea and the lung infection, pneumonia.
The researchers say they found no increased risk for hospitalizations in the weeks following vaccinations. They found that none of the six kinds of vaccines the children received increased the risk for seven other major infectious diseases.
Some children's health experts say the study provides more evidence that vaccines are safe. They say the results should make parents feel sure about getting their children vaccinated. The study was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
For years, scientists have warned that smoking tobacco is bad for your
health. Many studies have linked smoking to lung cancer. One of the
British scientists who first confirmed the link died last month. Richard Doll
was ninety-two years old. Officials at Oxford University say he died after a
brief sickness.
Professor Doll has been praised as one of the most important medical
scientists of the twentieth century. His work has been recognized around the world. His studies into the health effects of smoking are said to have saved the lives of millions of people.
The United Nations World Health Organization estimates that one thousand three hundred million people worldwide use tobacco products. Officials estimate that tobacco use is responsible for about five million deaths a year.
VOICE ONE:
William Richard Shaboe Doll was born in nineteen twelve in Hampton, England. He began studying medicine after failing a mathematics test. He studied at Saint Thomas's Hospital Medical School in London.
Richard Doll served in the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War Two. After the war, he started work at Britain's Medical Research Council. While there, he was asked to investigate why a growing number of people had developed lung cancer.
At first, Professor Doll thought that gasses released from automobiles was the cause. He and
other research scientists questioned hundreds of lung cancer patients to find a common link. They found that the only thing the patients had in common was smoking.
VOICE TWO:
Professor Doll worked with Austin Bradford Hill of the Medical Research Council. They showed that smoking is a major cause of lung cancer. They also showed the risk of developing lung cancer was directly linked to the number of cigarettes smoked.
Their findings were announced in nineteen fifty-one and confirmed in a study published three years later. In nineteen fifty-seven, the Medical Research Council officially accepted the direct causal connection between smoking and lung cancer.
VOICE ONE:
Professor Doll said he himself stopped smoking because of the findings. He would later produce more evidence of the direct link.
He also showed that smoking could cause many other kinds of cancer and diseases. He investigated evidence linking alcoholic drinking with breast cancer. He studied the harmful effects of radiation. He also wrote papers on electric power lines and peptic ulcers.
Professor Doll was named the top professor of medicine at Oxford University in nineteen sixty-nine. Ten years later, he helped to create Green College, a college for the study of medicine. VOICE TWO:
Professor Doll received many awards throughout his life. The World Health Organization honored him for his work. In nineteen seventy-one, Queen Elizabeth made him a knight, one of Britain's highest honors.
Last year, Sir Richard Doll released a follow up study to the one published more than half a century earlier. The study showed that as many as two thirds of people who begin smoking when they are young will later die as a result of the activity.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
This SCIENCE IN THE NEWS program was written by Cynthia Kirk, Jerilyn Watson and Caty Weaver. Cynthia Kirk was our producer. I'm Bob Doughty.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Barbara Klein. Join us again next week at this time for more news about science in VOA Special English.
Unit 4 Making the news教案
Unit 4 Making the news Period 1 Warming up and reading Teaching aims: 知识目标 1. Let students talk about jobs in newspapers and what is needed to work in a newspaper office. 2.Have students read the passage and know about Zhou Yang's first work assignment. 能力目标 Develop students' reading ability and let them learn different reading skills. 情感目标 Stimulate students' interest in newspaper and the basic procedure of making the news. Teaching important points: 1.Let students talk about jobs in newspapers and what is needed to work in a newspaper office. 2.Have students learn different reading skills. Teaching difficult points: 1.Develop students reading ability. 2.Let students talk about what is needed to work in a newspaper office. Teaching methods: Task-based teaching and learning & Discussion. Teaching Procedures Step 1 Lead in Show students some pictures and talk about where we can get the news from all over the world? News: five forms of the news media. Step 2 warming up 1.Do you know how to make the news? Can you tell some jobs in a newspaper company? What are their jobs involves? Types of jobs What it involves Reporter/ journalist Interview people or finds out events from onlookers Photographer Takes photos of important people or events Editor Makes sure the writing is clear, concise and accurate, check facts Designer Lays out the articles and photographs
Unit 4 Making the news重点词汇详解
