大学英语专业综合英语讲解1

Unit one This Year It’s Going to Be Different

Warm-up Questions

Background Information

Extended Reading

Oral Practice

Warm-up Questions

1. How do you understand the title?

2. Will you try to make a difference at the beginning of a new year?

Warm-up Questions

3. What does “New Year’s resolution” mean?

A New Year’s resolution is something one makes up one’s mind to do at the beginning of a new year in order to be or to do better in the year ahead. It is a ritual commitment to self-improvement, and a goal people set to make their lives better. In many Western countries, New Year’s resolutions are usually made at New Year’s Eve.

Background Information

The New Year, no matter when people have celebrated it, has always been a time for looking back to the past, and more importantly, forward to the coming year. It’s time to reflect on the changes we want, or often need, if we’re to have the motivation to move forward.Resolutions are a reflection of the Babylonians’ belief that what a person does on the first d ay of the New Year will have an effect throughout the entire year. Think about that at the New Year’s party!

When a person makes New Year’s resolutions, he makes up his mind to do or not to do certain things in the coming year. Of course, different people make different New Year’s resolutions. For example, a student may decide to work harder at his studies and not to go to the cinema so often; a teacher may decide to improve his/her teaching; a

heavy smoker may decide to stop smoking altogether. Some people may be able to carry out their New Year’s resolutions, but some may not. For most people, it’s often easier to make New Year’s resolutions than to carry them out.

Oral Practice

Please make some New Year’s resolutions and share them with your partner.

Scanning

Part Division of the Text

Further Understanding

Scanning

1. How many people are there in the family? Who are they?

There are six people in the family, namely, the writer himself, his wife Maggie, his daughters Kit and Gretchen, and his sons Roy and Sammy.

Scanning

2. Decide which of the following statements best sums up the text.

1.Some of his family members were pleased while

others were not when the writer tried to please everybody in the family on New Year’s Day. 2. The writer tried to be a better husband and a better

father in the new year, and his family members

appreciated this.

3. The writer carried out his New Year’s resolutions

faithfully to improve himself, but the results all

went contrary to his expectations.

Part Division of the Text

Directions: The text has been divided into several parts.

Please summarize the main idea of each part.

Part 1 (Para.1)

The writer wanted to improve himself by carrying out his New Year’s resolutions.

Part 2 (Para.2—Para.4)His resolutions did not work well with his wife.

Part 3 (Para.5—Para.8)

His resolutions did not work well with the boys.

Part 4 (Para.9—Para.14)

His resolutions did not work well with the girls.

Part 5 (Para.15—Para.16)

The carrying out of his resolutions led to a chaos among the children.

Part 6 (Para.17—Para.20)

The carrying out of his resolutions further offended his wife.

Part 7 (Para.21—Para.24)

The harder he tried, the more irritated his family members were.

Part 8 (Para.25—Para.32)

The writer made a confession.

Part 9 (Para.33—Para.37)

The writer became his old self and everything was back to normal.

Detailed Reading

New Year’s resolutions are like anything else—you get out of them what you put in.

What does this sentence mean?

A s the saying goes, “As you sow, so will you reap”, which means whatever a man sows he will reap. The writer intends to convince the reader that making New Year’s resolutions also follows this maxim. The more resolutions you make at the beginning of the year, the better results you will have.

Pretty clearly, anyone who followed my collection of rules would be blessed with a richer life, boundless love from his family, and the admiration of the community.

Paraphrase this sentence.

Quite obviously, anyone who was determined to be guided by the rules of self-improvement I collected would be happy and have an eventful life, infinite affection from his family and the respect of the community.

Be spontaneous in showing affection.

Show your love readily and willingly.

“Don’t ever sneak up on me like that again!”

Never creep up on me like that again!

Why did Maggie react to her husband’s kiss in this way?

Probably the husband seldom did this kind of romantic thing (steal a kiss from behind) before.

A sincere compliment is worth its weight in gold.

Whole-hearted and genuine praise is very valuable.

“It wasn’t my idea to stay out until four a.m.”

I didn’t want to remain outside until four in the morning! It was your idea!

Was Maggie pleased to hear the “sincere compliment”?

Why or why not?

Maggie was very much annoyed by the “sincere compliment”, because she didn’t look “lovely” at all due to lack of sleep. Therefore, she thought her husband was speaking sarcastically.

Roy sure is smart.

“Sure” is often used in colloquial American English, meaning “certainly”. “Roy sure is smart” means “Roy certainly is clever.” By making such a remark, Sammy actually suggested that his father was not so bright.

