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译林版小升初英语知识点整理

译林版小升初英语知识点整理
译林版小升初英语知识点整理

小升初英语知识点

1、名词复数规则

(1) 一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

(2) 以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

(3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

(4) 以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives wolf-wolves

(5) 不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, Chinese-Chinese, Janpanese-Japanese

不可数名词没有单复数之分。

2、名词所有格

(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:

a) 单数后加’s ,如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt

b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’,如: his friends’ bags

c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s,如:children’s shoes

并列名词中,如果把’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:

Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车

要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s

Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:如:

a picture of the classroom , a map of China

3、冠词:不定冠词、定冠词

基本介绍:

a) 不定冠词:a / an (元音因素开头的可数名词前用an)

注意: a unit / an uncle

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an art lesson /

b) 定冠词:the the egg the plane

定冠词的用法:

a. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.

b. 复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

c. 谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.

d. 在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.

e. 用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening

不用冠词的情况:

a. 专有名词前:China is a big country.

b. 名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

This is my baseball.

c. 复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

d. 在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

e. 一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

f. 球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

* 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

g. 学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

h. 在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

i. 固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

人称代词

物主代词主格宾格

第一人称单数I(我)me my(我的)复数we(我们)us our(我们的)

第二人称单数you(你)you your(你的)复数you(你们)you your(你们的)

第三人称单数

he(他)him his(他的)

she(她)her her(她的)

it(它)it its(它的)

复数they(他们/她们/它们)them

their(他们的/她们的/它们

的)

5、数词:基数词、序数词

基数词

(1)1-20

one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty

(2)21-99:先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one

序数词

(1)一般在基数词后加th

eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth

(2)不规则变化

eg.one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve—twelfth (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th

eg.twenty→twentieth,forty→fortieth,ninety→ninetieth

基数词转为序数词的口诀:

基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.

一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.

八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。

ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.

若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

6、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等

表示时间的介词:

1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。

at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

2.on 表示具体日期。

注:a) 关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

at(on)the weekend在周末---特指

at(on)weekends在周末---泛指

over the weekend在整个周末

during the weekend在周末期间

b) 在圣诞节期间,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas

3.in 表示"时段"、"时期"

In 1988在1998年,in December在12月,in the 21th century在21世纪,in Summer 在夏天

In the morning 在早上

表示位置的介词:

1.in 表示“在…里面,在某区域内,在一个空间的内部”

in the classroom, in the room, in the bag, in the desk

2.on 表示“在…上面(表面有接触)”

On the road, on the tabble, on the desk

3.at 表示在某地点,强调在某个位置点(点位置)

at the shool gate在校门口,at home 在家,at school在学校

4.under 表示“在……的正下方”,指垂直上下方

under the tabble, under the bed , under the tree, under the bridge

5.over 表示“在……垂直的上方”,与under相对

over the river, over our head

6.between 表示“在……之间”,用于两者之间

He sits between Jack and Lily.

7.behind 表示“在……后面”,表示静态的位置

There is an apple tree behind the house.

8.In front of 表示“在……前面”,指静态的位置

There is a garden in front of my window.

*in the front of 表示“在……前部(内部的前面)”

The teacher is in the front of the classroom.(在教室内部的前面)

9.after 与before

after表示“在……后面”,表示动态的位置,也表示先后次序。

before表示“在……前面”,表示动态或静态的位置。

The dog is running after a hare. 那条狗正在追赶一只野兔。

Spring comes after winter. 冬去春来。

He sat before me. 他坐在我前面。

10.beside 表示“在……旁边”

She sits beside me. 她坐在我旁边

7、形容词与副词

(1)形容词:用来修饰名词或代词,描述人或物的性质、特征、状态等,一般放在名词前。如:beautiful,

little, small, lovely。 a beautiful girl, a little boy, a tall tree

(2)副词:一般放在be动词、助动词、情态动词的后面,实意动词的前面,修饰动词,修饰动词,表

示动作发生的方式,频率等等。如:quietly, loudly, happily。

shout loudly, smile happily, walk quickly

形容词变副词的规律:

a.在形容词后面直接加ly,如:loud-loudly, quiet-quietly, quick-quickly, careful-carefully

b.辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ly, 如:happy-happily

c.不规则变化:early-early, hard-hard, late-late, high-high, far-far

8、一般现在时

一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作,也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。

一般现在时中,没有be动词和情态动词,主语为第三人称单数的肯定句,动词要按规则加上s(动词第三单形式),主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句,动词用原形。

在一般现在时中,句中有be动词或情态动词时,否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not,一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。

在一般现在时中,句中没有be动词或情态动词时,主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑问句在句首加does,句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数,否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑问句在句首加do,句子中动词用原形。

动词+s的变化规则:

(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

(2)以s, x, sh, ch, o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes, do-does

(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

9、现在进行时

现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

肯定句基本结构为:主语+ be + 动词ing + 其他.

