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大学《数据库原理》期末考试试题及答案(一)

一、填空题

1.标准的数据库三级模式是概念模式、(内)模式和(外)模式。

2.数据完整性约束分为(静态)约束和(动态)约束。

3.分布式数据库系统的特点是数据的(分布)性和整体的(逻辑)性。

4.在数据库系统中，所有应用程序都通过(DBMS)访问数据库。

5.在数据库的三级模式结构中，数据是按(内）模式的描述存储在磁盘中，按(外）模式提供给用户的。

6.在关系中，能唯一标识元组的属性称为(超键)。

7.在对象关系模型中，属性的符合类型包括：多集类型、数组类型、(结构)类型和(集合)类型。

8.对于函数依赖x→Y，如果Y是X的子集，此函数称为(平凡)函数依赖。

方法的三要素是：实体、属性和(联系)。

10.假设两个事务同时存取同一个数据集，当第一个事务结束之前，第二个事务更新数据库，这就违反了事务的(隔离)性，破坏了DB

的一致性。

11.假设一个学生只属于一个班级，则班级和学生之间是(一对多，1:N)联系；学生可以同时修多门课程，学生和课程之间是(多对多，M:N）联系。

12.结构数据模型的组成包括:数据结构,(数据操作)和(数据完整性约束)。

13.在函数依赖中，平凡的函数依赖根据Armstrong推理规则中的（自反)律就可推出。

14.用有向图结构表示实体类型及实体间联系的数据模型称为(网状)模型。

15.若用户编写程序时，只需指出做什么，不需指出怎么做，这类DML 是(非过程性)DML；关系的DML属于这一类。

16.在SQL中，用(update)命令可以修改表中的数据，用(ALTER)命令可以修改表的结构。

17.在ER图中，菱形框表示(联系)。

18.物理结构设计是设计DB的物理结构，主要包括DB的(存储结构)和存取方法。

19.并发控制的主要方法是采用(封锁机制)。

20.在并行处理中，若干事物相互等待对方释放封锁，称为系统进入(死锁)状态。

的“地址透明性”位于(分片）模式和(分配)模式之间。

二、单选题

1. 位于用户和数据库之间的一层数据管理软件是( Ｃ)

2. 一个事务中所有对数据库操作是一个不可分割的操作序列，这称为事务的( A )

A.原子性

B.一致性

C.隔离性

D.持久性

3. 关系代数的五个基本操作是：并、差、选择、投影和( D )

A.等值连接连接

C.自然连接

D.笛卡儿积

4. 在关系数据库中，表与表之间的联系是通过( B )实现的。

A.实体完整性规则

B.参照完整性规则

C.用户自定义的完整性规则

D.主键

5. 数据字典产生于数据库设计步骤的( A )

A.需求分析阶段

B.概念设计阶段

C.逻辑设计阶段

D.物理设计阶段

6. 在数据库技术中，未提交的随后又被撤消的数据称为( D )

A.错误数据

B.冗余数据

C.过期数据

D.脏数据

7. 在SQL中，建立视图用的命令是( C )

SCHEMA TABLE

VIEW INDEX

8. 分布式数据库系统的透明性主要表现在位置透明性和( C )

A.数据透明性

B.处理透明性

C.复制透明性

D.映射透明性

9. 在数据库的E-R图中，菱形框表达的是( C )

A. 属性

B.实体

C.实体之间的联系

D.实体与属性之间的联系

10. 设关系R和S的结构相同，并且各有80个元组，假如这两个关系作并运算，其运算结果的元组个数为( D ）

A .80 B.小于等于80 C.大于等于160 D. 大于等于80，小于等于160

11. 以下操作中，不能用DML实现的是( B )

A.数据查询

B.定义数据库的三级结构

C.数据插入

D.数据删除

12. 如果关系R和S进行自然连接时,只把S中原该舍弃的元组保存到新关系中，这种操作称为( D )

