江苏省2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试-试题、参考答案(含语数英、政史地、物化生)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

试题、

参考答案

目 录　语文Ⅰ试题1　……………………………………………………………语文Ⅰ试题参考答案4　…………………………………………………语文Ⅱ(附加题)5　……………………………………………………语文Ⅱ(附加题)参考答案6　…………………………………………英语试题6　………………………………………………………………英语试题参考答案14　…………………………………………………数学Ⅰ试题15　…………………………………………………………数学Ⅰ试题参考答案17　………………………………………………数学Ⅱ(附加题)20　……………………………………………………数学Ⅱ(附加题)参考答案21　…………………………………………政治试题23　……………………………………………………………政治试题参考答案28　…………………………………………………历史试题29　……………………………………………………………历史试题参考答案33　…………………………………………………地理试题34　……………………………………………………………地理试题参考答案41　…………………………………………………物理试题42　……………………………………………………………物理试题参考答案47　…………………………………………………化学试题48　……………………………………………………………化学试题参考答案54　…………………………………………………生物试题55　……………………………………………………………生物试题参考答案62　…………………………………………………江苏省教育考试院

二〇一八年六月

语文Ⅰ试题

一二语言文字运用(15分)

1.在下面一段话的空缺处依次填入词语,最恰当的一组是(3分)

中国古代的儒家经典,莫不是古圣人深思熟虑二　▲　的结晶三如果把经典仅仅当作一场　▲　的说教,那你永远进不了圣学大门三必得躬亲实践,才能切实　▲　圣人的心得,

如此我们的修为才能日有所进三

A.特立独行 耳提面命 顿悟

B.特立独行 耳濡目染 领悟

C.身体力行 耳提面命 领悟

D.身体力行 耳濡目染 顿悟

2.在下面一段文字横线处填入语句,衔接最恰当的一项是(3分)

理性经济人”,把利己看作人的天性,只追求个人利益的最大化,这是西方经济学的基本假设之一三　▲　,　▲　三　▲　,　▲　,　▲　,　▲　,更倾向于暂时获得产品或服

务,或与他人分享产品或服务三使用但不占有,是分享经济最简洁的表述三

①反而更多地采取一种合作分享的思维方式

②不再注重购买二拥有产品或服务

③但在分享经济这一催化剂的作用下

④人们不再把所有权看作获得产品的最佳方式

⑤在新兴的互联网平台上

⑥这个利己主义的假设发生了变化

A.③⑥⑤①④②

B.③⑥⑤④②①

C.⑤⑥③①④②

D.⑤⑥③④②①

3.下列诗句与所描绘的古代体育活动,对应全部正确的一项是(3分)

①乐手无踪洞箫吹,精灵盘丝任翻飞三②雾縠云绡妙剪裁,好风相送上瑶台三

③浪设机关何所益,仅存边角未为雄三④来疑神女从云下,去似姮娥到月边三

A.①下围棋 ②荡秋千 ③抖空竹 ④放风筝

B.①抖空竹 ②荡秋千 ③下围棋 ④放风筝

C.①下围棋 ②放风筝 ③抖空竹 ④荡秋千

D.①抖空竹 ②放风筝 ③下围棋 ④荡秋千

4.对下面一段文字主要意思的提炼,最准确的一项是(3分)

偏见可以说是思想的放假三它是没有思想的人的家常日用,是有思想的人的星期天娱乐三假如我们不能怀挟偏见,随时随地必须得客观公正二正经严肃,那就像造屋只有客厅,没

有卧室,又好比在浴室里照镜子还得做出摄影机前的姿态三

A.没有思想的人往往更容易产生偏见三

B.即使有思想的人也常常会怀挟偏见三

C.人无法做到随时随地保持客观公正三

D.对思想而言偏见自有其存在的价值三

5.下列选项中,对右图漫画寓意的理解最贴切的一项是(3分)

A.过程特别艰难,可能预示着这一次收获很大三

B.在我们不注意的地方往往隐藏着巨大的困难三

C.对努力挣得的东西,人们会牢牢地抱住不放三

D.懂得知足常乐,会使生活中的困难更少一些三

二二文言文阅读(18分)

阅读下面的文言文,完成6~9题三

重到沭阳图记

袁枚

古之人往往于旧治之所三致意焉三盖贤者视民如家,居官而不能忘其地者,其地之人,亦不能忘之也三余宰?沭阳二年,乙丑,量移白下三今戊申矣,感吕峄亭观察三札见招,十月五日渡黄河,宿钱君接三家三钱故当时东道主,其父鸣和癯而髯,接三貌似之,与谈乃父事,转不甚晓三余离沭时,渠裁断乳故也三

夜阑置酒,闻车声啍啍,则峄亭遣使来迎三迟明行六十里,峄亭延候于十字桥,彼此喜跃,骈辚同驱三食倾,望见百雉遮迣,知沭城新筑三衣冠数十辈争来扶车三大概昔时骑竹马者,俱龙钟杖藜矣三

越翌日,入县署游观,到先人秩膳处,姊妹斗草处,昔会宾客治文卷处,缓步婆娑,凄然雪涕,虽一庖湢二一井匽,对之情生,亦不自解其何故三有张二沈两吏来,年俱八旬三说当时决?某狱,入帘荐某卷,余全不省记三憬然重提,如理儿时旧书,如失物重得三邑中朱广文工诗,吴中

翰精鉴赏,解二陈二生善画与棋,主人喜论史鉴,每漏尽,口犹澜翻三余或饮,或吟,或弈,或写小

影,或评书画,或上下古今,或招人来,或呼车往,无须臾闲三遂忘作客,兼忘其身之老且衰也三

居半月,冰霰渐飞,岁将终矣,不得已苦辞主人三主人仍送至前所迎处,代为治?筐箧,束缰靷毕,握手问曰: 何时再见先生?”余不能答,非不答也,不忍答也三嗟乎!余今年七十有三

矣,忍欺君而云再来乎?忍伤君而云不来乎?然以五十年前之令尹,朅来旧邦,世之如余者少

矣;四品尊官,奉?母闲居,犹能念及五十年前之旧令尹,世之如吕君者更少矣三离而合,合而离,离可以复合,而老不能再少三此一别也,余不能学太上之忘情,故写两图,一以付吕,一以自存,传示子孙,俾知官可重来,其官可想,迎故官如新官,其主人亦可想三孟子曰:闻伯夷二柳下惠之风者,奋乎百世之下,而况于亲炙之者乎?提笔记之,可以风世①,又不徒为区区友朋聚散之感也三 [注]①风世:劝勉世人三

(选自‘小仓山房诗文集“,有删节) 6.对下列加点词的解释,不正确

???的一项是(3分)

A.余宰?沭阳二年 宰:治理

B.说当时决?某狱 决:打开

C.代为治?筐箧 治:备办

D.奉?母闲居 奉:侍奉

7.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确

???的一项是(3分)

A.四品官员吕峄亭在家闲居期间,连续写信邀请老县令旧地重游,袁枚因此再到沭阳三

B.当年袁枚离开沭阳时,钱接三才断奶,因此谈及其父钱鸣和的往事,接三不太清楚三

C.八十多岁的张二沈两吏是袁枚的老同事,还能依稀记得些许往事,多数事已忘记了三

D.吕峄亭在寒冬时节送客至十字桥,宾主作别时,袁枚觉得自己有生之年很难再来了三

8.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语三(8分)

(1)迟明行六十里,峄亭延候于十字桥,彼此喜跃,骈辚同驱三

(2)闻伯夷二柳下惠之风者,奋乎百世之下,而况于亲炙之者乎?

9.文中 可以风世”的内容有哪些?请简要概括三(4分)

三二古诗词鉴赏(11分)

阅读下面这首唐诗,完成10~11题三

寄和州刘使君①

张籍

别离已久犹为郡,闲向春风倒酒瓶三送客特过沙口堰,看花多上水心亭三

晓来江气连城白,雨后山光满郭青三到此诗情应更远,醉中高咏有谁听?

