土木工程专业英语期末复习题

《专业英语》复习题

一、选择题

1.civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use,

whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use

2.attention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine.

3.diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and the

united states of America

4.a direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction.

5.it’s our duty to (comply with) the specification.

6.dose your shop (supply) rebar ?

7.neither I nor he (is) fond of music.

8.the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥) are widely used on the

construction site.

9.the production of steel has been increased (by) 70%.

10.i f the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed).

11.(wherever) you go, you can see many buildings.

12.d ams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects

ordinarily employ several engineers to work together.

13.the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be

offered).

14.i n modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are

employed to move mountains and fill valleys to make the (surfaces) as direct as possible.

15.b esides its ability to sustain loads, concrete is also required to be

(durable).

16.t ensile failure of (reinforced) concrete happens easily and involves

progressive micro-cracking.

17.c oncrete is (inherently) a porous material (多孔材料)

18.–may I use your bike for a moment?

--(by all means)(一定，务必)

19.conclusions can be (drawn) from the above discussion.

20.it’s a small country, yet has a lot of (potential) resources.

21.a person’s calorie requirements vary (throughout)

22.there is a computer syetem (with which) the company is experiencing problems.

23. usually there is (less) traffic in the streets on weekday than on Sundays.

24. The thief tried to open the locked door but (in vain)

25. cracks would not only be unsightly but would (expose) the steel bars to corrosion by moisture and other chemical action.

26.(having packed) their luggage, the tourists hurried to the airport.

27.generous public funding of basic science would (lead to) considerable benefits for the country’s health,wealth and security.

28.”you are very selfish,it’s high time you (realized) that you are not the most important person in the world,” edgar said to his boss angrily.

29.(even if) the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have include all variables and modeled accurately.

30.remember that customers don’t (bargain) about prices in the city.

二、词组互译

1.tensile strength 抗拉强度：

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c11191273.html,pressive strength 抗压强度

3.construction engineering 建筑工程

4.reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土

5.raw material 原材料

6.civil engineers 土木工程师

7.assemblage technology 装配技术

8.simply supported beam 简支梁

9.continuous beam 连续梁

10.f raming member 框架构件

11.b ending strength 抗弯强度

12.s hearing strength 抗剪强度

13.b ill of quantities 工程量清单

14.e stimated cost 预算成本

15.t he column-diagonal truss tube 对顶柱桁架筒体

16.c ash flow 现金流动

17.t hree-dimensional 三维的

18.E nglish for specialized science and technology 专业外语

19.g eotechnical engineering 岩土工程

20.f oundation settlement 地基沉降

21.f undamental assumption 基本假设

22.b ending moment 弯曲力矩

23.s hear stress 剪应力，剪切应力

24.n ormal stress 正应力，法向应力

25.o n schedule 按时

26.b e in equilibrium with 与···平衡

27.h orizontal plane 水平面

28.v ertical plane 垂直面

29.s oil mechanics 土力学

30.a erial photographs 航空摄影

31.s anitary engineering 卫生工程

32.d etrimental agents 有害因素

33.j oint action 联合作用

34.d eformed bars 变形钢筋

35.c urrent situation(present situation) 现状

36.p ositive sequence 正序

37.n egative sequence 逆序（负序）

38.f abrication plant 加工厂（加工设备）

39.f inancial budget 财政预算

40.d ivide by 除以

41.i n charge of 负责（主管）

42.t ake account of 考虑到，顾及

43.s pectacular achievements 惊人的成就

44.u ltrahigh-rise buildings 超高层建筑

45.t erminate contract 解除合同（终止合同）

46.s pandrel beams 外墙托梁

47.e ncroach on 侵占，蚕食

48.i ntersect surfaces 相交曲面

49.b undled-tube structures 束筒结构

50.t ake delivery of 取货，提货

三、翻译句子

1.The term civil engineering originally came into use to distinguish it

from military engineering .

土木工程这个术语起初是用来与军事工程相区别的，土木工程处理的是民用的永久性建筑结构，而军事工程则是主要负责处理临时性的军用建筑。

2.Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make

buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limit.

更多的高度需要增加柱和梁的尺寸来使建筑物的刚性更强，以使

它们在风荷载作用下在容许范围内摆动。

3.Structural systems of reinforced concrete as well as steel,take full

advantage of the inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore do not require additional stiffening to limit the sway.

钢筋混凝土个钢结构系统充分利用了整个建筑的固有的潜在的刚度，因此不需要额外的加强材料来限制倾斜。

4.The tube structural system was developed for improving the resistance

to lateral forces and the control of drift in high-rise building.