Meet your child at his own level.

Join your children and treat them as your equals. / Speak, act and think as your children do.

It isn’t either happy.

The normal order of the sentence is: “It isn’t happy, either.” The word “either” in the sentence shows emphasis. The sentence is an example of child talk, meaning “It isn’t happy at all!” or “It’s very unhappy.”

I’ll bet the fellows are swarming around.

The sentence means “I’m sure many young men are after you.”

Do you think it is appropriate for the writer to say

something about “the fellows swarming around” to

Marilyn?

No, it is inappropriate. And that’s why Marilyn thought she was cross-examined by the writer. There was a series of shrieks down the hall. I found Gretchen in tears.

I heard screams down the hall one after another and I found Gretchen crying.

I suggested that they carve something for their mother—like a salad spoon.

The sentence means “I suggested that they should carve something for their mother, for example, a salad spoon, by using the scout knife.”

The most trivial chore can prove rewarding if approached with zest.

The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and enthusiastically.

I struck up a conversation with Kit, trying to establish some kind of rapport.

I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve agreement and understanding between us.

Anybody else would have thrown in the sponge…

What does “throw in the sponge” mean?

The idiom “throw in the sponge/towel” comes from boxing. It means “to admit that you have been defeated”.

Anybody else would have admitted defeat and given up.

…they had the nerve to say you suggested it.

What does this sentence mean?

The sentence means “they were rude enough to say that you suggested that they carve my salad

spoon”.

Kit has been in a poisonous mood.

What is the meaning of this sentence?

It means that “Kit has been in a very bad temper”.

You never bothered with small talk before. Why start now?

Paraphrase this sentence.

You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past. Why do you want to start doing it now?

If the kids do something and you get mad, they know where they stand.

What is the meaning of this sentence?

It means “If the children do something and you become angry, they know they are wrong”.

And when I tell you to do something, jump!

What is the meaning of this sentence?

It means “When I tell you to do something, hurry up and do it”.

Words &Phrases

resolution: n.

decision or mental pledge to do or not to do something

She’s always making good resolutions b ut she never carries them out.

He lacked the resolution to get through medical school.

Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue. 勇敢和决心是美德的灵魂。

self-improvement: n.

improvement of one’s condition through one’s own efforts

self-confidence n.自信

self-control n.自制力

self-criticism n.自我批评

self-conceit n.自负

self-centered adj.以自我为中心的；只顾自己的

self-conscious adj.害羞的；忸怩的

self-determination n.（国家、民族的）自决权；自主

self-discipline n.自我约束力；律己

self-esteem n.自尊心

self-educated adj.自学的

self-evident adj.显而易见的；不言而喻的

self-respect n.自尊；自重

be blessed with:

to have a special ability, good quality, etc.

Fortunately my parents are both blessed with good health.

His brother is blessed with an inquisitive mind.

Peter had not been blessed with a sense of humor.

墨菲夫人有7个孩子，真有福气。

Mrs. Murphy is blessed with 7 children.

blessing: n.

sth. good that sb. feels very grateful or lucky to have

Rivers are a blessing for an agricultural country.

The fine weather has been a blessing for farmers.

所幸你的孩子住得这么近。

It’s a blessing that your children live so near.

Having someone you can confide in is a real blessing.

有个你可以说说心里话的人真是件幸事。

kitchen sink: n.

a large basin in the kitchen for washing things

spontaneous: adj.

acting immediately from natural feelings

I joined in the spontaneous applause.

Both sides burst into spontaneous cheers at the skilful play.

He was suddenly filled with tears of spontaneous emotion.

他突然激动得热泪盈眶。

sneak: v.

to move somewhere quietly and secretly; to take sth. secretly or illegally While his parents were busy, John sneaked off to play.

She managed to sneak him another piece of cake.

他偷了钱后从房子里溜了出去。

He stole the money and sneaked out of the house.

我们偷偷地带一些比萨饼进电影院吧。

Let’s sneak some pizza into the cinema.

sneak up:

to get very near sb. before being noticed

He sneaked up behind her.

Don’t sneak up on me like that!

别那样蹑手蹑脚地走近我！

汤姆喜欢溜到妹妹身后吓她一大跳。

Tom loves sneaking up on his sister to frighten her.

shriek:

v. to shout in a loud high voice because sb. is frightened, excited or surprised

Cecilia stood in the doorway shrieking abuse at him.