[注]①刘使君,指唐代诗人刘禹锡,时任和州刺史三诗中沙口堰二水心亭,均在和州三

10.根据前两联,概括刘禹锡 闲”的表现,并分析他如此表现的原因三(5分)

11.尾联表达了作者什么样的情感?(6分)

四二名句名篇默写(8分)

12.补写出下列名句名篇中的空缺部分三

(1)既见复关, ▲ 三(‘诗经四卫风四氓“)

(2)故不积跬步, ▲ 三(‘荀子四劝学“)

(3)今年欢笑复明年, ▲ 三(白居易‘琵琶行“)

(4) ▲ ,不知东西三(杜牧‘阿房宫赋“)

(5)沙鸥翔集, ▲ 三(范仲淹‘岳阳楼记“)

(6)八百里分麾下炙, ▲ 三(辛弃疾‘破阵子“)

(7)浴乎沂, ▲ ,咏而归三(‘论语四先进“)

(8) ▲ ,辣手著文章三(杨继盛名联)

五二现代文阅读(一)(20分)

阅读下面的作品,完成13~16题三

小哥儿俩

凌叔华

清明那天,不但大乖二乖上的小学校放一天假,连城外七叔叔教的大学堂也不用上课了三这一天早上的太阳也像特别同小孩子们表同情,不等闹钟催过,它就跳进房里来,暖和和地爬在靠窗挂的小棉袍上三

前院子一片小孩子的尖脆的嚷声笑声,七叔叔带来了一只能说话的八哥三笼子放在一张八仙方桌子上,两个孩子跪在椅上张大着嘴望着那里头的鸟,欢喜得爬在桌上乱摇身子笑,他们的眼,一息间都不曾离开鸟笼子三二乖的嘴总没有闭上,他的小腮显得更加饱满,不用圆规,描不出那圆度了三

吃饭的时候,大乖的眼总是望着窗外,他最爱吃的春卷也忘了怎样放馅,怎样卷起来吃三二乖因为还小,都是妈妈替他卷好的,不过他到底不耐烦坐在背着鸟笼子的地方,一吃了两包,他就跑开不吃了三

饭后爸爸同叔叔要去听戏,因为昨天已经答应带孩子们一块去的,于是就雇了三辆人力车上戏园去了三两个孩子坐在车上还不断地谈起八哥三到了戏园,他们虽然零零碎碎地想起八哥的事来,但台上的锣鼓同花花袍子的戏子把他们的精神占住了三

快天黑的时候散了戏,随着爸爸叔叔回到家里,大乖二乖正是很高兴地跳着跑,忽然想到

心爱的八哥,赶紧跑到廊下挂鸟笼的地方,一望,只有个空笼子掷在地上,八哥不见了三 妈 八哥呢?”两个孩子一同高声急叫起来三

给野猫吃了!”妈的声非常沉重迟缓三

给什么野猫吃的呀?”大乖圆睁了眼,气呼呼的却有些不相信三二乖愣眼望着哥哥三

大乖哭出声来,二乖跟着哭得很伤心三他们也不听妈的话,也不听七叔叔的劝慰,爸爸早躲进书房去了三忽然大乖收了声,跳起来四面找棍子,口里嚷道: 打死那野猫,我要打死那野猫!”二乖爬在妈的膝头上,呜呜地抽咽三大乖忽然找到一根拦门的长棍子,提在手里,拉起二乖就跑三妈叫住他,他嚷道: 报仇去,不报仇不算好汉!”二乖也学着哥哥喊道: 不报仇不算好看!”妈听了二乖的话倒有些好笑了三王厨子此时正走过,他说: 少爷们,那野猫黑夜不出来的,明儿早上它来了,我替你们狠狠地打它一顿吧三”

那野猫好像有了身子,不要太打狠了,吓吓它就算了三”妈低声吩咐厨子三

大乖听见了妈的话,还是气呼呼地说: 谁叫它吃了我们的八哥,打死它,要它偿命三” 打死它才 ”二乖想照哥哥的话亦喊一下,无奈不清楚底下说什么了三他也挽起袖子,露出肥短的胳臂,圆睁着泪还未干的小眼三

第二天太阳还没出,大乖就醒了,想起了打猫的事,就喊弟弟: 快起,快起,二乖,起来打猫去三”二乖给哥哥着急声调惊醒,急忙坐起来,拿手揉开眼三然后两个人都提了毛掸子,拉了袍子,嘴里喊着报仇,跳着出去三

这是刚刚天亮了不久,后院地上的草还带着露珠儿,沾湿了这小英雄的鞋袜了三树枝上小麻雀三三五五地吵闹着飞上飞下地玩,近窗户的一棵丁香满满开了花,香得透鼻子,温和的日光铺在西边的白粉墙上三

二乖跷高脚摘了一枝丁香花,插在右耳朵上,看见地上的小麻雀吱喳叫唤,跳跃着走,很是好玩的样子,他就学它们,嘴里也哼哼着歌唱,毛掸子也掷掉了三二乖一会儿就忘掉为什么事来后院的了三他蹓达到有太阳的墙边,忽然看见装碎纸的破木箱里,有两个白色的小脑袋一高一低动着,接着咪噢咪噢地娇声叫唤,他就赶紧跑近前看去三

原来箱里藏着一堆小猫儿,小得同过年时候妈妈捏的面老鼠一样,小脑袋也是面团一样滚圆得可爱,小红鼻子同叫唤时一张一闭的小扁嘴,太好玩了三二乖高兴得要叫起来三 哥哥,你快来看看,这小东西多好玩!”二乖忽然想起来叫道,一回头哥哥正跑进后院来了三哥哥赶紧过去同弟弟在木箱子前面看,同二乖一样用手摸那小猫,学它们叫唤,看大猫喂小猫奶吃,眼睛转也不转一下三

它们多么可怜,连褥子都没有,躺在破纸的上面,一定很冷吧三”大乖说,接着出主意道, 我们一会儿跟妈妈要些棉花同它们垫一个窝儿,把饭厅的盛酒箱子弄出来,同它做两间房子,让大猫住一间,小猫在一间,像妈妈同我们一样三”

哥哥,你瞧它跟它妈一个样子三这小脑袋多好玩!”弟弟说着,又伸出方才收了的手抱起那只小黑猫三

(有删改)

13.小哥儿俩是在什么样的家庭环境中成长的?请简要分析三(6分)

14.分析小说画线部分的景物描写对情节发展的作用三(4分)

15.二乖的天真可爱表现在哪些方面?请简要概括三(4分)

16.小说叙述了小哥儿俩的日常故事,请探究作者在其中所寄寓的情感态度三(6分)

六二现代文阅读(二)(18分)

阅读下面的作品,完成17~19题三

中国建筑的希望

梁思成

建筑之始,本无所谓一定形式,更无所谓派别三所谓某系或某派建筑,其先盖完全由于当时彼地的人情风俗二政治情况之情形,气候及物产材料之供给,和匠人对于力学知识二技术巧拙之了解等复杂情况总影响所产生三一系建筑之个性,犹如一个人格,莫不是同时受父母先天的遗传和朋友师长的教益而形成的三中国的建筑,在中国整个环境总影响之下,虽各个时代各有其特征,其基本的方法及原则,却始终一贯三数千年来的匠师们,在他们自己的潮流内顺流而

下,如同欧洲中世纪的匠师们一样,对于他们自己及他们的作品都没有一种自觉三

19世纪末叶及20世纪初年,中国文化屡次屈辱于西方坚船利炮之下以后,中国却忽然到了 凡是西方的都是好的”的段落,又因其先已有帝王骄奢好奇的游戏,如郎世宁辈在圆明园建造西洋楼等事为先驱,于是 洋式楼房” 洋式门面”,如雨后春笋,酝酿出光宣以来建筑界的大混乱三正在这个时期,有少数真正或略受过建筑训练的外国建筑家,在香港二上海二天津 乃至许多内地都邑里,将他们的希腊罗马哥特等式样,似是而非地移植过来,同时还有早期的留学生,敬佩西洋城市间的高楼霄汉,帮助他们移植这种艺术三这可说是中国建筑术由匠人手中升到 士大夫”手中之始;但是这几位先辈留学建筑师,多数却对于中国式建筑根本鄙视三近来虽然有人对于中国建筑有相当兴趣,但也不过取一种神秘态度,或含糊地骄傲地用些抽象字句来对外人颂扬它;至于其结构上的美德及真正的艺术上的成功,则仍非常缺乏了解三现在中国各处 洋化”过的旧房子,竟有许多将洋式的短处,来替代中国式的长处,成了兼二者之短的 低能儿”,这些亦正可表示出他们对于中国建筑的不了解态度了三