A.外连接

B.内联接

C.左连接

D.右外连接

13. 把E-R图转换成关系模型的过程，属于数据库设计的( C )

A.总体结构设计

B.概念结构设计

C.物理结构设计

D.逻辑结构设计

14. ORDBS的中文意思是( C )

A.面向对象的数据库系统

B.数据库管理系统

C.对象关系数据库系统

D.关系数据库系统

15. 在较低层上的抽象表达了与之联系的较高层上抽象的特殊情况时，称为较高层上抽象是较低层抽象的( D )

A.概括

B. 聚集

C.细化

D. 泛化

16. 在SQL中，SELECT语句的"SELECT DISTINCT"表示查询结果中( C )

A.属性名都不相同

B.去掉了重复的列

C.行都不相同

D.属性值都不相同

17. 在采用客户机/服务器体系结构的数据库应用系统中，应该将用户应用程序安装在( A )

A.客户机端

B.服务器端

C.终端

D.系统端

18. 事务日志用于保存( D )

A.程序运行过程

B.数据操作

C.程序的执行结果

D.对数据的更新操作

19. 在第一个事务以S锁方式读数据A时，第二个事务可以进行的操作是( D )

A.对数据实行X锁并读数据

B.对数据实行S锁并写数据

C.对数据实行X锁并写数据

D.不加封锁的读数据

20. 概念结构设计的目标是产生DB的概念模型，该模型主要反映( B )

的管理信息需求 B.企业组织的信息需求

C.应用程序员的编程需求的维护需求

三、名词解释

1. 部分函数依赖

关系模式中,如果X→Y, 且X存在真子集X',使X'→Y也成立, 这时称X→Y为部分函数依赖。

2.外模式

3.用户与数据库系统的接口,是面向每个用户使用的数据视图的描述。

5.嵌入式SQL

6.将SQL语句嵌入高级程序设计语言中使用,发挥高级语言过程化处理能力强的特点。

4. 数据定义语言

由DBMS提供的,用于描述数据库各级模式的结构,相互之间的映像,以及安全性规则,完整性约束等内容的语言。

5. 授权

将对数据库中的某些表、某些字段的操作权限授予指定的用户，这种操作称为"授权"。

四、简答题

1. 在关系模式R（U，F）中，U=ABCDE，F={A→C，AC→B，B→D，C→E，EC→B} 计算(AB)+。

(AB)+ =ABCDE

2.简述数据库概念模型的主要特点。

（1）对现实世界的抽象和概括，能真实，充分的反映现实世界的事物和事物之间的联系

（2）简洁、明晰、独立于计算机系统、便于理解

（3）易于变动和修改

（4）易于向给定的数据库逻辑模式转换。

3.简述在SQL中，DELETE语句与DROP TABLE的区别。

DELETE的作用是删除表中的元组，表的模式依然存在，而DROP TABLE 是将表的结构和元组全部删除，表被删除(DROP)后就不再存在了。

五、程序设计题

六、以下各小题题基于教学数据库的三个基本表

七、学生S(S#,SNAME,AGE,SEX)

八、学习SC(S#,C#,GRADE)

九、课程C(C#,CNAME,TEACHER)

十、

1. 试用元组表达式和关系代数表达式表示下列查询语句：检索年龄小于23岁的男学生的学号和姓名。

关系代数表达式:πS#,SNAME(σAGE＞'23'∧SEX='男'(S))

元组表达式:{t|(u)(S(u)∧u[3]＞'23'∧u[4]='男'∧t[1]=u[1]∧t[2]=u[2])}

2. 试用SQL的查询语句表达下列查询: 检索"王兰"同学不学的课程的课程号。

SELECT C#

FROM C

WHERE C# NOT IN

(SELECT C#

FROM SC

WHERE S# IN

(SELECT S#

FROM S

WHERE SNAME='王兰'))