筒体结构体系的发展是为了提高高层建筑抵抗侧向力和飘移的能力。薄壳筒体使筒体结构体系又向前迈进了一步。

5.With the continuing need for larger and taller buildings,the framed

tube or the column-diagonal truss table may be used in a bundle d form to create larger tube envelops while maintaining high efficiency.

随着对更大更高的建筑的持续要求，框筒或对顶柱桁架筒体可能被用在捆绑的形式以创作更大的筒体外壳，同时又保持了高效力。

6.The principles of fluid mechanics can be applied to daily life as in the

case of the planes,the movement of fish in water,and the circulation of blood in the veins.

流体力学原理可以应用到日常生活中，如：飞行的飞机、鱼在水中的游动及血管中的血液循环等情况。

7.Anthropogenic or human-induced pollutants have overload the system.

人类或人类的活动引起的污染物已经超过了生态系统的承受能

力。

8.T he role of an environmental engineer is to build a bridge between

biology and technology by applying all the techniques to the job of cleaning the debris.

环境工程师的作用是，通过将各种技术应用于垃圾清理的工作中，从而在生物与技术之间建造一座桥梁。

9.Surveying is defined an art of collecting data for mapping the relative

positions of points on the surface of earth in a horizontal plane.

测量是指为收集数据，以便在水平面内画出地球表面点的位置图的一种技术。

10.T he engineering marvels of the world ,starting from the pyramids to

todays thin shell structures,are the results of development in civil engineering.

11.A s here understood ,it is the body of scientific knowledge which

permits one to predict with a good degree of certainty how a structure of given shape and dimensions will behave when acted upon by known force or other mechanical influences.

正如由此处所知结构力学是科学知识体系，它使得人们能很确定地预测给定形状和尺寸的结构在已知力或其他力学因素下的性能。12.T his proposition is not an assumption but a fact,because any body or

any portion thereof can be at rest only if all forces acting on it are in

equilibrium .

这一命题不是假设，而是事实，因为只有作用于物体或物体一部分的力平衡时，它才能静止。

13.A ctually,the joint action of two materials as dissimilar and

complicated as concrete and steel is so complex that it has not yet lent itself to purely catalytical treatment.

实际上，像混凝土和钢材这样既复杂又不同的两种材料的联合作用是非常复杂的，目前还不能对其进行纯分析处理。

14.f rom this study a list of all items of work is prepared, and related items

earthen grouped together for listing on a master schedule.

根据研究，列出施工工程的各项工作内容，并将相关内容归为一类，列在主要施工进度表上。

15.o ther construction engineering duties are the layout of the work by

surveying methods, the preparation of detail drawings to clarify the design engineer’s drawings for the construction crews, and the inspection of the work to ensure that it complies with plans and specifications.

工程施工的其他任务是：通过测量进行工程放线；准备细部图纸，以使施工技术人员弄清设计工程师的图样意图；工程检查，以保证工程施工遵循设计及设计说明书。

四、

五、根据词根或词缀写单词

1.ag=do , act 做，动

agency 机构，作用；agential 代理人

2.agri=field 田地，农田

agriculture 田地，农田；agricultural 农业的，农艺的

3.ann=year 年

anniversary 周年纪念日annual 每年的，年度的

4. audi=hear 听

Audience 听众，倾听auditorium 礼堂，讲堂

5.brev=short 短

brief 短暂的，简短的briefness 短暂，简短

6.ced=go 行走

precedent 先行的，在前的unprecedented 无先例的，空前的7.cept=take 拿，取

except 除···之外exception 例外，除外

8.cid，cis=cut，kill 切，杀

decide 决定decision 决定，决心

9.circ=ring 环，圆

Circulate循环circle 圆，圈

10.c laim，clam=cry，shout 喊叫

exclaim 呼喊，惊叫exclamation呼喊，惊叫

11.clar=clear 清楚，明白

Declare 表明，声明declarer 宣告者，声明者

12.clud，clus=close，shut关闭

Exclude 排斥，拒绝接纳exclusive 排外的，除外的13.cogn=know 知道

Cognize 知道，认识cognizable 可认识的，可认知的14.cord=heart 心

Record 记录，记载recorder 录音机

15.cred=believe，trust 相信，信任

Credible 可信的，可靠地incredible 难以置信的

最新土木工程专业英语期末复习题

《专业英语》复习题 一、选择题 1.civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use 2.attention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine. 3.diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and the united states of America 4.a direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction. 5.it’s our duty to (comply with) the specification. 6.dose your shop (supply) rebar ? 7.neither I nor he (is) fond of music. 8.the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥) are widely used on the construction site. 9.the production of steel has been increased (by) 70%. 10.i f the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed). 11.(wherever) you go, you can see many buildings. 12.d ams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together. 13.the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be offered). 14.i n modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth，the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections． In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface．The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil，giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface．The problem is considered in two dimensions，conditions of plane strain being assumed．It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface． Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress，covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction．Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis．In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O，radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength．Equating moments about O：