欧洲大战以后,艺潮汹涌,近来风行欧美的 国际式”新建筑,承认机械及新材料在我们生活中已占据了主要地位三这些 国际式”建筑,名目虽然笼统,其精神观念,却是极诚实的三这种建筑现在已传至中国各通商口岸,许多建筑师又全在抄袭或模仿那种形式三但是对于新建筑有真正认识的人,都应知道现代最新的构架法,与中国固有建筑的构架法,所用材料不同,基本原则却一样 都是先立骨架,次加墙壁的三这并不是他们故意抄袭我们的形式,乃因结构使然三我们若是回顾到我们古代遗物,它们的每个部分莫不是内部结构坦率的表现,正合乎今日建筑设计人所崇尚的途径三这样两种不同时代不同文化的艺术,竟融洽相类似,在文化史中确是有趣的现象三

我们这个时期,正该是中国建筑因新科学二材料二结构而又强旺更生的时期,也是中国新建筑师产生的时期三他们自己在文化上的地位是他们自己所知道的;他们对于他们的工作是依其意向而设计的;他们并不像古代的匠师,盲目地在海中漂泊,他们自己把定了舵,向着一定的目标走三我认为,他们是最有希望的三

(有删改)

17.分析文中 兼二者之短的 低能儿’”出现的原因三(6分)

18.文中 国际式’新建筑”的内涵是什么?(6分)

19.中国建筑的希望体现在哪些方面?请联系全文,简要概述三(6分)

七二作文(70分)

20.根据以下材料,选取角度,自拟题目,写一篇不少于800字的文章;文体不限,诗歌除外三

花解语,鸟自鸣,生活中处处有语言三

不同的语言打开不同的世界,音乐二雕塑二程序二基因 莫不如此三

语言丰富生活,语言演绎生命,语言传承文明三

语文Ⅰ试题参考答案

一二语言文字运用(15分)

1.C

2.B

3.D

4.D

5.A

二二文言文阅读(18分)

6.B

7.C

8.(1)天快亮的时候,行驶了六十里,吕峄亭在十字桥迎接,两人(见面)十分欣喜,便驱车

一同前往三

(2)伯夷二柳下惠那样的高风,百代之后的人听到,也能奋发,更何况亲受熏陶的人呢?

9.为官当勤政爱民,百姓会怀念他;为人当感恩重义,后代会仿效他三

三二古诗词鉴赏(11分)

10.表现:把酒当春,绕道送客,常去赏花三原因:长期得不到升迁,怀才不遇;喜欢自然山水三

11.对刘禹锡诗歌艺术的钦佩之情;对刘禹锡目前境况的同情之感;对自己能感知对方心意

的知音之许三

四二名句名篇默写(8分)

12.(1)载笑载言 (2)无以至千里 (3)秋月春风等闲度 (4)高低冥迷

(5)锦鳞游泳　(6)五十弦翻塞外声(7)风乎舞雩 (8)铁肩担道义

五二现代文阅读(一)(20分)

13.经济状况良好:家有厨子和花园等;文化氛围浓厚:家有书房,经常看戏,注重教育等;人

际关系和谐:尊重孩子,兄弟友爱,主仆融洽等三

14.鸟语花香与温暖的阳光,营造了充满生机的氛围,为人物的兴趣转移和情绪变化作铺

垫; 日光” 西边的白粉墙”等描写,为二乖在墙边发现小猫埋下伏笔三

15.外貌憨态可掬;言行稚拙,爱模仿;情感表达率真;注意力易转移;喜爱小动物,好奇心强三

16.对童真童趣的欣赏;对儿童成长的关注;对母爱的颂扬;对和谐家庭氛围的赞许;对善良

人性的礼赞三

六二现代文阅读(二)(18分)

17.社会上有崇洋媚外的风气;一部分建筑师对中国建筑存在鄙视;一部分建筑师虽对中国

建筑感兴趣,但缺乏真正的了解三

18.承认机械及新材料的主要地位;有极诚实的精神观念;其构架法的基本原则是先立骨

架二次加墙壁三

19.数千年来中国建筑取得了真正的艺术成就,有其一贯的基本方法及原则;中国建筑因新

科学二材料二结构正赶上强旺更生的时期;拥有文化自信和自觉艺术追求的新建筑师群体正在产生三

七二作文(70分)

20.略

语文Ⅱ(附加题)

一二阅读材料,完成21~23题三(10分)

书‘汤海秋诗集“后

龚自珍

人以诗名,诗尤以人名三唐大家若李二杜二韩及昌谷二玉溪;及宋二元,眉山二涪陵二遗山,当代吴娄东,皆诗与人为一三人外无诗,诗外无人,其面目也完三益阳汤鹏,海秋其字,有诗三千余篇,芟而存之二千余篇,评者无虑数十家,最后属龚巩祚作一言,巩祚亦一言而已,曰:完三何以谓之完也?海秋心迹尽在是所欲言者在是所不欲言而卒不能不言在是所不欲言而竟不言于所不言求其言亦在是三要不肯挦撦①他人之言以为己言,任举一篇,无论识与不识,曰:此汤益阳之诗三

[注]①挦撦:摘取三

21.用斜线 /”给上面文言文中的画线部分断句三(限?4?处?)(4分)

22.文中昌谷二玉溪的本名分别是　▲　二　▲　三(2分)

23.根据材料,用自己的话概括汤鹏诗作的特点三(4分)

二二名著阅读题(15分)

24.下列对有关名著的说明,不正确的两项

??????是(5分)(选择两项且全答对得5分,选择两项只答对一项得2分,其余情况得0分)

A.‘三国演义“中,曹操攻陷徐州后,派遣张辽劝降陷入困境中的关羽,关羽提出了 卸甲”

的三个条件,这一情节突出了关羽的忠义形象三

B.‘茶馆“中,秦仲义说: 只有那么办,国家才能富强!”他说的 那么办”是指通过收回房

子二卖掉土地等途径,筹集资金来开办工厂三

C.‘风波“中,七斤曾经在喝醉后骂有些遗老臭味的赵七爷是 贱胎”,并在革命后很快剪掉

了辫子,这体现了他是一个具有新思想的农民三

D.‘老人与海“中,老渔夫圣地亚哥奋力捕到的大马林鱼被鲨鱼给毁了,回到港口后,男孩

遗憾地对他说,以后他们俩不能一起捕鱼了三

E.‘欧也妮四葛朗台“中,葛朗台太太的性情极好,从不向丈夫要钱,她有着天使般的温柔,

她的善良和忍让反衬了葛朗台的冷漠和贪婪三

25.简答题(10分)

(1)‘红楼梦“ 散余资贾母明大义,复世职政老沐天恩”一回中,贾母得知府中库藏已空二入

不敷出的实情后,将自己多年的积蓄拿出来,以渡难关三请结合这一情节,分析贾母的形象特点三(6分)

(2)巴金的‘家“中,梅表姐因躲避炮火再次来到高家,她在花园里看见觉新站在树下,她

嘴唇微微动一下,像要说话”,最终还是 转过身默默地走了”三请说明梅表姐为什么会有这样的举动三(4分)

三二材料概括分析题(15分)

阅读材料,完成26~28题三

1982年,一位美国教授在校园BBS上建议用字符 :-)”来表示笑话,这个由ASCII(美国标准信息交换代码)元素组成的笑脸大大激发了人们的想象力和生产力,此后各种各样的表情符号被源源不断地创造出来,因此它被称为 改变历史的一张笑脸”三颜文字是它的升级版,其显著特点是用键盘符二标点或者两者的结合体模拟出人的面部和某种身体姿态,用来方便快捷地表达和传递情绪三以QQ表情中的基础默认表情 小黄脸”为代表的表情符号,被称