否定句:主语+ be + not + 动词ing +其他.

一般疑问句:Be + 主语+ 动词ing + 其他?

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be + 主语+ 动词ing + 其他?

动词加ing的变化规则

(1)一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

(2)以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting

(3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母(重读闭音节),双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping.

10、一般过去时

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

(1)Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

a)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was (was not=wasn’t)

b) are在一般过去时中变为were (were not=weren’t)

c) 带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

(2)句中没有be动词的一般过去时:

肯定句:主语+ 动词过去式+其他.

否定句:主语+ didn’t + 动词原形+ 其他. 如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他?如:Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句:

a)特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? 如:What did Jim do yesterday?

b)疑问词当主语时:特殊疑问词+动词过去式+其他?

如:Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式:

am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

11、一般将来时

基本结构:be going to + do;will+ do

I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.

现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词

动词的ing形式的构成规则:

①一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

②以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing

③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

12、感叹句

What引导的感叹句:

1)What + a/an + 形容词+ 可数名词单数+ 主语+ 谓语!(后面的主语和谓语可省略)

What a great dream it is!

What an interesting story it is!

2)What + 形容词+ 可数名词复数+ 主语+ 谓语!(后面的主语和谓语可省略)

What beautiful flowers they are!

3)What + 形容词+ 不可数名词+ 主语+ 谓语!(后面的主语和谓语可省略)

What delicious food it is!

What nice food it is !

How引导的感叹词:

How + 形容词/副词+ 主语+ 谓语!(后面的主语和谓语可省略)

How beautiful the city is!

How happily the children are playing!

13、祈使句

祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不要做某事,是表示命令、请求、劝告或建议等的句子。祈使句的第二人称主语you通常省略,并以动词原形开头,祈使句的句尾可用句号或感叹号,一般用降调。

(1)肯定祈使句:

主语为第二人称的祈使句:

Open the door, please! 请把门打开!

Close the door, please! 请关上门!

Be careful!

主语为第一人称的祈使句:

Let me have a look. 让我看一看

主语为第三人称的祈使句:

Let + 第三人称名词或代词(him,her,it,them) + 其他。

Let him go there.

Let her answer the question.

(2)否定祈使句

祈使句的否定形式是在动词前面加don’t.

Don’t sleep here.

Don’t cross the road now.

14、陈述句

陈述句是用来说明一个事实的句子,主要功能是传递信息、提供情况。陈述句的结构是通常是主语在前,谓语在后,读降调,句末用句号。陈述句有肯定形式和否定形式。

肯定句:主语+ 谓语…….

I like apples.

I want to buy some apples.

否定句:

(1)句中含有be动词或情态动词时,在be动词或情态动词后直接加not。

结构:主语+ be + not …….

主语+ 情态动词+ not + 动词原形…….

She is an English teacher. →She is not an English teacher.

I can swim. →I can not swim.

(3)句中没有be动词或情态动词时,在谓语动词前加助动词don’t,doesn’t或didn’t,原来的动词改为动

词原形。

结构:主语+ do / does / did + not + 动词原形…….

She likes apples. →She doesn’t like apples.

(4)否定缩略形式:

is not = is’t are not = aren’t was not = wasn’t were not = weren’t can not = can’t

could not = couldn’t do not = don’t does not = doesn’t did not = didn’t will not = won’t 15、疑问句

疑问句是用来提出问题或询问情况的句子,根据功能可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。

一般疑问句:

一般疑问句是可以用yes和no来回答的句子。其形式一般是将句子中的be动词、情态动词或助动词放到句首,谓语动词变成动词原形。一般疑问句的回答有两种,肯定回答用Yes,否定回答用No。

Are you an English teacher? ——Yes, I am. / No, I am not.(No, I’m not.)

Can she swim? ——Yes, she can. / No, she can’t.

Is there any water in the bottle? ——Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.