土木工程专业英语考试题集电子教案

精品文档 精品文档 一单元 [1.4] Hydraulic engineering is concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids,principally water ．整句的意思是：水利工程主要涉及流体的流动和传输，尤其是水 的流动和传输。 [1.5] As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types‘of civil engmeenng ． firms ．manY construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more business 。like in nature ：drafiing and reviewing contracts ，evaluating logistical operations ，and cl osely 。monitoring pnces of necessary supplies 。 整体的意思是：由于建筑公司比其他类型的民用建筑公司往往承担更高的商业风险，许多建筑工程师往往会本能地扮演一种公事公办的角色：起草和修改合同、评估后勤的运作、严密监控必需供应品的价格等。 结构工程 structural engineering 岩土工程 geotechnical engineering 水利工程 hydraulic engineering 海岸工程 coastal engineering 环境工程 environmental engineering 施工工程 construction engineering 6段 Its charter defined civil engineering as the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man ,as the means of production and of traffic in states, both for external and internal trade, as applied in the construction of roads, bridges, aqueducts, canals, river nanvigation and docks for internal intercourse and exchang, and in the construction of ports, harbours, moles, breakwaters and lighthouses and in the art of navigation by artificial power for the purposes of commerce, and in the construction and application of machinery, and in the drainage of cities and towns. 把民用工程定义为直接为人类的使用和便利的自然界的伟大力量的来源的艺术，也定义为在各国的生产资料和交通手段，包括外部和内部的贸易，如为内部往来和交易为目的的道路，桥梁，沟渠，运河、航运和码头的建设中的应用，在港口、码头、防浪堤、防波堤和灯塔的建设中的应用，在以商业为目的的人工航运的应用，在建筑和机械以及城镇排水系统中应用的。 二单元 [1]In many countries the ratio of concrete consumption to steel consumption exceeds ten to one.在许多国家,水泥消费与钢铁消费的比例已经超过了十比一. [2]Therefore,the selection and proportioning of materials for the concrete mixture was governed primarily by consid eration of the spread of construction by slip-forming and durability of hard ened concrete to the hostil e environment.所以,混凝土材料和配比的选择主要考虑滑模施工速度的影响,以及不利环境中坚硬混凝土耐久性的影响. [3]Depe nding on the components’ transportation cost, in certain geographical locations the price of concrete may be as high as U.S. 75 to $100 per cubic meter, at other it may be as low as U.S. $60 to $70 per cubic meter. 根据材料的运输成本,在某些特定地区,水泥的价格会高达每立方米75至100美元,而在其他地方则会低至每立方米60至70美元. [4]Since an adequate concrete cover on reinforcement or tendons is required for structural integrity in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, the protection against failure due to excessive heat is provid ed at the same time. 由于在钢筋混凝土和预应力钢筋混凝土结构中,要求有一个足够结实的混凝土封面来确保建筑的一体性,所以,同时还要求必须提供因温度过高而导致失败的保护措施. 三单元 3.1.1 The placement location of the steel reinforcement within the concrete is specified by the concrete cover, which is the clear distance between the surface of the concrete and the reinforcement. 混凝土中加固钢筋的布置要根据混凝土覆盖层的具体情况决定，混凝土覆盖层和加固钢筋之间应保持有条理的间距。 3.1.2To construct concrete structures of even greater structural strength, very high-strength steel such as Grade 270 strands, may be used instead of Grade 60 reinforcement bars. 要建造更为坚固的混凝土结构，就要使用强度非常高的钢筋，例如，要使用270号得加固钢筋，而不是60号得。 3.1.3Therefore,designs that replicate member sizes and simplify reinforcement placement to result in easier and faster construction will usually result in being more economical than a design that achieves minimum material quantities. 因此，那些复制了构件尺寸和简化钢筋位置的设计能促使更容易更快捷的建设，这样的建设通常会比那些只能获得最小量材料的设计显得更经济 3.1.4The final design will generally be conservative even though the analysis does not refl ect the actual nonlinear structural behavior because member design is based on ultimate strength design and the ductility of reinforced concrete enable force redistributions. 最终的设计通常是保守的，即使这种分析没有表现出实际上的非线性结构行为，但因为构件设计是建立在极限强度基础之上，而且钢筋混凝土的延展性又使强度进行了重新分配。 力矩： moment 轴力：axial force 剪力：shear force 扭矩：torsion 构件：member 内力：internal force 混凝土隔板：concrete diaphragm 3.3what design criteria is for reinforced concrete ？ Safety 、Aesthetics 、functional requirement 、economy 。 第六单元 6-1 The vertical l egs and the horizontal links are themselves frames with large dimensions in the plane of the frame. 垂直支架和水平连接的自身就是在一个平面结构上拥有巨大尺寸的框架结构 6-2 the corner truss legs need strong horizontal connections at frequent modular intervals to make them function together like an equival ent cantil ever 为了使角落桁架支柱的功能等效于等效悬臂，它需要强有力的有频繁模块化间隔的横向连接来保证 6-3 the aerodynamic behaviour was greatly assisted by the apertures which reduced the cross-wind accelerations and forces due to vortex shed ding by as much as 25% 由于涡脱落多达25％从而降低了风切变加速度和力的孔大大增强了空气动力性能。 6-4 this framing resulted from the concept of a tetrahedral framed solid form where all the non-essential el ements were eliminated to create the tube and the external shaping of it 这个框架源于一个四面体框架固体状的概念，这种框架形式的所有的非基本要素被淘汰来创造管与它的外部塑造。 第七单元 7.1Design process involves the selection and or detailing of the components that make up the structural system . 设计过程包括组成结构系统元件的选择和细节设计。 7.2Two components of reaction are d eveloped in hinged support and three reaction component , one moment and two forces parallel to horizontal and vertical axis are developed in fixed support . 铰支座产生2中构件反作用力，固定支座能产生3中反作用力，即1个弯矩，以及两种分别与水平轴和纵轴平行的力。 7.3Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and predict the behavior of structures . The subjects of structural analysis are