作绘文字,呲牙 ”二偷笑 ”二笑哭 ”等惟妙惟肖的符号简洁而又形象,极大丰富了聊天时的选择和乐趣三以90后二00后为代表的年轻群体成为网络主力军后,一些真人表情在网络上竞相出彩,GIF动画表情的传播也如火如荼,标志着网络表情符号进入自定义创作发展阶段三在网络社交中,网络表情符号比文字有着先天的优势三从接受者方面说,解读文字容易对信息发送者的语气二态度产生理解偏差,而图文搭配的表情图像,会让信息的准确度和可接受度更加凸显,使传播效果事半功倍三表情符号还使人们在交流时打破了时间和空间上的限制,建立欢快轻松的 在场”语境,可以加强交流的互动性三其实人的社会互动也是一场关于 自我呈现”的表演三长期处于表情符号丰富的交流语境中,通过独特的表情符号进行自我表达,展现个性,会不知不觉地将 我”塑造为社交所需要的形象三

(节选自胡远珍‘网络社交中表情符号的表达与象征意义分析“,有删改)

26.网络表情符号经历了哪几个发展阶段?(4分)

27.请简要概括网络表情符号的特点三(5分)

28.根据材料,概括网络表情符号流行的原因三(6分)

语文Ⅱ(附加题)参考答案

一二阅读材料,完成21~23题三(10分)

21.海秋心迹尽在是/所欲言者在是/所不欲言而卒不能不言在是/所不欲言而竟不言/于所

不言求其言亦在是三

22.李贺二李商隐

23.言为心声,诗如其人;不沿袭他人之言三

二二名著阅读题(15分)

24.CD

25.(1)处变不惊,性格坚强;处置果断,能力出众;分配得当,处事公平;轻财重义,顾全大局三

(2)心中仍有旧情,想跟心上人说话;婚姻现状和礼教束缚,不便单独与觉新见面三

三二材料概括分析题(15分)

26.ASCII元素组成的表情符号;颜文字;绘文字;自定义表情符号三

27.直观形象;方便快捷;简洁;时尚;娱乐性强三

28.信息传播具有更高的准确度和可接受度;建立 在场”语境,加强交流的互动性;有助于

个体的自我表达三

英　语　试　题

第一部分　听力(共两节,满分20分)

做题时,先将答案标在试卷上三录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上三

第一节　(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)

听下面5段对话三每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A二B二C三个选项中选出最佳选项三听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题三每段对话仅读一遍三

例:How much is the shirt?

A.￡19.15.

B.￡9.18.

C.￡9.15.

答案是C三

1.What will James do tomorrow?

A.Watch a TV program.

B.Give a talk.

C.Write a report.

2.What can we say about the woman?

A.She’s generous.

B.She’s curious.

C.She’s helpful.

3.When does the train leave?

A.At6∶30.

B.At8∶30.

C.At10∶30.

4.How does the woman go to work?

A.By car.

B.On foot.

C.By bike.

5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A.Classmates.

B.Teacher and student.

C.Doctor and patient.

第二节　(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

听下面5段对话或独白三每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A二B二C三个选项中选出最佳选项三听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间三每段对话或独白读两遍三

听第6段材料,回答第6二7题三

6.What does the woman regret?

A.Giving up her research.

B.Dropping out of college.

C.Changing her major.

7.What is the woman interested in studying now?

A.Ecology.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,cation.

C.Chemistry.

听第7段材料,回答第8二9题三

8.What is the man?

A.A hotel manager.

B.A tour guide.

C.A taxi driver.

9.What is the man doing for the woman?

A.Looking for some local foods.

B.Showing her around the seaside.

C.Offering information about a hotel.

听第8段材料,回答第10至12题三

10.Where does the conversation probably take place?

A.In an office.

B.At home.

C.At a restaurant.

11.What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?

A.Go to a concert.

B.Visit a friend.

C.Work extra hours.

12.Who is Alice going to call?

A.Mike.

B.Joan.

C.Catherine.

听第9段材料,回答第13至16题三

13.Why does the woman meet the man?

A.To look at an apartment.

B.To deliver some furniture.

C.To have a meal together.

14.What does the woman like about the carpet?

A.Its color.

B.Its design.

C.Its quality.

15.What does the man say about the kitchen?

A.It’s a good size.

B.It’s newly painted.

C.It’s adequately equipped.

16.What will the woman probably do next?

A.Go downtown.

B.Talk with her friend.

C.Make payment.

听第10段材料,回答第17至20题三

17.Who is the speaker probably talking to?

A.Movie fans.

B.News reporters.

C.College students.

18.When did the speaker take English classes?

A.Before he left his hometown.

B.After he came to America.

C.When he was15years old.

19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?

A.He’s proud.

B.He’s sympathetic.

C.He’s grateful.

20.What does the speaker mainly talk about?

A.How education shaped his life.

B.How his language skills improved.

C.How he managed his business well.

第二部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)

第一节:单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

请认真阅读下面各题,从题中所给的A二B二C二D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑三

例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.

A.however

B.whatever

C.whichever

D.whenever

答案是B三

21.By boat is the only way to get here,which is we arrived.

A.where

B.when

C.why

D.how

22.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might the things they see.

A.indicate

B.investigate

C.imitate

D.innovate

23.Self?driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.when

24.It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.

A.would

B.should

C.could

D.might

25.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which a clear road

map and timetable.

A.calls for

B.calls on

C.calls off

D.calls up

26.Around13,500new jobs were created during the period, the expected number of12,000

held by market analysts.

A.having exceeded

B.to exceed

C.exceeded

D.exceeding

27.There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I a second chance to become more

involved.

A.had

B.will have

C.would have had

D.have had

28. You know what?I’ve got a New Year concert ticket.

Oh, You’re kidding.

A.so what?

B.go ahead.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,e on.

D.what for?

29. you can sleep well,you will lose the ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one

or two nights.

A.Once

B.Unless

C.If

D.When

30.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan in the past two years.

A.had been carried out

B.would be carried out

C.is being carried out

D.has been carried out

31.Hopefully in2025we will no longer be e?mailing each other,for we more convenient

electronic communication tools by then.

A.have developed

B.had developed

C.will have developed

D.developed

32.Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the you’ve made.

A.assignment

B.association

C.acquisition

D.assumption

33.China’s soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China

globally.

A.in line with

B.in reply to

C.in return for

D.in honour of

34.Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is to invest in sufficient training for

his staff.

A.keen

B.reluctant

C.anxious

D.ready

35. What happened?Your boss seems to .

Didn’t you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?

A.be over the moon

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,ugh his head off

C.be all ears

D.fly off the handle 第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A二B二C二D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑三

Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been　36　to pay lawyers’fees.To make matters worse,Moth was diagnosed(诊断) with a　37　disease.There was no　38　,only pain relief.

Failing to find any other way out,they decided to make a　39　journey,as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.

This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and　40　recovery.When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just￡320in the bank.They planned to keep the　41　low by living on boiled noodles,with the　42　hamburger shop treat.

Wild camping is　43　in England.To avoid being caught,the Winns had to get their tent up 44　and packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their50s is a lot　45　than they remember it was in their20s.Raynor　46　all over and desired a bath.Moth,meanwhile,after an initial　47　,found his symptoms were strangely 48　by their daily tiring journey.

　49　,the couple found that their bodies turned for the better,with re?found strong muscles

that they thought had　50　forever. Our hair was fried and falling out,nails broken,clothes 51　to a thread,but we were alive.”

During the journey,Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes, 52　had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare,an empty page at the end of a(n)　53　written book.It had also given me a　54　,either to leave that page　55　or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.”

36.A.drawn up https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,ed up C.backed up D.kept up

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,d https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,mon C.preventable D.serious

38.A.cure B.luck C.care D.promise

39.A.business B.walking C.bus D.rail

40.A.expected B.frightening C.disappointing D.surprising

41.A.budget B.revenue https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,pensation D.allowance

42.A.frequent B.occasional C.abundant D.constant

43.A.unpopular https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,wful C.attractive D.illegal

44.A.soon B.early https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,te D.slowly

45.A.harder B.easier C.cheaper D.funnier

46.A.rolled B.bled C.ached D.trembled

47.A.struggle B.progress C.excitement D.research

48.A.developed B.controlled C.reduced D.increased

49.A.Initially B.Eventually C.Temporarily D.Consequently

50.A.gained B.kept C.wounded D.lost

51.A.sewn B.washed C.worn D.ironed

52.A.Doctors B.Hiking https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,wyers D.Homelessness

53.A.well B.partly C.neatly D.originally

54.A.choice B.reward C.promise D.break

55.A.loose B.full C.blank D.missing

第三部分:阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A二B二C二D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑三

A

56.How much may they pay if an11?year?old girl and her working parents visit the museum?