Does he like apples? ——Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

陈述句变一般疑问句:

(1)含有be动词或情态动词时,将be动词和情态动词放到句首。

结构:Be动词+ 主语……?

情态动词+ 主语+ 动词原形……?

I am an Engllish teacher. →Are you an English teacher?

She can swim. →Can she swim?

(2)句中无be动词或情态动词时,在谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did,动词用动词原形。

结构:Do / Does / Did + 主语+ 动词原形……?

Her mother bought her a bike. ——Did her mother buy her a bike?

They went to the park yesterday afternoon. ——Did they go to the park yesterday afternoon?

She likes apples. ——Does she like apples?

They like dogs. ——Do they like dogs?

16、特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句是由特殊疑问词引导的,询问具体情况,比如询问某人做了什么事、事情发生在什么时间或什么地点等等,句尾通常用降调。

特殊疑问词: who(谁), what(什么), which(哪个), whose(谁的), when(什么时候), where(哪里), how(怎么), why(为什么)

(1)特殊疑问词做主语(对主语进行提问),用陈述句语序。

What makes our park so dirty?

Who is standing over there?

Whose car is this?

What is in your hand?

(2)对其他部分进行提问,用疑问句语序。

Why did you call me yesterday?

Where do you live?

特殊疑问句的回答根据疑问句的具体问题来回答。

对人进行提问,用Who; Who is your cousin?

对物品所属进行提问,用Whose; Whose car is this?

对东西进行提问,用What; What is this? / What makes our city dirty?

对动作进行提问,用What……do……?What do you want to do in the future?

对方式进行提问,用How; How do you go to school every day?

对时间进行提问,用When; When will the party begin?

对地点进行提问,用Where; Where do you live?

对原因进行提问,用Why; Why are you late for school?

对哪一个进行提问,用Which; Which is your book? 哪一个是你的书?

对年龄进行提问,用How old; How old is your sister?

对时间长度进行提问,用How long; How long will you stay there?

对身高进行提问,用How tall; How tall are you?

对地点距离提问,用How far; How far is your home?

对价格提问,用How much; How much are these books?

对数量多少提问,用How many; How many pens do you have?

17、There be 句型

There be 句型用来表示某地有某人或某物,there是个引导词,本身没有词义,be是谓语动词,be动词后面的名词或名词短语为主语,be动词与主语在数上保持一致,句子后面是时间状语或地点状语。肯定句:

There is a /an + 可数名词单数/不可数名词+ 其他。

There are + 可数名词复数+ 其他。

否定句:

There is + not + a /an + 可数名词单数/不可数名词+ 其他。

There are + not + 可数名词复数+ 其他。

一般疑问句:

Is there + a /an + 可数名词单数/不可数名词+ 其他。

Are there + any + 可数名词复数+ 其他。

特殊疑问句:

How many apples are there on the table?

How much apple juice is there in the glass?

There be和have的区别:

There be 表示“存在”的“有”;have/has表示所属关系的“有”,主语通常是人。

There is a big playground in our school.

I have an animal friend. It has two tow big eyes.

There be 句型的一般过去时:

There was / were + 名词/名词短语+ 其他

There be 句型的一般将来时

There is / are going to be + 名词/名词短语+ 其他

There will be + 名词/名词短语+ 其他

牛津译林版2019-2020学年六年级下学期英语小升初试卷A卷

牛津译林版2019-2020学年六年级下学期英语小升初试卷A卷 姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________ 小朋友,带上你一段时间的学习成果,一起来做个自我检测吧,相信你一定是最棒的! 一、选出划线部分发音与其他单词发音不同的一项。(共6小题,计6分 (共6题;共6分) 1. (1分)找出画线部分读音不同的一项() A . her B . teacher C . October 2. (1分)选出划线部分读音不同的单词() A . little B . swim C . bike 3. (1分)找出划线部分读音不同于其它的单词() A . egg B . she C . leg 4. (1分)选出画线部分发音不同的一项() A . show B . shower C . flower

5. (1分)选出与划线字母相同读音的单词:boat A . coach B . teach 6. (1分)选出下列单词划线部分发音与众不同的单词() A . write B . kid C . kite 二、看图,读句子或对话,选答案。(共4小题,计4分) (共4题;共4分) 7. (1分)It's six _______. A . clock B . o'clock C . a clock 8. (1分)They _______the bus and sat near the door. A . got to B . got on C . got off 9. (1分)I don't like ______. A . bananas B . apples C . fish

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