土木工程专业英语词汇汇总

A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性；吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件；配件accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器；音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器；唧筒；激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器；承接器；转接器； addition 增设；加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂；胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口；通路；坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校；调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂；外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志；方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒；喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂；代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材；集料；碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器；搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器

土木工程专业英语试题

一、选择填空20% 1. Between the buildings （ B ）a secondary school. A. stand B. stands C. to stand D. standing 2. Neither I nor he （ B ） fond of music. A. am B. is C. are D. were 3.The laws that （ A ）how the buildings maybe made are building codes. A. tell B. ells C. told D. telling 4.It is expensive （ C ）future cities on the sea. A build B. built C. to build D. builds 5.The（ A ）cements are widely used on the construction site. A.above-mentioned B.above-mentioning C.above-mention D.above-mentions 6.The production of steel has been increased （ B）70%. A.in B.by C.at D.on 7.Let’s discuss only such questions （ C ）concern everyone of us. A.which B.that C.as D.those 8.He has to know（ D ）strong the materials are. A. that B.what C.which D. how 9.The Great Wall of China is the biggest structure（ A ）man has ever built.

土木工程专业英语全部惠宽堂

Lesson 1 Compression Members New Words 1. achieve achievement 2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的；ec centricity 偏心，偏心距 3. inevitable evitable 可避免的avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的unavoidable 4. truss 桁架triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge 5. bracing brace 支柱，支撑；bracing, 支撑，撑杆 6. slender 细长，苗条；stout; slenderness 7. buckle 压曲，屈曲；buckling load 8. stocky stout 9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly 10. stub 树桩，短而粗的东西；stub column 短柱 11. curvature 曲率；curve, curvature 12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle，贬低，诽谤； 13. convince 14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据（理由） 15. crookedness crook 钩状物，v弯曲，crooked 弯曲的 16. provision 规定，条款 Phrases and Expressions 1. compression member 2. bending moment shear force, axial force 3. call upon (on) 要求，请求，需要 4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载critical 关键的，临界的 5. cross-sectional area 6. radius of gyration 回转半径gyration 7. slenderness ratio 长细比 8. tangent modulus 切线模量 9. stub column 短柱 10. trial-and-error approach 试算法 11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的 12. residual stress 残余应力residual 13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢hot-rolled bar 14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限 16. effective length 计算长度