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2014年高考英语完形填空题得高分秘诀

2012年高考英语完形填空题得高分秘诀

完型填空题占了很高的分数，可是很多考生却在该题丢掉很多的分数。做了那么多的题目，你发现完形填空题的考点了吗？

在发掘完形填空题的考点规律之前，考生首先要正确认识以下几点。

第一，答题时间可以长达15~18分钟，考生在训练时可以控制时间。

第二，一定要用2~3分钟的时间进行缺词的情况下的整体阅读，弄清楚文章大意和基本脉络后再逐个填空。不要只是大致浏览，而是一定要理清文章脉络。

第三，细读首句。完形填空题的首句不设空，一般是文章的中心句。

第四，答题时，不要盯着选项看。真正需要考生一一分析选项的考点只有词汇辨析题。

·实例解读·

（2011年全国Ⅰ卷）In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life， a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago.

The professor 2 the lecture hall， placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans（豆）， and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained.

A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin， dry smile，announced the 5 answer， and went on saying，“You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is： Never 7 your own senses.”

Twenty years later， the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself， perhaps， as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible（无形的）to the 11 ， which can be discovered only through scientific 12 。 But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 。 The professor， however， said that it was 17 。 He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代）。“I remember feeling small and 19 。” The woman says，“and I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course the afternoon， and I haven’t gone near science since.”

◆上下文 1．A．art B．history C. science D. math

■词汇辨析2．A．searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into（步入）

◆上下文 3．A．count B. guess C. report D. watch

◆上下文 4．A．warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to

▲常识推理5．A．ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult

●固定搭配6．A．1earned B. prepared C. taught D. taken

◆上下文 7．A．1ose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken

◆上下文 8．A．1ecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman

●固定搭配9．A．described B. respected C. saw D. served

■词汇辨析10．A．voyage B. movement C. change D. rush

▲常识推理 11．A. professor B．eye C．knowledge D．light

■词汇辨析12．A．model B．senses C．spirit D．methods

◆上下文 13．A．hear B. make C．present D．refuse

▼逻辑推理 14．A．suggesting B．beginning C．pretending D．waiting

▼逻辑推理 15．A．believed B．doubted C. proved D．explained

▼逻辑推理 16．A．growth B．strength C．faith D．truth

▼逻辑推理17．A．firm B. interesting C．wrong D．acceptable

■词汇辨析18．A．task B．tool C．success D．connection

▼逻辑推理19．A．cruel B．proud C．frightened D．brave

■词汇辨析20．A．dropped B．started C．passed D．missed

注：上述每道题的选项前面的考点分类，考生可以在做完题目之后进行整理。

考点1·上下文联系

从上述例题中可以看出这类考点占的比重非常大，而且相对比较简单。这类试题的答题必备条件是通读全文。当然也有一些空是不需要通读全文，只读个别句子也能确定答案。

对策：在通读全文的基础上，一一挖掘文章的信息，在关键的信息词下划上横线以备注，这样考生可以快速获取信息来选择正确答案。

·需通读全文·

第一空：a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20years ago. 我们需要读到第二段的You have just 6 an important lesson about science 才能获得有用信息——an important lesson about science。此时考生可以在science下划线标注。直至通读全文后，从文章的最后一句话——and I haven’t gone near science since（我再也没有接触过科学这个课程）可以百分之百确定第一小题的答案为C选项。并且第一小题的四个选项中，只有science在文中出现了。

第七空：You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is： Never 7 your own senses.你学到关于科学的一个重要的课程，那就是永远不要_____你的感觉。我们必须在通读全文的基础上，才能知道教授告诉他的学生的道理——不要相信眼睛看到的，不要凭自己的感觉来做科学。可知答案为B选项。

第八空：Twenty years later， the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind.该小题在通读文章的过程中可知guess这个动作的发出者是woman，正确答案为D选项。

·只读前后句·

第三空：and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. 本小题可以从A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin（听到众多错误的猜测之后，教授勉强地笑了）一句中得到答案为B选项。

第四空：A fret 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin…，本句可以根据下文shouts of wildly wrong guesses可知正确选项为D——教授听到了很多错误的猜测。此题也可以归类为常识题，因为只能是“听到”声音。

第十三空：But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation.可是当时只有17岁的小女孩没能接受或者听到那种所谓的邀请。这里的invitation和第十空后的inviting his students to start…呼应。且教授的邀请是口头说的，作为一个听众，只能是听到教授的邀请。

考点2·上下文逻辑推理

逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、列举关系、解说关系、分类关系、比较关系、对照关系等。解答逻辑推理题需要理顺要填入的逻辑关系词前后文的语义，从中判断两句话之间的关系。

对策：掌握逻辑关系。在平时复习中，当完成一篇完形填空题之后，考生可以回头重读完整的文章，并将连词以及连词前后的同等关系的词汇、短语等圈画出来。

表示列举的连词：first，second，third…；firstly，secondly，thirdly…； first，next，then…； in the first place，in the second place…；for one thing，for another thing…；

