新视野第四册第二课

Unit 2

Section A Charlie Chaplin

1. Pre-reading Activities

1. 1 Background information

Charles Spencer Chaplin

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother’s mental decline put her into an institution. Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so. But it was his mother that Charlie idolised and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself.

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens, 1812—1870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest one of all. His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was, especially for the poor and for the children. They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities.

Hollywood

Hollywood is an area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the American film industry. In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. It is generally thought that everyone living in Hollywood is extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for.

Mack Sennett

Mack Sennett: (1880—1960) U.S. film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec. He worked in the theatre as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films. He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics (1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties (1920). He received a Special Academy Award in 1937.

1. 2 Topic-related video

Directions: Watch a video performed by Charles Chaplin.

1. 3 Topic-related discussion

1) What enlightenment can we gain from the video?

2) How do you understand the proverb “All roads lead to Rome”?

2. While-reading Activities

2. 1 Global reading

2. 1. 1 Understanding the major details of the text

1) What do you learn about Charlie Chaplin from the first paragraph of the passage?

He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.

2) What do you know about the film Modern Times from the fourth paragraph of the passage?

It was the first movie in which Charlie Chaplin used his voice for the characters.

3)What happened to Charlie Chaplin after his death?

His body was stolen by thieves and held for money.

2. 1. 2 Understanding the organization of the text

1) Main idea of the text

The world’s most famous comic, Charlie Chaplin, had a miserable childhood. However, after he moved to America, he gradually became famous. His excellent performance has brought laughter to people all over the world.

2) Text structure analysis

Part One (Para.1-2): Introduction of Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin was born into a poor family but created comic characters of lasting fame. He won more reputation in many other countries than in the land of his birth.

Part Two (Para.3-6): Charlie Chaplin’s professional success

This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s success with his Tramp, sound movies and his secrets of great comedy.

Part Three (Para.7-8): Charlie Chaplin’s emotional life

This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s emotional collision and his stable happiness in his later years.

Part Four (Para.9): Charlie Chaplin’s death

A strange incident after his death is taken as a fitting memorial to the world’s most famous comic.

2. 2 Detailed reading

2. 2. 1 Words and phrases

1) for good (L.8)

forever; permanently

这一次她将是永远地离开她的国家了。

This time she’s leaving her country for good.

The little boy had been abused by his stepfather until one day he ________. (永远离家出走了) (ran away from home for good)

2) crude (L.12)

a. rude and offensive

由于他粗俗的行为，他不大受到同班同学们的欢迎。

He was not very popular with his classmates because of his crude manner.

At times his language _________ and made him look foolish. (变得粗鲁)

(turned crude)

This province is famous for its crude rubber. (adj. in the natural state; not refined)(天然的，未加工的)

词语辨析：

crude raw

Nature is the ______materials of poetry. (raw) (原材料)

The Panamanian crisis could hit US _____ oil supplies.(crude) （原油）

3) behave (L.21)

v. act in a particular way

人们常常强烈反对那些行为举止不大寻常的人。

People often strongly disapprove of others who behave in unusual ways.

We should not allow violent behavior on school grounds; people should ____________.

(以礼相待)

(behave politely to each other)

词语搭配：

behave oneself 举止规矩有礼

4) make up (L.27)

invent

我正试图为迟到这么长时间编个好借口。

I was trying to make up a good excuse for being so late.

Sometimes I'll read her a story from a book and sometimes ___________. (我自己编故事) (I'll make one up)

5) come down in the world (L.29)

be reduced to a humbler standard of living or social level

你是否看过一片关于一个穷困潦倒的百万富翁电影？

Have you seen the movie about a millionaire who has come down in the world? When they ______________, they moved to a flat in London. (开始落魄)

(started to come down in the world)

6) rouse (L. 39)

v. cause a particular feeling or attitude to exist

汤姆决定不去激怒她。

Tom was determined not to rouse her to anger.

The speaker attempted to ____________ with a cry for action.(激励人群)

(rouse the crowd)

词语辨析：

arouse rouse

The music ________ an intense feeling of homesickness in him. (aroused）（激发起）When __________, he could be quite violent.(roused) (被激怒)

7) execute (L. 46)

v. do or practice, esp. in a planned way

这个计划是不错的但是却实施得很差。

The plan was good but was poorly executed.