A.$12.

B.$37.

C.$50.

D.$62.

57.The attraction of the Cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that .

A.it opens all the year round

B.its collections date from the Middle Ages

C.it has a modern European?style garden

D.it sells excellent European glass collections

B

In the1760s,Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup,Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out,which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.

Today,scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat:diners served themselves about20percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food.When a dark?colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one,customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.

Lighting matters,too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness,they couldn’t tell how much they’d had:those given extra?large shares ate more than everyone else,but were none the wiser they didn’t feel fuller,and they were just as ready for dessert.

Time is money,but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast?food places,fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round:put on some Mozart(莫扎特).When classical,rather than pop,music was playing,diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect:diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon,or no scent.

Meanwhile,things that you might expect to discourage spending bad”tables,crowding, high prices don’t necessarily.Diners at bad tables next to the kitchen door,say spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not be overly concerned about bad’tables,”given that they’re profitable.As for crowds,a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation,suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling

a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was11percent tastier.

58.The underlined phrase none the wiser”in paragraph3most probably implies that the

customers were .

A.not aware of eating more than usual

B.not willing to share food with others

C.not conscious of the food quality

D.not fond of the food provided

59.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?

A.Playing classical music.

B.Introducing lemon scent.

C.Making the light brighter.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,ing plates of larger size.

60.What does the last paragraph talk about?

A.Tips to attract more customers.

B.Problems restaurants are faced with.

C.Ways to improve restaurants’reputation.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,mon misunderstandings about restaurants.

C

If you want to disturb the car industry,you’d better have a few billion dollars:Mom?and?pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.But in agriculture,small farmers can get the best of the major players.By connecting directly with customers,and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统),small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys.As the co?founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition(NYFC,美国青年农会)and a family farmer myself,I have a front?row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.

For example,take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester,a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer,Jonathan Dysinger,in Tennessee,with a small loan from a local Slow Money group.It enables small?scale farmers to harvest175pounds of green vegetables per hour a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.Before the tool came out,small farmers couldn’t touch the price per pound offered by California farms.But now,with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product,they can stay in business.

The sustainable success of small farmers,though,won’t happen without fundamental changes to the industry.One crucial factor is secure access to https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,petition from investors,developers,

and established large farmers makes owning one’s own land unattainable for many new farmers. From2004to2013,agricultural land values doubled,and they continue to rise in many regions.

Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non?existent path to citizenship the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.With farmers over the age of65outnumbering(多于)farmers younger than35by six to one,and with two?thirds of the nation’s farmland in need of a new farmer,we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation’s food.

There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can’t clumsily put them together before us.We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation,as we push for immigration reform,and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds.With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress,consumers must take a stand with young farmers.

61.The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce .

A.the progress made in car industry

B.a special feature of agriculture

C.a trend of development in agriculture

D.the importance of investing in car industry

62.What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph2?

A.Loans to small local farmers are necessary.

B.Technology is vital for agricultural development.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,petition between small and big farms is fierce.

D.Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.

63.What is the difficulty for those new farmers?

A.To gain more financial aid.

B.To hire good farm managers.

C.To have farms of their own.

D.To win old farmers’support.

64.What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?

A.Seek support beyond NYFC.

B.Expand farmland conservation.

C.Become members of NYFC.

D.Invest more to improve technology.

D

Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self?worth,a major study warned.

It found many youngsters(少年)now measure their status by how much public approval they get online,often through likes”.Some change their behaviour in real life to improve their image on the web.

The report into youngsters aged from8to12was carried out by Children’s Commissioner(专员)Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill?equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.

Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo?opportunities and then messaging friends and friends of friends to demand likes”for their online posts.

The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly,and around the clock.

Children aged8to10were starting to feel happy”when others liked their posts.However, those in the10to12age group were concerned with how many people like their posts”, suggesting a need”for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.

Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms,and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.

She said: Children are using social media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school.But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”

As their world expanded,she said,children compared themselves to others online in a way that was hugely damaging in terms of their self?identity,in terms of their confidence,but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.

Miss Longfield added: Then there is this push to connect if you go offline,will you miss

something,will you miss out,will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following,all of those come together in a huge way at once.”

For children it is very,very difficult to cope with emotionally.”The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study Life in Likes found that children as young as8were using social media platforms largely for play.

However,the research involving eight groups of32children aged8to12 suggested that as they headed toward their teens,they became increasingly anxious online.

By the time they started secondary school at age11 children were already far more aware of their image online and felt under huge pressure to ensure their posts were popular,the report found.

However,they still did not know how to cope with mean?spirited jokes,or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities(名人)or more brilliant friends online.The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.

The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield(雷区)they faced online.And she said social media companies must also take more responsibility”.They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early,or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.

Javed Khan,of children’s charity Barnardo’s,said: It’s vital that new compulsory age?appropriate relationship and sex education lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social media.

It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”

65.Why did some secondary school students feel too much pressure?

A.They were not provided with adequate equipment.

B.They were not well prepared for emotional risks.

C.They were required to give quick responses.

D.They were prevented from using mobile phones.

66.Some social app companies were to blame because .

A.they didn’t adequately check their users’registration

B.they organized photo trips to attract more youngsters

C.they encouraged youngsters to post more photos

D.they didn’t stop youngsters from staying up late

67.Children’s comparing themselves to others online may lead to .

A.less friendliness to each other

B.lower self?identity and confidence

C.an increase in online cheating

D.a stronger desire to stay online

68.According to Life in Likes,as children grew,they became more anxious to .

A.circulate their posts quickly

B.know the qualities of their posts

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,e mobile phones for play

D.get more public approval

69.What should parents do to solve the problem?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4c2643567.html,municate more with secondary schools.

B.Urge media companies to create safer apps.

C.Keep track of children’s use of social media.

D.Forbid their children from visiting the web.

70.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.The influence of social media on children.

B.The importance of social media to children.

C.The problem in building a healthy relationship.

D.The measure to reduce risks from social media.

第四部分:任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个

??最恰当的单词三 注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上三每个空格只填一个单词三

How Arts Promote Our Economy

When most people think of the arts,they imagine the end product,the beautiful painting,a wonderful piece of music,or an award?winning performance in the theater.But arts groups bring broader value to our communities.The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.

The arts create jobs that help develop the economy.Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists,technical experts,managers,musicians,or writers to create an appealing piece of art.

These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.

Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. If you build it they will come”is a misleading belief.Painters,digital media experts,photographers,booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event.According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition,arts agencies employ more than10,000people as full?or part?time employees or independent contractors.

A successful arts neighborhood creates a ripple effect(连锁反应)throughout a community.In 2005,when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town,the location was considered a poor area of town.After investing more than$1million in reconstructing the building,we began producing a full season of theater performances,jazz concerts,and year?round arts education programs in2008.Nearly40percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.

No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.Today, there are galleries,studios,restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences,where there is renewed life and energy.In this way,arts and culture also serve as a public good.

TeCo Theatrical Productions Inc.made use of Bloomberg’s investment of$35,000to get nearly$400,000in public and private sector support during the two?year period.Further,Dallas arts and arts?based businesses produce$298for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities.In Philadelphia,a metro area smaller than Dallas,the arts have an economic impact of almost$3billion and support44,000jobs,80percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants,marketers,construction workers,hotel managers,printers,and other kinds of art workers.

The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported,the entire small?business community benefits.

It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit.But in order to stay in business,arts groups must produce returns.If you are a student studying the arts,chances are you have been ill?advised to have a plan B.But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.

Arts as an

economic driver

Our communities(71)　▲　from arts in terms of economy.