Everyone was shrieking with laughter in the bar.

她看到一条蛇时尖声大叫起来。

She shrieked when she saw a snake.

n. a loud high sound made because sb. is frightened, excited, angry, etc.

“This is the best birthday present I’ve ever had!” said Linda with a shriek of delight.

突然一声可怕的尖叫吓得过路的人都愣住了。

A sudden terrible shriek froze the passenger to the spot.

compliment: n.

an expression of praise, admiration or respect

Mary is used to receiving compliments on her appearance.

You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments.

Mum says I’m stubborn, but I’ll take that as a compliment.

他对我的烹调技术赞不绝口。

He kept paying me compliments on my cooking.

look: interj.

to emphasize a point before making a statement (often when the speaker is a little angry) Look, I’ve had enough of this. I’m going home.

在课文中作感叹词(interjection)用，属于美式口语中的常见表达。

say: interj.

to attract attention or to express surprise

Say, look at that girl over there.

在课文中作感叹词(interjection)用，属于美式口语中的常见表达。

there: interj.

to express a feeling of success or triumph

There! I’ve passed all the levels in this game.

在课文中作感叹词(interjection)用，属于美式口语中的常见表达。

escapement mechanism:

device in a clock or watch to regulate the movement 钟表齿轮的擒纵轮

doctor’s kit:

a bag or box containing doctor’s instrument and medicine; a set of toys for children to play doctor game

come now:

(old-fashioned) an expression used to encourage the person spoken to, or persuade him or her Come now, you can do it yourself.

Come now, things aren’t as bad as you said.

swarm:

v. to move in a large group or in large numbers

Lots of photographers were swarming around the actress.

球迷们涌到球场上进行庆祝。

Fans swarmed onto the pitch to celebrate.

n. a large group of insects or people moving together

Swarms of tourists shoved through the square.

大批警察包围了这栋楼。

Swarms of police officers surrounded the building.

be swarming with:

full of (people, insects, animals, etc.)

The beach is swarming with bathers.

The room was hot and stuffy, and swarming with flies.

蜜蜂在花园里成群地飞来飞去。

The garden was swarming with bees.

scout knife:

a kind of knife used by Boy Scout

Boy Scout童子军

smart: adj. intelligent

The smart kids get good grades and go off to college.

adj. trying to seem clever in a disrespectful way

Don’t get smart with me, young man.

adj. well-dressed

Chris was looking smart in his new grey suit.

adj. fashionable

He often dines in that smart restaurant.

approach:

v. to deal with a situation/problem in a particular way

We need to find the best way to approach this problem.

政府倾向于采取多种方法来处理这个问题。

The government tends to approach the issue from different angles.

v. to move closer to sb. or sth.

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.

Winter is fast approaching.

选举的日子临近了。

The day of the election approached.

approach:

v. to deal with a situation/problem in a particular way

We need to find the best way to approach this problem.

政府倾向于采取多种方法来处理这个问题。

The government tends to approach the issue from different angles.

v. to move closer to sb. or sth.

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.

Winter is fast approaching.

选举的日子临近了。

The day of the election approached.

n. a particular way of thinking about or dealing with something

We need a fresh approach to sports in education.

As a writer she takes a completely new approach to the classic horror story. 他以一种轻松的态度面对生活。

He has a relaxed approach to life.

zest: n.

enthusiasm, eagerness, energy and interest

He approached every task with a boundless zest.

He retired from professional chess because he had lost the zest for winning. 他从未失去对生活的热情。

He never lost his zest for life.

strike up:

to establish (a relationship/conversation with sb.)

It’s not easy to strike up a conversation with a complete stranger.

He gets really jealous if his girlfriend strikes up a friendship with another man.

我们从一见面起就相处得很融洽。

We struck up a good rapport with each other as soon as we met.

rapport:

friendly agreement and understanding between people

Andy is always in rapport with his neighbors.

Mother and daughter usually have a great rapport.

许多医生与病人之间关系融洽和睦。

Many doctors develop an excellent rapport with their patients.

impossible: adj.

unreasonable and annoying

You are impossible! Yesterday you said you didn’t like carrots, and today you won’t eat potatoes!小孩子有时是不可理喻的。

Young children are impossible at times.

cross-examine:

to question sb. very closely and severely, especially on court

The lawyer cross-examined the witnesses of the opposing side to test the truth of their evidence. She cross-examined her husband in detail.