Now that we have approval we may _________ as previously agreed.(实施这项计划) (execute the plan)

8) find one’s way into (L. 49)

arrive or get somewhere after some time

电脑已经进入许多普通家庭。

Computers have found their way into many ordinary families.

Some of the rivers in the country ______________________. (流入太平洋)

(find their way into the Pacific Ocean)

9) relief (L. 53)

n. the feeling that results from the easing or removing of pain, distress or anxiety

当得知汽车没有受损，真令人感到欣慰。

It is a relief to learn that the car was not damaged.

_____________, all the children arrived home, safe and sound.(让我们感到欣慰的是)

(Much to our relief)

词语搭配：

to one’s relief 令人宽慰的是……

10) spark (L.61)

v. be the cause of; lead to

组织者希望能激起年轻人的兴趣。

The organizers are hoping to spark some interest in young people.

Winds brought down power lines, ___________.（引起了火灾）

(sparking a fire)

2. 2. 2 Sentence patterns

1）Typical patterns for emphasis:

原句: Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin’s childhood. But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “the Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame. (L. 2-4)

狄更斯或许会创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪者”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。

句型提炼：

1. Sb. else might do/have done sth. But only sb. can do/could have done sth. else.

别人或许会做某事，但只有某人才会做别的事。

应用：

其他作家或许会创作出关于伦敦的故事，但只有他才能塑造出“大卫”这样一个使其创作者声名永驻的人物。

Other writers might have written stories about London. But only he could have created the character David, who gave his creator permanent fame.

2）Typical patterns for addition of sth. :

原句：His huge fame gave him the freedom — and, more importantly, the money — to be his own master. (L. 35)

他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。

句型提炼：

Sth/Sb.… More importantly, sth./Sb. else…

某事······，更重要的是······

应用：

工作不仅是维持生计的方式，更重要的是人们可以通过工作展现自己的才能，实现自己的抱负，建立人际关系和奠定社会地位的途径。

Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which people display their talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status.

2.2.3 Difficult sentences

1) Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.（L.11-14）

中产阶级当然这样认为；劳动阶级倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或把皮靴后跟对准权势者宽大的臀部一踢。

Meaning: There is no doubt that middle-class audiences thought so (Charlie Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude); this character was more popular among working-class audiences because he showed his discontent with people of authority by using his little cane to make them fall or by directing a kick at their rears.

2）As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well-prepared for the battle that Chaplin’s life became as unfounded rumors of Marxist sympathies surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of rest in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in their own large family of talented children.（L.58-61）

由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时有毫无根据的流言说他俩是马克思主义的同情者。后来在他们自己的有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。Meaning: Oona had met with many problems in her own family before marrying, so she was able to deal with the problems in Chaplin’s life. For example, at that time, there were unfounded rumors that they sympathized with Marxism; when Chaplin caused quarrels in their large family with many talented children, it was Oona who solved such problems and brought peace back into the family.

3. Post-reading Activities

3. 1 Useful expressions

1）使某人声名永驻to give sb. permanent fame (L. 4)

2）给予某人掌声和利益to provide applause and profit where sb. is concerned (L. 6) 3）永久地离开了某地to quit a place for good (L. 7)

4）不幸的是sad to say (L. 11)

5）为……拍手喝彩to clap for sth./sb. (L. 13)

6）反抗to revolt against sb. (L. 13)

7）绊倒某人to trip sb. up (L. 14)

8）把……对准……to aim… at… (L. 14)

9）仍然;仍旧all the same (L. 14)

10）尽量推迟……to postpone…as long as possible (L.26)

11）落魄，潦倒to come down in the world (L. 29)

12）闻名世界to achieve world fame (L. 31)

13）有意做某事to do sth. on purpose (L. 32)

14）有一种……的冲动to have the urge to do sth. (L. 36)

15）激起某人的想像to rouse one’s imagination(L.39)

16）强烈需要…. to have a deep need to do sth. (L.47)

17）进入，来到（某处）……to fin d one’s way into… (L. 49)