(72)　▲　of arts’promoting our economy Arts activity demands a(n)(73)　▲　effort.It involves creation, performance,and(74)　▲　.

◆Artists make a living through their creative work.

◆Others get paid by marketing the event.

Arts have a gradually spreading(75)　▲　.They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts.

◆Besides tickets,some jazz lovers will pay their(76)　▲　to and

from the events.

◆Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together

to share their experience and renew their energy.

Investment in arts could produce potential(77)　▲　economic results.

◆TeCo used a$35,000art investment to attract an overall support of

$400,000.

◆In Dallas,one dollar invested in arts could harvest an extraordinary

return of nearly$300.

◆In Philadelphia the arts have created about35,000job opportunities

for workers(78)　▲　arts industry.

Art students making

a good living With these(79)　▲　in mind,art students need not worry about their career and have a(n)(80)　▲　plan.

第五部分:书面表达(满分25分)

81.请阅读下面文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章三

Li Jiang6July,Sunny Our family will go on a trip next month and need a suitcase.Two days ago,Mom asked me to find relevant information on the internet.But the information I got was rich and varied,or even contradictory.Confused,I simply based my decision on the ratings.Within five minutes,we ordered the one we were satisfied with.This afternoon,Mom received the case and told me she liked it very much.

Su Hua6July,Sunny This morning,our family went out,hanging round in the downtown area.We found a rating of the Top Ten Restaurants,and went into one of them.We spent quite a lot of money,but were not happy.Mom complained a lot,and said that despite its high ratings,the food was not to our taste.I was puzzled.Should I believe in these ratings,or should I not?

【写作内容】

1.用约30个词概括上述利用排名(ratings)进行消费的现象;

2.谈谈你如何看待消费排名,然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法三

【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

3.不必写标题三

【评分标准】

内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当三

英语试题参考答案

第一部分(共20小题;每小题1分,共20分)

1.B

2.C

3.C

4.B

5.A

6.B

7.A

8.B

9.C10.C

11.A12.B13.A14.A15.C16.B17.C18.B19.C20.A

第二部分(共35小题;每小题1分,共35分)

21.D22.C23.B24.B25.A26.D27.A28.C29.B30.A

31.C32.D33.A34.B35.D36.B37.D38.A39.B40.D

41.A42.B43.D44.C45.A46.C47.A48.C49.B50.D

51.C52.D53.B54.A55.C

第三部分(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)

56.C57.B58.A59.A60.D61.B62.D63.C64.A65.B

66.A67.B68.D69.C70.A

第四部分(共10小题;每小题1分,共10分)

71.benefit 72.Ways 73.joint/collective 74.promotion/marketing

75.effect76.fares77.positive78.outside/beyond

79.statistics/data/analyses80.alternative

第五部分(满分25分)

81.Possible version one:

As a major channel of consumption information,the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly,the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.

I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly,the higher rating means

the higher quality of the product,or better service.Based on the ratings,I bought my beloved backpack,saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.Secondly,ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.For example,there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case,it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.

There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.

(150words)

Possible version two:

Nowadays,most commodities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings,easy to access,are playing an increasingly important role in customers ’purchase decision.However,results are sometimes unsatisfactory.

There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers,but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know,most of the ratings are based on others ’judgment on the product or service concerned.Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state.Apparently,blindly following others ’advice will affect our own judgment.Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers.It has become a common practice for some to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales.

Therefore,we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.

(150words)

数学Ⅰ试题

参考公式: 锥体的体积V =13Sh ,其中S 是锥体的底面积,h 是锥体的高.一二填空题:本大题共14小题,每小题5分,共计70分.请把答案填写在答题卡相应位置上????????.(第3题)1.已知集合A =0,1,2,{}8,B =-1,1,6,{}8,那么A ∩B =　▲　.2.若复数z 满足i 四z =1+2i,其中i 是虚数单位,则z 的实部为　▲　.3.已知5位裁判给某运动员打出的分数的茎叶图如图所示,那么这5位裁判打出的分数的平均数为　▲　.　(第4题)4.一个算法的伪代码如图所示,执行此算法,最后输出的S 的值为　▲　.5.函数f (x )=log 2x -1的定义域为　▲　.6.某兴趣小组有2名男生和3名女生,现从中任选2名学生去参加活动,则恰好选中2名女生的概率为　▲　.7.已知函数y =sin(2x +φ)(-π2<φ<π2)的图象关于直线x =π3对称,则φ的值为　▲　.8.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,若双曲线x 2a 2-y 2b 2=1(a >0,b >0)的右焦点F (c ,0)到一条渐近线的距离为32c ,则其离心率的值为　▲　.9.函数f (x )满足f (x +4)=f (x )(x ∈R ),且在区间(-2,2]上,f (x )=cos πx 2,　0

-2

个零点,则f (x )在[-1,1]上的最大值与最小值的和为　▲　.12.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,A 为直线l :y =2x 上在第一象限内的点,B (5,0),以AB 为直径的圆C 与直线l 交于另一点D .若→AB 四→CD =0,则点A 的横坐标为　▲　.

13.在△ABC 中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,∠ABC =120°,∠ABC 的平分线交AC 于点D ,且BD =1,则4a +c 的最小值为　▲　.14.已知集合A =x x =2n -1,n ∈N {}*,B =x x =2n ,n ∈N {}*.将A ∪B 的所有

元素从小到大依次排列构成一个数列a {}n .记S n 为数列a {}n 的前n 项和,则使得S n >12a n +1成立的n 的最小值为　▲　.二二解答题:本大题共6小题,共计90分.请在答题卡指定区域???????内作答,解答时应写出文字说明二证明过程或演算步骤.(第15题)15.(本小题满分14分)在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,AA 1=AB ,AB 1⊥B 1C 1.求证:(1)AB ∥平面A 1B 1C ;(2)平面ABB 1A 1⊥平面A 1BC.16.(本小题满分14分)已知α,β为锐角,tan α=43,cos(α+β)=-55.(1)求cos 2α的值;(2)求tan(α-β)的值.17.(本小题满分14分)某农场有一块农田,如图所示,它的边界由圆O 的一段圆弧MPN (P 为此圆弧的中点)和线段MN 构成.已知圆O 的半径为40米,点P 到MN 的距离为50米.现规划在此农田上修建(第17题)两个温室大棚,大棚Ⅰ内的地块形状为矩形ABCD ,大棚Ⅱ内的地块形状为△CDP ,要求A ,B 均在线段MN 上,C ,D 均在圆弧上.设OC 与MN 所成的角为θ.(1)用θ分别表示矩形ABCD 和△CDP 的面积,并确定sin θ的取值范围;(2)若大棚Ⅰ内种植甲种蔬菜,大棚Ⅱ内种植乙种蔬菜,且甲二乙两种蔬菜的单位面积年产值之比为4∶3.求当θ为何值时,能使甲二乙两种蔬菜的年总产值最大.18.(本小题满分16分)(第18题)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,椭圆C 过点(3,12),焦点为F 1(-3,0),F 2(3,0),圆O 的直径为F 1F 2.(1)求椭圆C 及圆O 的方程;(2)设直线l 与圆O 相切于第一象限内的点P.①若直线l 与椭圆C 有且只有一个公共点,求点P 的坐标;②直线l 与椭圆C 交于A ,B 两点.若△OAB 的面积为267,求直线l 的方程.19.(本小题满分16分)记f ′(x ),g ′(x )分别为函数f (x ),g (x )的导函数.若存在x 0∈R ,满足f (x 0)=g (x 0)且f ′(x 0)=g ′(x 0),则称x 0为函数f (x )与g (x )的一个 S 点”.(1)证明:函数f (x )=x 与g (x )=x 2+2x -2不存在 S 点”;(2)若函数f (x )=ax 2-1与g (x )=ln x 存在 S 点”,求实数a 的值;(3)已知函数f (x )=-x 2+a ,g (x )=b e x x .对任意a >0,判断是否存在b >0,使函数f (x )与g (x )在区间(0,+￥)内存在 S 点”,并说明理由.20.(本小题满分16分)设a {}n 是首项为a 1,公差为d 的等差数列,b {}n 是首项为b 1,公比为q 的等比数列.(1)设a 1=0,b 1=1,q =2,若a n -b n ≤b 1对n =1,2,3,4均成立,求d 的取值范围;(2)若a 1=b 1>0,m ∈N *,q ∈(1,m 2],证明:存在d ∈R ,使得a n -b n ≤b 1对

n =2,3, ,m +1均成立,并求d 的取值范围(用b 1

数学Ⅰ试题参考答案

一二填空题:本题考查基础知识二基本运算和基本思想方法.每小题5分,共计70分. 1.1,{}82.23.904.85.[2,+∞)6.3107.-π68.29.2210.4311.-312.313.914.27二二解答题15.本小题主要考查直线与直线二直线与平面以及平面与平面的位置关系,考查空间想象能力和推理论证能力.满分14分.