V ocabulary Extension:

cross-country adj.越野的

cross-legged adj.盘着腿的

crossroads n.十字路口

crosstalk n.相声

crosswalk n.人行横道

crossword n.纵横填字游戏

sprawl:

vi. to sit, lie or fall with the arms and legs spread out loosely

He was sprawling in an armchair in front of the TV.

vi. to stretch over or across something in an ugly and untidy way

The suburbs sprawl across two hilltops.

vt. (usu. in passive) spread (oneself) out loosely

They were sprawled out in front of the fire.

The students were sprawled out on the grass.

Useful Expressions

Passage Dictation

Interaction Activities

Text Appreciation

Passage Writing

Useful Expressions

1. 有关自我完善的书籍books on self-improvement

2. 有幸拥有更加充实丰富的生活be blessed with a richer life

3. 蹑手蹑脚地走向某人sneak up on sb.

4. 按孩子的水准与他们打交道meet the children at their level

5. 缓和局势ease the situation

6. 为某人做心脏手术perform open-heart surgery on sb.

7. 充满热情地着手做某事

approach sth. with zest

8. 建立一种融洽的关系

establish a kind of rapport

9. 认输，投降

throw in the sponge

10. 好意思、有胆量做某事

have the nerve to do sth.

11. 随便聊聊

make small talk

12. 比比划划地阐述观点

illustrate one’s point with gestures

13. 懒散地躺在地上

sprawl on the floor

Passage Dictation

(homework)

Interaction Activities

My Resolutions

This is the beginning of a new term. Check to see how well you carried out the resolutions you made for the last term. Then make new resolutions for this term. Fill in the grid first and then compare notes with your partner. After pair work, compare notes with more of your classmates in

Read 5 English novels.

Listen to VOA/BBC over the radio regularly.

Watch TV series in English on Sunday.

Speak English not only in the classroom but also in the dorm.

Write 2 book reviews/a letter home every week.

Keep a diary in English.

2. Hobbies and Interests

Collect 100 foreign/Chinese stamps.

Take at least 10 very good pictures of scenic spots.

Practice running/swimming/singing/the violin/the piano/the flute 2 hours a day.

3. Other things：

Save 50 yuan a month.

Buy a large English-English dictionary.

Be patient and friendly with my roommates.

Stop quarrelling with others without any reason.

Text Appreciation

This is a light, humorous piece of writing. The writer gives us a vivid account of how his New Year’s resolutions, perfect as they seemed, ended in total failure. This narrative is a delight to read because of its light touch of humor throughout.

The writer’s style is lively, unaffected, idiomatic and straightforward. The narrative is strikingly conversational in tone and is filled with colloquialisms. The writer also uses a great many verb-preposition and verb-particle combinations to make his writing very informal.

There is a striking contrast between the informal colloquial English used in conversation and the formal, rigid English found in the writer’s list of resolutions on self-improvement, and it is partly through this contrast that the writer succeeds in giving the reader the impression that he is making himself a laughingstock by carrying out his resolutions.

The writer uses several examples of exaggeration to create comic effect and induce amusement. Besides, he exposes himself to ridicule by following what the books say about resolutions without considering his real situation.

He uses a final irony in which there is a sharp contradiction between what is logically expected to happen and what has happened—the man begins to make a lot of resolutions, hoping that this year it is going to be different, but then he becomes his usual self again at the end. An echo is created in the form of a complete cycle of irony.

Passage Writing

Directions

It has been said that not everything to be learned is contained in books. Apart from gaining knowledge from books, people should also learn constantly from practical experience, which is a very important source of knowledge.

Experience Is the Best Teacher

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, introduce the topic and state your idea.

In the second part, provide one or two reasons to support your idea.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.

Knowledge can be acquired from many sources, such as books, teachers and practical experience. Among these sources, experience is the best teacher, for the most important lessons we learn in life come from our participation in situations. We can’t learn everything from a book or in the classroom.

The most important lessons can’t be taught; they have to be experienced. No one can teach us how to get along with others or how to cultivate self-esteem. As we grow from children to teenagers, no one can teach us how to deal with pressure. As we leave adolescence behind and

enter adulthood, no one can teach us how to fall in love and get

happily married. It is only through experiencing our own triumphs and disasters that we learn how to deal with life. Experience can also teach us with the mistakes we have made. Making mistakes is the best way to learn. If one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act, whether successfully or not. Innovations do not come about through reading but through experimentation.

Unless it is applied to real experiences, knowledge we learn from books or teachers will remain theoretical and, in the end, useless. That is why I firmly believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from other sources. Experience is indeed the best teacher.