18）失去了对……的信心to lose one’s faith in sb./sth. (L. 50)

19）与某人白头偕老to walk into the sunset with sb. (L. 51)

20）跨越年龄的差异to span the age difference between… (L.55)

3. 2 Summary of the text

Charlie Chaplin was born in London. However, he was much more popular in other countries than the land of his birth. Many English people considered Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude . However, in Modern Times in 1936, he made up a nonsense language with no known nationality and this helped to bring about his huge success. Chaplin was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along. The physical transformation of lifeless objects, plus his skill in acting became the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy. Chaplin had a deep need to be loved and fortunately life eventually gave him stable happiness when he married Oona in 1942.

3. 3 Writing

3. 3.1阐述主题型作文的写作模块

模块一：

There is an old saying, “ ……” It is the experience of our forefathers. However, it is correct in many cases even today.

Take….for example./Take, for example,……

.From what have been discussed above, we may safely come to/ reach/ draw/arrive at the conclusion that……

模块二：

As a popular saying goes, “ ………”. It means ……

A good case in point is…….

In summary/ In conclusion/ In a word/ In brief/ In short/ To sum up/ On the whole, it is important that….

3. 3.2 Writing Practice

Humor

1. It is well-known that a sense of humor is God’s gift to mankind.

2. However, some people haven’t realized the benefit of humor to us in many respects.

3. In a word,……

3. 3.3Model

Humor

It is well-known that a sense of humor is God’s gift to mankind. For example, a humorous person is often popular with his friends and colleagues. And it is born within everyone’s heart. What’s more, it has to be developed. Even humor has to be cultivated with great efforts.

However, some people haven’t realized the benefit of humor to us in many respects. First of all, humor can help us maintain physical as well as mental well being. Meanwhile, it can help us live in harmony with others. And when we have misunderstanding and tension with others in our work or study, humor may ease the problems more quickly than angry words or quarrels. Therefore, a sense of humor is really one of the keys to happiness.

In a word, humor gives us great enjoyment to life and makes it worth living. It pays to be humorous.

3.4 Assignments

1) Paragraph recitation: Reading aloud

2) Exercises of Section A

3) Topic for discussion: .Please make a detailed description of your favorite actor or actress.

4) Previewing Section B

Section B The Political Career of a Female Politician

1. Reading skill

1. 1 Mixture of Fact and Opinion

As we learned in Unit 2, Book 1, Unit 3 and Unit 8, Book 2, and Unit 2, Book 3, developing the ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts on the one hand and the writer’s opinion or interpretations on the other.

It is always appreciated that we can keep facts and opinions apart, but writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence, with some words representing facts and others representing opinions.

1. 2 E x a m p l e s

E x a m p l e1:

But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “The Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame. (Para. 1, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)

Even though the words only, great, permanent state opinions, the sentence states many facts—Charlie Chaplin, created, comic character, the Tramp, the little man in rags.Even more important, t he main point of the sentence is to state the fact that Charlie Chaplin created “The Tramp”, which brought him fame. Thus the sentence is basically factual.

E x a m p l e2:

This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, are surely the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy. (Para. 6, Reading Passage A, Unit 2) Even though the words surely, secrets, great state opinions, the sentence states many facts—physical transformation, the skill he executed with, again and again.The sentence is basically factual as it deals with Charlie Chaplin’s skills in performance.

2. Text reading

1) vote (L.4)

v. express one’s choice or opinion, esp. by officially marking a paper or by raising one’s hand or speaking in a meeting

这位总统已经是第三次当选了。

The President has been voted in for the third time running.

Have you decided ________________？（支持哪个党派）

(which party you will vote for)

2) spy…on (L.32)

watch secretly

你付了这个人多少钱来暗中监视你丈夫？

How much did you pay the man to spy on your husband?

He ____________ through this window without being seen. (监视他的邻居)

(spied on his neighbors)

3) shut …out of (L.33)

not include in an activity

她决定永远都不会让约翰进入她的生活。

She decided to shut John out of her life forever.