表示原因的连词：because，since，as，now that…

表示结果的连词：so，therefore，thus，accordingly，consequently，as a result

表示让步和转折的连词：however，nevertheless，still，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever

表示对照的连词：on the contrary，in contrast，by contrast，in comparison，by comparison，conversely

表示补充的连词：also，further，furthermore，likewise，similarly，moreover，in addition，what’s more，too，either，neither，not…but…，not only…but also…

表示时间顺序的连词：when，while，as，after，before，since，until，as soon as，once

表示目的的连词：that，so that，in order that，for fear that

表示条件的连词：if，suppose （that），supposing （that），unless，in case，so （as） long as，so far as

第十四空：She was just 14 to understand the world 。往前读But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even hear the invitation. 可是当时只有17岁的小女孩没能接受或者听到那种所谓的邀请。因为她才刚刚开始去理解和感受这个世界。这句考查的是因果关系，并且省略了连词。

第十五空、第十六空、第十七空：She was just beginning to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 。 The professor， however，said that it was 17 。 He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代）。这三个空具有非常强的逻辑关系，根据文章的主旨大意

以及第十八空所在句——教授把她理解世界的唯一的工具（视觉，第一印象）带走了，又没有提供可供替代的方式，考生可以知道教授对学生的第一手经验是持否定态度的，因为否定学生的第一手经验，教授才会带走这个工具。从第十八空回头看第十七空——尽管如此，教授说那是错误的（教授否定学生的经验，所以才会说那是错误的）。再从第十七空回头看第十六空（转折关系）——她相信她的第一手经验是可靠的、正确的。第十五空考查的同样是隐晦的因果关系——因为这个只有17岁的小女孩才刚刚开始理解和感受这个世界，涉世未深，所以她believe她的第一手经验。这三个空考查了并列关系（连词and）、转折关系（连词however）、因果关系（隐晦的）。因此，三个空的答案分别为：15（A），16（D），17（C）。

第十九空：I remember feeling small and 19 。本句考查的是并列关系（and），and 的前后应该填入同样感情色彩的词语，small（渺小）是一个贬义词，选项中只有frightened 是表示贬义的。句意是：我深感自己的渺小和恐惧。因此第十九空的答案为C选项。

考点3·常识推理

常识推理，顾名思义就是考查考生的常识。一般情况下，这些选项都具有普适性，也就是正常性。

对策：始终坚持原则——普适性、正常性。

第五空：A fret listening to shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin， dry smile， announced the 5 answer…，前面说到教授听到很多错误的答案，勉强地笑了，那么根据常识的普适性原则，在这种情况下，一般会给出正确的答案。继续往下读之后，也知道教授是宣布正确的答案。因此，第五空的正确答案为C选项。

第十一空：as inviting his students to start an exciting voyage into an unknowns world invisible（无形的）to the 11 ，本句的意思是教授吸引学生去探一个无形的世界，根据常识来说，无形的世界是针对眼睛来说，也就是眼睛看不见的无形的世界。因此答案为B选项。

考点4·词汇辨析

对于词汇辨析的试题，考生除了正确理解上下文，最重要的就是能正确辨析词汇。

对策：考生在日常练习时，可以将完形填空题选项中涉及的词汇整理在一个表格中，添加详细的辨析，并且反复复习。

第二空：D 教授走进报告厅，把一个大罐子放在桌子上，里面装着晒干了的豆子。search for寻找；look at看着；get through通过，完成，打通电话；marched into步入。

第十空：A 这是一段特殊的旅程，那就是去探索一个肉眼看不到的世界。voyage旅程；movement时刻；change机会。

第十二空：D 这种探索必须建立在科学方法的基础上。model模式；senses感觉；spirit 精神；methods方法。

第十八空：B 教授把她理解世界的唯一的工具带走了。task任务；工作，做作业。tool 工具。success成功；胜利；大获成功的人或者事物。connection连接；关系；连接件。

第二十空：A 接下来，这个女孩子那天下午就放弃了这门课程，从此再也没有接触科学类的课程。drop放弃；star开始；pass通过；miss遗失。

考点5·固定搭配

对于这一类选择题，不能利用语法知识进行判断，因此平时的日积月累就十分重要。只有熟悉其意义和用法，才能迅速准确地做出判断。完形填空考查的短语是由动词＋介词，或动词＋副词构成，在现代英语中，这类词组很多而且实用性强、结构简练，使用灵活，表达生动，如break the ice，look forward to，keep an eye on，catch one’s eye等；还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如with regard to，at the age of等。这需要考生在平时的练习中注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律。

对策：考生在日常练习时，可以将完形填空题选项中涉及的词组整理在一个表格中，反复复习。

第六空：A “learn a lesson”学会一堂课。

第九空：C 教授把自己看作这样一个人：吸引学生去探索一个肉眼看不到的世界。see sb. as.。.把某人看做……。

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研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点：一、从所选文章的角度体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。

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