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同过综合英语二的考试呢？我下面就这个问题从日常学习和试前准备两个方面 来谈谈这个问题： 一、日常学习： 1、在初读一篇课文的时候，不要花过大的精力背诵课后单词表。学过一段时间英语的同学都知道，孤立地记忆单词结果只能是“狗熊掰棒子”，记一个忘一个。况且，综合英语二每课的生词量很大，动辄六、七十，很难在有限的时间内记熟，所以同学们在看课后单词表的时候应该边听磁带，边大声朗读，大约3遍，课后单词只要在头脑中有个 大概印象即可。 2、默读课文两到三遍，速度可以稍微快些，以了解课文的内容为主，遇到陌生的短语和生词尽量不要翻看课后的单词短语表，要学会从上下文的联系猜测他们的含义。猜测的能力对于学习外语的同学来说致关重要，因为在将来使用英语的过程中，我们难免会遇到看不懂或听不懂的情况，在没有老师可以

请教，没有资料可以参考的情况下，只能根据当时的情景运用猜测的方法解决问题。另外，经过动脑筋猜测这一过程，再去记忆课文后单词短语，往往印象更 深，花的时间更少。 3、根据对课文的理解，对课文进行分段，总结段义，画出课文的结构图。段义尽量用课文中的句子表达，对于对话较多无法直接引用原句的文章，可以试着用简单的英语来总结。这样做一方面是因为综合英语二考试的最后一道大题是要求考生根据课文内容以短文的形式回答问题。许多考生在综合英语二考试中落马的一个重要原因就是这道题失分过多。如果大家能够坚持给每篇课文画一画结构图，在复习的时候对照着结构图来回忆课文的内容，相信短文题会 拿到不错的分数。 4、结合注释，精读课文。了解了文章的大意之后，就可以从对文章进行细致地研读了，一方面要吃透句形结构、词语的搭配、固定短语在句子中的用法，

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“12，”她数道，过了一会儿“11”，接着数“10'’和“9”；再数“8”和“7”，几乎同时数下来。 苏朝窗外望去。外面有什么好数的呢?外面只看到一个空荡荡的沉闷的院子，还有20英尺开外那砖房的侧墙，上面什么也没有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墙高。萧瑟秋风吹落了枝叶，藤上几乎光秃秃的。 “6，”约翰西数着，声音几乎听不出来。“现在叶子掉落得快多了。三天前差不多还有100片。数得我头都疼。可现在容易了。又掉了一片。这下子只剩5片了。” “5片什么，亲爱的?” “叶子。常青藤上的叶子。等最后一片叶子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道会这样。大夫没跟你说吗?” “噢，我从没听说过这种胡说八道。常青藤叶子跟你病好不好有什么关系?别这么傻。对了，大夫上午跟我说，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些汤，让苏迪给她生病的孩子去买些波尔图葡萄酒来。” “你不用再去买酒了，”约翰西说道，两眼一直盯着窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝汤。这一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片叶子掉落。那时我也就跟着走了。我都等腻了。也想腻了。我只想撇开一切，飘然而去，；就像那边千片可怜的疲倦的叶子 “快睡吧，”苏说。“我得叫贝尔曼上楼来给我当老矿工模特儿。我去去就来。” 老贝尔曼是住在两人楼下底层的一个画家。他已年过六旬，银白色蜷曲的长髯披挂胸前。贝尔曼看上去挺像艺术家，但在艺术上却没有什么成就。40年来他一直想创作一幅传世之作，却始终没能动手。他给那些请不起职业模特的青年画家当模特挣点小钱。他没节制地喝酒，谈论着他那即将问世的不朽之作。要说其他方面，他是个好斗的小老头，要是谁表现出一点软弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是楼上画室里两位年轻艺术家的看护人。 苏在楼下光线暗淡的画室里找到了贝尔曼，他满身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的画架上支着一张从未落过笔的画布，在那儿搁了25年，等着一幅杰作的起笔。苏把约翰西的怪念头跟他说了，并说约翰西本身就像一片叶子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再软下去的话，真的会凋零飘落。 老贝尔曼双眼通红，显然是泪涟涟的，他大声叫嚷着说他蔑视这种傻念头。 “什么!”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有这么愚蠢的人，因为树叶从藤上掉落就要去死?我听都没听说过这等事：。你怎么让这种傻念头钻到她那个怪脑袋里?天哪!这不是一个像约翰西小姐这样的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要画一幅巨