高二必修5 Unit 4 Making the news重点词汇详解 新课标人教版高二第五模块第四单元单词解读 （Making the News） 1.eager(keen, anxious) adj. 热切的；渴望的(after, about, for) The boy was eager for success. 男孩子急于获得成功。 He is eager for his parents to meet his girlfriends. 他盼望他的父母去见他的女朋友。 The saleswoman in the shop is always eager to please everybody. "商店里的那个女售货员总是十分殷勤,希望使人人满意。" 【习惯用语】 be eager for 渴望, 渴求, 争取 be eager about 渴望, 渴求, 争取 be eager after 渴望, 渴求, 争取 be eager to do 急欲, 渴望做 【参考词汇】 eager /keen /anxious 意思都含“渴望的”。 eager指“以巨大的热情渴望实现愿望或达到目的的”, 有时也指“由于其他感情影响而表现急不可耐的”, 如: He was eager to see her. 他渴望见到她。 keen 指“对某人、某物怀有极大兴趣或热情的”, 如: They were keen to win. 他们急于取胜。 anxious 指“热切地希望实现愿望,并因顾虑愿望落空而心情不安,感到焦虑的”, 如: l'm anxious to know the final result. 我急于想知道最后的结果。 eagerly adv. eagerness n. 2.work/task/ duty/job/responsibility 【参考词汇】 work 常指正式职业和职位的经常性、一般性工作，不含有“艰巨”、“沉重”等意思。是不可数名词。at work在工作 work hard at努力工作（或学习）；out of work失业。My work is as a doctor.我当医生（职业）。 task 一般指必须完成的“任务”, 是可数名词。如: Mother set me the task of sweeping the floor.母亲把扫地的任务交给了我。task 往往含有“艰巨”、“沉重”等意思。而work 除另有修饰语外不含此种意思。 duty指“道义上的责任”, 较强调“自觉性”, 如: Every citizen has the duty to construct his country. 每个公民都有建设祖国的责任。 job指“活、事、一份工作”时是可数名词,多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动，尤指作为某人的手艺、行业或职业的工作。可数。Washing the windows is not my job. 洗窗子不是我的事儿（任务）。习惯表达: a good job一件好事lose one's job失业be out of a job失业do a
必修unitmakingthenews课文原文
My first work assignment “Unforgettable”, says new journalist Never will I Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin(HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Dou you have any questions? ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately? HX: (laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experience journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera. HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photography with you to take photographs. Yo u’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested. ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. HX: Good. ZY: what do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story? HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask as many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “noose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. ZY: What should I keep in mind? HX: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’t miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully. ZY: Why is listening so important? HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes? HX: That is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story. ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalist of getting the wrong end of the stick? HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money or deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were skeptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong. He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right. ZY: Wow! That was a real “scoop”. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now. Perhaps I’ll get a scoop too! HX: Perhaps you will. You never know.
Unit 4 Making the news知识点总结
Book 5 Unit 4 Making the news 一、重点词汇总结 1.concentrate：vi. 聚精会神，集中思想，多与on 和upon 或连用; Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。 A driver should concentrate on the road when driving. 司机开车的时候应该集中注意力在路上。 Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country. 工业发展主要集中在本国的西部地区。 2.acquire：vt. 获得, 学到，取得，拥有；分词：acquired, acquiring； She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.她通过认真学习获得英语知识。 Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born. 一些香烟和酒精饮料的口味不是天然的，而是加工获得的。 3.accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责，指控;分词：accused, accusing； The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。 She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎. He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪. 4.be of interest/ importance/value/use/help,… = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful... ，……是感兴趣的/重要的/有价值的/有用的/有帮助的…… This is a matter of great importance. 这是一件非常重要的事。 The book is of great value to me. 这本书对我来说有很大价值。 There is nothing interesting/of interest in today's newspaper. 今天的报纸没什么有趣的内容。 5.Journalist：n.新闻记者；新闻工作者 He is a professional journalist. 他是一位专门的新闻从业人员 6.Delighted：a. 高兴的, 快乐的。 I am really delighted. 我真的很高兴。关联词语：delight n. 高兴, 愉快；vt. 使高兴, 乐于；vi. 感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)
必修5 Unit 4 Making the news教学设计
必修5 Unit 4 Making the news教学设计 教材分析 I．教学内容分析 本单元的中心话题是“新闻”，内容涉及新闻工作者应该具备的素质和新闻采访的基本程序等。语言技能和语言知识主要围绕“新闻”这一中心话题进行设计的。 W arming up部分通过讨论来引出报社各工作人员的工作类别和所负的责任。关键在于What’s the job?和What it involves? Pre-reading部分首先通过一个调查问卷来引导学生去考虑一个优秀的记者应该具备的素质；然后引导学生谈他们难忘的经历和感受；最后通过一个“假设”为下一部分的学习做好准备。 Reading部分通过Zhou Yang,一个跃跃欲试的新手和他的上司Hu Xin, 一个经验丰富的资深记者之间的谈话引导学生了解新闻工作者应该具备的素质，新闻采访的基本程序及采访时应该注意的要点等。 Comprehending设计了四个教学活动来加深学生对“阅读”（Comprehending）部分的理解和复习。 第一个活动要求学生根据要求，通过阅读找到所需要的信息，重新组织后再呈现出来。 第二个活动要求学生把阅读部分分成三个小节，并说明每个小节的要点。 第三个活动通过形容词归类进一步去引导学生思考一个优秀的文字记者和摄影记者应该具备的素质。 第四个活动要求学生朗读后半部分对话，练习句子重音和语调。 Learning about language 归纳和运用了本单元的一些重点词汇和语法。 Using language部分涵盖了听，说，读，写四项语言基本技能。 第一部分学生首先通过阅读“获得‘独家新闻’”一文。写出“新闻”报道的步骤和见报前的有关程序，然后讨论这位“影星”可能说了什么谎话。 第二部分首先听一段对篮球明星姚明的采访。随后的练习设计既训练了学生获取要点的能力，又引导学生如何获取细节。 最后要求学生通过开展两人对话活动复习巩固有关交际功能“约会”的用语。 Summing up部分归纳了本单元的主要学习内容并引导学生对学习效果进行自我检测。 Learning tip部分建议学生尽可能多的阅读一些适合于中学生的英文报纸。教师不妨
必修makingthenews课文原文
必修 m a k i n g t h e n e w s课 文原文 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