证明:(1)在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,AB ∥A 1B 1.

(第15题)因为AB ?平面A 1B 1C ,A 1B 1ì平面A 1B 1C ,

所以AB ∥平面A 1B 1C.(2)在平行六面体ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1中,四边形ABB 1A 1为平行四边形.又因为AA 1=AB ,所以四边形ABB 1A 1为菱形,因此AB 1⊥A 1B.又因为AB 1⊥B 1C 1,BC ∥B 1C 1,所以AB 1⊥BC.又因为A 1B ∩BC =B ,A 1B ì平面A 1BC ,BC ì平面A 1BC ,所以AB 1⊥平面A 1BC.

因为AB 1ì平面ABB 1A 1,所以平面ABB 1A 1⊥平面A 1BC.16.本小题主要考查同角三角函数关系二两角和(差)及二倍角的三角函数,考查运算求解能力.满分14分.解:(1)因为tan α=43,tan α=sin αcos α,所以sin α=43cos α.因为sin 2α+cos 2α=1,所以cos 2α=925,因此,cos 2α=2cos 2α-1=-725.(2)因为α,β为锐角,所以α+β∈(0,π).又因为cos(α+β)=-55,所以sin(α+β)=1-cos 2(α+β)=255,因此tan(α+β)=-2.因为tan α=43,所以tan 2α=2tan α1-tan 2α=-247,因此,tan(α-β)=tan[2α-(α+β)]=tan 2α-tan(α+β)1+tan 2αtan(α+β)=-211.17.本小题主要考查三角函数的应用二用导数求最值等基础知识,考查直观想象和数学建模及运用数学知识分析和解决实际问题的能力.满分14分.解:(1)连结PO 并延长交MN 于H ,则PH ⊥MN ,所以OH =10.过O 作OE ⊥BC 于E ,则OE ∥MN ,所以∠COE =θ,故OE =40cos θ,EC =40sin θ,则矩形ABCD 的面积为2×40cos θ(40sin θ+10)=800(4sin θcos θ+cos θ),△CDP 的面积为12×2×40cos θ(40-40sin θ)

过N 作GN ⊥MN ,分别交圆弧和OE 的延长线于G 和K ,则GK =KN =10.令∠GOK =θ0,则sin θ0=14,θ0∈(0,π6).当θ∈[θ0,π2)时,才能作出满足条件的矩形ABCD ,所以sin θ的取值范围是[14,1).答:矩形ABCD 的面积为800(4sin θcos θ+cos θ)平方米,△CDP 的面积为1600(cos θ-sin θcos θ)平方米,sin θ的取值范围是[14,1).(2)因为甲二乙两种蔬菜的单位面积年产值之比为4∶3,设甲的单位面积的年产值为4k ,乙的单位面积的年产值为3k (k >0),则年总产值为4k ×800(4sin θcos θ+cos θ)+3k ×1600(cos θ-sin θcos θ)=8000k (sin θcos θ+cos θ),θ∈[θ0,π2).设f (θ)=sin θcos θ+cos θ,θ∈[θ0,π2),则f ′(θ)=cos 2θ-sin 2θ-sin θ=-(2sin 2θ+sin θ-1)=-(2sin θ-1)(sin θ+1).令f ′(θ)=0,得θ=π6,当θ∈(θ0,π6)时,f ′(θ)>0,所以f (θ)为增函数;当θ∈(π6,π2)时,f ′(θ)<0,所以f (θ)为减函数,因此,当θ=π6时,f (θ)取到最大值.答:当θ=π6时,能使甲二乙两种蔬菜的年总产值最大.18.本小题主要考查直线方程二圆的方程二圆的几何性质二椭圆方程二椭圆的几何性质二直线与圆及椭圆的位置关系等知识,考查分析问题能力和运算求解能力.满分16分.

解:(1)因为椭圆C 的焦点为F 1(-3,0),F 2(3,0),可设椭圆C 的方程为x 2a 2+y 2b 2=1(a >b >0).又点(3,12)在椭圆C 上,所以3a 2+14b 2=1,a 2-b 2=3{,解得a 2=4,b 2=1{

.因此,椭圆C 的方程为x 24+y 2=1.因为圆O 的直径为F 1F 2,所以其方程为x 2+y 2=3.(2)①设直线l 与圆O 相切于P (x 0,y 0)(x 0>0,y 0>0),则x 02+y 02=3,所以直线l 的方程为y =-x 0y 0(x -x 0)+y 0,即y =-x 0y 0x +3y 0.由x 24+y 2=1,y =-x 0y 0x +3y 0ì?í????, 消去y ,得(4x 02+y 02)x 2-24x 0x +36-4y 02=0. (*)因为直线l 与椭圆C 有且只有一个公共点,

所以△=(-24x 0)2-4(4x 02+y 02)(36-4y 02)=48y 02(x 02-2)=0.因为x 0,y 0>0,所以x 0=2,y 0=1.因此,点P 的坐标为(2,1).

②因为三角形OAB 的面积为267,所以12AB 四OP =267,从而AB =427.(第18题)设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2),

由(*)得x 1,2=,

所以AB 2=(x 1-x 2)2+(y 1-y 2)2=(1+x 02y 02)四48y 02(x 02-2)(4x 02+y 02)2

.因为x 02+y 02=3,所以AB 2=16(x 02-2)(x 02+1)2=3249,即2x 04-45x 02+100=0,解得x 02=52(x 20=20舍去),则y 02=12,因此P 的坐标为(102,22).综上,直线l 的方程为y =-5x +32.19.本小题主要考查利用导数研究初等函数的性质,考查综合运用数学思想方法分析与解决问题以及逻辑推理能力.满分16分.

解:(1)函数f (x )=x ,g (x )=x 2+2x -2,　则f ′(x )=1,g ′(x )=2x +2.由f (x )=g (x )且f ′(x )=g ′(x ),得x =x 2+2x -2,1=2x +2{,此方程组无解,因此,f (x )与g (x )不存在 S 点”.(2)函数f (x )=ax 2-1,g (x )=ln x ,则f ′(x )=2ax ,g ′(x )=1x .设x 0为f (x )与g (x )的 S 点”,由f (x 0)=g (x 0)且f ′(x 0)=g ′(x 0),得ax 02-1=ln x 0,2ax 0=1x 0{,　即ax 02-1=ln x 0,2ax 02=1{, (*)得ln x 0=-12,即x 0=e -12,则a =12(e -12)2

=e 2.当a =e 2时,x 0=e -12满足方程组(*),即x 0为f (x )与g (x )的 S 点”.因此,a 的值为e 2.(3)对任意a >0,设h (x )=x 3-3x 2-ax +a.因为h (0)=a >0,h (1)=1-3-a +a =-2<0,且h (x )的图象是不间断的,所以存在x 0∈(0,1),使得h (x 0)=0.令b =2x 03e x 0(1-x 0),则b >0.函数f (x )=-x 2+a ,g (x )=b e x x ,则f ′(x )=-2x ,g ′(x )=b e x (x -1)x 2

.由f (x )=g (x )且f ′(x )=g ′(x ),得

　-x 2+a =b e x x ,-2x =b e x (x -1)x 2ì?í????,　即-x 2+a =2x 03e x 0(1-x 0)四e x x ,-2x =2x 03e x 0(1-x 0)四e x (x -1)x 2ì?í????,(**)此时,x 0满足方程组(**),即x 0是函数f (x )与g (x )在区间(0,1)内的一个 S 点”.因此,对任意a >0,存在b >0,使函数f (x )与g (x )在区间(0,+∞)内存在 S 点”.