3. 试用SQL的查询语句表达下列查询: 检索全部学生都选修的课程的课程号与课程名。

SELECT C#,CNAME

FROM C

WHERE NOT EXISTS

(SELECT *

FROM S

WHERE NOT EXISTS

(SELECT *

FROM SC

WHERE #=# AND #=#))

4. 试用SQL更新语句表达以下更新操作：把低于总平均成绩的女同学成绩提高5%。

UPDATE SC

SET GRADE=GRADE*

WHERE GRADE<(SELECT AVG(GRADE) FROM SC) AND S# IN (SELECT S# FROM S WHERE SEX='F')

六、应用题

1.有一个应用，包括三个实体集。实体类型“商店”的属性有：商店编号，店名，店址，店经理。实体类型“会员”的属性有：会员编号，会员名，地址。实体类型“职工”的属性有：职工编号，职工名，性别，工资。每家商店有若干职工，但每个职工只能服务于一家商店。每家商店有若干会员，每个会员可以属于多家商店。在联系中应反映出职工参加某商店工作的开始时间，会员的加入时间。

(1)试画出反映商店、职工、会员实体类型及联系类型的ER图；

(2)将ER图转换成关系模式，并指出每个表的主键和外键；

(3)指出以上关系模式所达到的范式。

(1)

(2)

商店模式（商店编号，店名，店址，店经理）

主键：商店编号

职工模式（职工编号，职工名，性别，工资，商店编号，开始时间）

主键：职工编号外键：商店编号

会员模式（会员编号，会员名，地址）

主键：会员编号

SM模式（会员编号，商店编号，会员加入时间）

主键：会员编号，商店编号

外键：会员编号；商店编号

(3)以上关系模式中，所有属性对侯选键都不存在传递依赖，因此都是BCNF。$

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《大学英语(1)期末考试卷A

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▆■■■■■■■■■■■■ —__________C A. Yes, I am . B. No, I don’t. C. No, I’ve never been there. D. Certainly, I went there. 三、语法与词汇：30%(答案必须填在答卷表格里,否则不得分) 1. We all believe that computer ______ smaller and smaller in the coming years.C A. can be become B. will be got C. will be changed D. can turn 2. He ___________________ not to leave waste paper in public places any more.B A. warns B. warned C. is warned D. was warned 3. That factory _________ nearly 50 years ago. A. has been built B. had built C. was built D. has built 4. Don’t worry. Everything will _____________ in time. A. be finished B. finish C. finished D. be finishing 5. Her application for the position _______________ by the boss. A. was refused B. was refusing C. refused D. is refusing 6. He__________ the Communist Party_____________2002.D A. has joined, in B. has joined, since C. joined, on D. joined, in 7. Jack_________ in the street when I_________ on him.D A. walked…called B. was walking …was calling C. walked … was calling D. was walking …called 8. “Where is Mary?” “She__________ to school.”C A. will go B. has been C. has gone D. went 9. This time last year I___________ my holiday in the countryside.B A. have B. was having C. am having D. have had 10. I’m sorry that I__________ you had been there already.B A. won’t know B. didn’t know C. don’t know D. haven’t known 11. By the end of 2020 China _____________ much stronger and richer.D A. will become B. would become C. is becoming D. will have become 12. It _______________ years since I last saw you.D A. was B. is C. will be D. has been 13. I __________ my homework now.C A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 14. The room _____________ often cleaned by the worker.D A. has B. will be C. was D. is 15. The railway ______________ in three years.D A. is complete B. will completed C. has completed D. will be completed 四．英译汉：30% Drinking habits vary widely among Americans. Some families never serve any drinks, others have them before dinner, or perhaps after dinner. You are more likely to be offered a cocktail before dinner than wine with the meal. If you do not get used to American cocktails, you can ask for something else. Moreover, drinks may be poured over ice. （翻译答案必须填写在第1页答卷上，不要在此处答题，否则不得分）

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