M y f i r s t w o r k a s s i g n m e n t “Unforgettable”, says new journalist Never will I Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin(HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. HX: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Dou you have any questions? ZY: Can I go out on a story immediately? HX: (laughing) That’s admirable, but I’m afraid it would be unusual! Wait till you’re more experienced. First we’ll put you as an assistant to an experience journalist. Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself. ZY: Wonderful! What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera. HX: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photography with you to take photographs. Yo u’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested. ZY: Thank you. Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills. HX: Good. ZY: what do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story? HX: You need to be curious. Only if you ask as many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good “noose” for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story. ZY: What should I keep in mind? HX: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’t miss your deadline, don’t be rude, don’t talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully. ZY: Why is listening so important? HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says. ZY: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes? HX: That is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you. You have the evidence to support your story. ZY: I see! Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalist of getting the wrong end of the stick? HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago. This is how the story goes. A footballer was accused of taking money or deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win. We went to interview him. He denied taking money but we were skeptical. So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him. When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer’s body language that he was not telling the truth. So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty. It was a dilemma because the
Unit4Makingthenews
Unit4Makingthenews unit 4 making the news一. 教学目标(teaching aims)1. 能力目标(ability aim)enable the ss to recognize the variety of jobs there are in newspapers and what is needed to work in a newspaper office.enable the ss to know what is needed to become a reporter and how to conduct an interview.2.. 语言目标(language aim)重点词汇和短语occupation, do research, on one’s own, cover, concentrate on, acquire, accuse…of, so as to, scoop重点句子1) not till you are more experienced!2) you’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on.3) not only am i interested in photography, but i took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me.4) only if you ask many questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 5) we say a good reporter must have a “nose”for a story.6) this is a trick of the trade.7) have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick?8) perhaps i too will get a scoop!二. 教学重难点(teaching important points)know what is needed to
_Unit4_Making_the_News_全单元教案
Period 1 Reading Ⅰ. Teaching aims: 1. Target language occupation, do research, on one’s own, cover, concentrate on, acquire, accuse…of, so as to, scoop 1)Not till you are more experienced! 2)You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you and if you are interested in photography, it may be possible for you to concentrate on that later on. 3)Not only am I interested in photography, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me. 4)Only if you ask many questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. 5)We say a good reporter must have a “nose” for a story. 6)This is a trick of the trade. 7)Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the stick? 8)Perhaps I too will get a scoop! 2. Ability goal 1)Enable the students to talk about qualities needed to be a good reporter and how to conduct a good interview 2)Train the students’ reading ability(skimming, detail reading) Ⅱ. Teaching important points: Help the students learn about the qualities need to be a good reporter, how to get an accurate story and how to protect a story form accusation. Ⅲ. Teaching difficult points: How to help the students learn about the qualities need to be a good reporter, how to get an accurate story and how to protect a story form accusation. Ⅳ. Teaching methods: Cooperative learning, task-based learning, fast-reading
Unit 4 Making the news语言点
学习目标 重点词汇 delighted, assist，eager, acquire, inform，demand, accurate, approve, 小词简析 重点短语 accuse of, in the process of, concentrate on, defend against, have a nose for, depend on, ahead of 重点句型 1. so as to 引导目的状语 2. ... case +定语从句 重点词汇 delighted 【原句回放】We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. 你来与我们一起工作，我们很高兴。 【点拨】delighted adj.感到欣喜的，感到快乐的，用于表示人的内心感觉。 常用搭配： be delighted to do sth. 高兴做某事 be delighted at/ by 因......而高兴 be delighted that 因......而高兴 She was delighted to hear the twitter of the birds somewhere near her window. 她很高兴地听着窗外鸟儿的鸣叫声。 The mother was delighted at the recovery of her baby. 那位母亲因为她的婴儿恢复了健康而非常高兴。 We’re delighted that you’ll be here soon. 你不久就来这里了，我们真高兴。 【拓展】 delight vt.使（某人）高兴，使（某人）欣喜n.快乐，高兴，使人快乐的人或事。 delightful adj.令人愉悦的 常用短语： take delight in (doing) sth. 喜爱，以......为乐 to one’s delight 令人高兴的是