(完整版)2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：第6讲名词性从句

第6讲名词性从句 1．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏，26) A．that B．which C．what D．how 答案 C 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作

20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。2．Every year，________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2017·北京，23) A．whatever B．whoever C．whomever D．whichever 答案 B 解析考查主语从句。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever 无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何……的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。 3．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing ________ she was heading. (2017·北京，26) A．why B．where C．how D．when 答案 B 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。 4．She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津，4) A．when B．where C．whether D．what 答案 C 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when 什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。

英语考试反思总结_1

英语考试反思总结 英语考试反思总结1 本次期中考试学生的整体成绩较之上次五县联考有所下降，究其原因是，首先本次考试的题型，与高考题型有些出入，多了一个单词拼写环节，学生失分最多，问题出现也说明我们在这一环节，没有提高较高的认识，虽然我们也每天在默写，但重视程度还需提高。 另一个失分最多的是单项选择，本次单项选择考试的范围较广，并未就选修七的知识点进行考察，学生在复习准备考试过于偏重于本册书的内容，造成了失分现象。阅读理解学生在得分方面也不太尽如人意，在考试过后与学生交谈，发现大多数学生存在看懂文章，却做不对的问题，这是学生的理解能力还需认真提高。 同时，作文也是我们需要注意的地方，就我们学生而言，学生的基础不好，作文的能力也相对不高。 通过分析学生的考试情况，以及在考试后于与学生交谈发现的问题，本人也有些在下阶段教学当中的措施： 1.要严抓学生的基础，单词和句型记忆和理解。 2.鼓励学生自己在做完作业之后，多做一些相应的高考题，查缺补漏。 3.一定要提高学生对阅读理解，完形填空，作文的重视度，因为这三项再会高考当中起关键作用。在常规课堂要对增加这类题型的训练。

4.重视尖子生的培养，和薄弱生的提高。 总之，本次考试的问题，我一定在今后的教学中，积极与同事交流，沟通，多多研究学生，多多反思，及时地发现学生的问题，较快地解决问题。 英语考试反思总结2 小学生开始学习英语的时间越来越早，三年级就开设了英语课。但是，由于许多孩子未养成良好的学习习惯，觉得学英语太枯燥、太难，导致对英语学习产生厌烦甚至畏惧心理。半个学期一转眼过去了，期中考试也早已结束了，看着学生的成绩，让我看到了自己教学中存在的漏洞以及不足。逐题看过学生的试卷后，综观学生答题情况，我针对学生各方面的掌握情况做以下分析及教学反思： 一、试卷质量分析 六年级下册的这次期中考试的试卷的层次是分开的，也有一定的梯度，实际上是一张综合试卷，大部分内容超出了本册的范围，但也可以看出学生对以前的一些知识的掌握程度。这套试卷共分为五大部分： 第一部分为语音测试，第二部分为词汇测试，第三部分为单项能力测试，第四部分为阅读测试，第五部分为综合能力测试 (不计入总分)。 本套试卷覆盖了整个小学阶段所学的词汇、语音、语法和日常用语等内容，着重考查了词汇、日常交际用语、阅读

【最新】2018年江苏省高考英语试卷

2018年江苏省高考英语试卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分5分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. £ 19. 15.B. £ 9. 18.C. £ 9. 15.答案是C。 1．（1.00分）What will James do tomorrow？ A．Watch a TV program． B．Give a talk． C．Write a report． 2．（1.00分）What can we say about the woman？ A．She's generous． B．She's curious． C．She's helpful． 3．（1.00分）When does the train leave？ A．At 6：30． B．At 8：30． C．At 10：30． 4．（1.00分）How does the woman go to work？ A．By car． B．On foot． C．By bike． 5．（1.00分）What is the probable relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates． B．Teacher and student． C．Doctor and patient．

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3、语法还应记得更加牢固，不可马虎，不仅要牢记笔记，还要灵活运用，学会举一反三。 偶尔一两次的成功并非自己的真实水平，我要通过自己的努力来证明自己。下一次的考试，一定要发挥出自己的最佳水平，争取达到满意的成绩，不能再让英语成为“拖后腿”的科目，争取取得最优异的成果。 本学期，本人担任八年级(1)(2)班的英语教学。从期中试卷分析的情况表明，主要是由于学生灵活运用综合英语知识的能力较差，听力水平和写作能力都有待进一步提高，这说明在教学方面存在着思想意识上的偏差，同时教学方法上也需要进行探讨和改进。本人以学生试卷为对象，认真地进行了质量分析。并从质量分析中发现了这半年来教学的不足和学生存在的知识、能力的问题，主要体现在以下四个方面： 1、听力能力方面：部分学生缺乏听力题中应有的答题技巧;近音词辨析不清，忽视口语中的连读和不完全爆破规则。 2、语法方面：语法知识不全面，造成综合运用能力和分析句子结构能力差。 3、阅读方面：对短文的整篇理解能力差，特别是归纳短文的寓意和标题的确立上。 4、写作方面：表达句子的能力较差。 二、应对措施

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在今后的学习中，在课堂上我要积极回答问题做好笔记，多记一些老师拓展的知识点，每天回家要复习一遍老师讲的内容，认真完成一篇阅读与完形填空，我有上进心想去学的英语知识，自己努力，超越自己，比别的同学更好。 英语考试的总结2 时间如流水般淌过，转眼间期中考试也已经结束了，成绩也已经公布了。望着试卷上的分数，我惊讶了。因为这并不是我真正想要的分数。六年级下册的第一次英语期中考试开始了这次考试已成为我学习生涯中最低分的一次考试。在这次英语考试，我竟然考了73分，从三年级开始，到六年级，我从未考过如此低的分数，于是，我开始自我检查。 我次，一到考试的时候总因紧张而很着急，为此，我总结了我没考好的原因： 1．平时没有养成细致认真的习惯，总是不把题目读完就答题，考试的时候答题粗心大意、马马虎虎，导致很多题目会做却被扣分甚至没有做对。 2．在做阅读理解的时候，我根本看都看不懂，这个脑袋都是晕乎乎的，就随便乱蒙了一下，这都是因为单词没有记熟，看到认识的单词，更本想不出意思来，所以，我的阅读理解扣了8分。 3.在考试的前一个晚上没有复习，以前每次英语考试我都会在前天晚上复习好，而在这次考试，我因放了两天假就

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B 58. A 60. D 59. A 65. B 63. C 64. A 57. 61. B 62. D 70. A A 66.69. C 68. D 67. B 1 第四部分（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 71. benefit 72. Ways 73. joint/collective 74. 75. Effect Promotion/marketing 76. fares 77. Positive 78. outside/beyond 79. statistics/data/analyses 80. Alternative 分）第五部分（满分25Possible version one: As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.

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2.增加干扰因素，如平时训练时将音量调小或增加噪音 三、书面表达 此次考试中，书面表达失分依然严重 原因： 1.学生对句子结构、人称和时态把握不好，错用、不会用 2.汉语式作文，学生变通潜力差，写过的作文写的不错，但题目一改就不会写 3.学生的书写有反弹，书写乱、差 改善措施： 1.在日常的教学中，适当渗透语法学习，不纯粹的学习语法，但也不能不学，不能对语法避而远之。学生只有了解了语法，才能构建起英语学习的框架。 2.增加书面表达范文的展示，透过展示范文，使学生感知较地道的英语 3.进一步对书写进行指导，使书写规范化和常规化，可透过组织书法比赛等活动来激发学生规范书写的兴趣。 英语考试总结(二)： 期中考试已经结束了，我带的两个班考得不是很理想。半学期来我始终坚持认真备课、上课、听课，及时批改作业、讲评作业，做好课后辅导工作。下面是我结合了我的日常教学，对这次考试进行的具体而深入的分析总结。 首先，从试卷来看，有很多学过的知识学生都已经忘记了。在听录音，一.请把听到的资料的代号填入括号内的第4题，好多同学都做错了，造成学生失分严重的现象。平时能考90多分的同学，这次只考了80几分。优秀率也给拉下来了。

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