Some leaders in that country were afraid of losing their power, so they tried everything to ____. (杜绝妇女进入政界)

(shut women out of politics)

4) have the upper hand (L.35)

have or get the advantage or control over sb.

上半场结束时似乎意大利队占上风。

At half time, the Italian team seemed to have the upper hand.

After hours of fierce negotiations, _____________. ( 总统占了上风)

(the president had the upper hand)

5) fierce (L. 47)

a. strong and powerful

在上周激烈的战斗中有两百个士兵阵亡了。

Two hundred soldiers were killed during the fierce fighting last week.

__________________________ as they fought their way into the mountain village.

(他们遭遇猛烈的抵抗)

(They encountered fierce resistance)

6) break up (L.52)

(cause to)come to an end

警察到达时聚会已经结束了。

The party had already broken up when the police arrived.

___________ because there was no love between them. (他们的婚姻结束了)

(Their marriage broke up)

7) witness (L.55)

vt. see sth. happen because one is there when it happens

二十世纪目睹了全世界的政治经济和文化的巨大变革。

The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation.

He _____________ and observed its growth and development at a crucial period in its history. (亲眼目睹了祖国的诞生)

(witnessed the birth of his country )

8) in earnest (L.58)

seriously and sincerely

她认真地承诺不会干涉我们的事。

He was in earnest in promising not to interfere in our business.

Now I shall have to ______________________, keeping one chapter ahead of the students each week.（认真学英语）

(study English in earnest)

9) refresh (L.67)

vt. give new energy and strength to sb.

在炎热的夏天喝一杯冰果汁会让人精神为之一振。

A glass of iced juice can be very refreshing on a hot summer day.

Having had a good sleep, ______________.（他感到精神抖擞）

(he felt thoroughly refreshed)

10) deliver the goods (L.69)

fulfill a promise

他满口诺言，事实上却难得兑现。

He's full of promises but in fact he rarely delivers the goods.

____________, they could well be looking for a new prime minister by next summer.

(如果他不兑现诺言)

(If he fails to deliver the goods)

3. Revision

3. 1 Multiple choice

1) If a ________ were to reach the gas it would go off at once.

A) spot B) spill

C) spark D) spray

2) After about an hour and a half the party ______ because there was not enough wine that evening.

A) broke off B) broke away

C) broke up D) broke through

3) House purchase is the biggest decision that most people make and the easiest one to _______ for various reasons.

A) postpone B) conduct

C) replace D) last

4) Somewhat to my _______, the police will soon eliminate her from their inquiries.

A) entertainment B) judgment

C) relief D) relaxation

5) The political weakness of these countries _________their economic weakness.

A) compromised with B) competed with

C) communicated to D) corresponded to

6) A series of tragic _______ made Mr. Terres feel he has to face up to his life.

A) accidents B) incidents

C) events D) occurrences

7) The foreign-born Chinese are thought of as yellow on the outside and white on the inside because they only look like Chinese but never think or ______ like Chinese.

A) direct B) accustom

C) adjust D) behave

8) For many young people, the late 1960s was a period of _______ against the moral values that had been the pride of the past generations.

A) revolt B) rebel

C) chaos D) challenge

9) I promised to_________ the others at 5 a.m.

A) rouse B) stimulate

C) motivate D) prompt

10) Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately _______ without trial.

A) murdered B) convicted

C) executed D) punished

11) This swimming costume is made of ______ material.

A) elastic B) clumsy

C) coarse D) delicious

12) Two drivers were killed in a head-on ________ down a car and a taxi last night.

A) collapse B) conflict

C) collision D) crush

13) A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease ______

A) for long B) before long

C) ever since D) for good

14) The citizens in the neighborhood all______for the local government's decision to close the small paint factory.

A) claimed B) cracked

C) clapped D) crashed

15) The government attempts to put down the______ of the president's sex scandal.

A) news B) rumor

C) saying D) proverb

16) The fact that we underestimated our ______ led to our bitter defeat.

A) opponent B) candidate

C) colleague D) advocate

17) The girls were all _____ of Grace because she was so pretty, with beautiful hands and a face like

a film-star's.

A) greedy B) controversial

C) competitive D) jealous

18) The Watergate ______ was exposed by two investigative journalists working for the Washington Post.

A) shame B) conviction

C) rumor D) scandal

19) Japanese banks, once _____ competitors in the British banking market, have all but disappeared.

A) bold B) fierce

C) wild D) harmful

20) 5000 people held a protest march and_____ against sexual discrimination.

A) rally B) conjunction

C) episode D) riot

21) A _____ broke out at the stadium when the home team lost 5-0.

A) rebel B) strike

C) violation D) riot

22) It was the third time in three weeks that such ugly scenes had been _______ in London.

A) endeavored B) demonstrated

C) witnessed D) judged

23) You may laugh at my idea but I'm in deadly _____.

A) intensive B) generous

C) earnest D) voluntary

24) When I come back, I feel _____and many new ideas occur to me.

A) renewed B) recreated

C) reshaped D) refreshed

25) According to the Centers for Disease Control, women will soon _____ 80 percent of those

diagnosed with HIV.

A) make up B) build up

C) stand for D) conform to

26) She ______the knives and forks at the lunch table.

A) laid up B) laid off

C) laid down D) laid out

27) ________some other low-income countries in Africa, most children here do eventually get to primary school and stay there for a few years.

A) Contrary to B) In regard to

C) In contrast to D) With respect to

28) Seven hundred thousand tons of ______ oil has poured out of the damaged tanker into the sea.

A) raw B) rough

C) crude D) tough

29) Fertile soil helps Canada________ among the world's leading wheat producers.

A) rank B) occupy

C) arrange D) classify

30) The film producer sent him the ______ and assured him there was no question of him appearing on stage in the role.

A) scrape B) catalog

C) category D) script

3. 2 Error correction

1) If I knew that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.

A B C D

(A. had known)

2) Whenever I see someone having a drink in a TV programme, I feel like to have a drink myself and

A B C

it's the same with cigarettes and food.

D

(C. having)

3) Before the 1950s, ships sinking in the Triangle were in some degree common occurrences.

A B C D

(C. to)

4) Awaiting her husband at the airport, she couldn't help but to smile to herself.

A B C D

(D. smile)

5) Despite of the high divorce rate in the United States, young men and women continue to marry on

A B C the basis of romantic love.

D

(A. Despite)

3. 3 Text extension

Discussion: Is it possible for a woman to become a successful politician?

4. Assignments

1) Exercises of Section B

2) Previewing Section A of Unit Three and answering the following question:

What do you think about the welfare system in China?

新视野大学英语第四册课后答案

Unit 1 III. 1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute 6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worship IV. 1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected 10. at best V 1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.O 7.I 8. L 9. A 10. D Collocation VI. 1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever 6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agony Word building VII. 1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified VIII. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery Sentence Structure IX. 1. other than for funerals and weddings 2. other than to live an independent life 3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . ` 4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything . 5. other than that it's somewhere in the town center X. 1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night 2. would have; told him the answer 3. they needn't have gone at all 4. must have had too much work to do 5. might have been injured seriously Translation XI. - 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed. 2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day. 3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best. 4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it. 5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.

新视野英语第一册读写教程CLOSE

share the same type of relationship a classroom teacher and e their own CD. You don’t have to just listen to music made and sold by big record companies .Many groups send their music straight to community radio stations This allows for truly new muobably right about my ears; I likely have lost some hearing from going to too many loud concert as I have . I can’t stay that it wasomething great has been achieved,we are free to set our sights on the next opportunity to help that arise Each new opportunity may be bigger and better than the last And so ,I urge you to use all your efforts to do what good you can today instead of tomorrow . Do not spend your time with thing that are neither good nor valuable. This will save you from mistake . If you are given a task that you do not believe is helpful ,delay it. Time will wash it away for you .At the same time, the beginnings of something positive will have built up .Do it at once ! A kind word ,or a(n) service to others is never a waste of your time ,and you will reap the benefits of doing good and enjoy peace of mind. (4)Standing in the door of Mr Murphy’s office ,I could see he was learned on something he was reading. He had both elbow on his desk, his head was resting on one hand and his other hand was

(完整word版)(第三版)新视野大学英语读写教程1答案

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