VHDL数字钟设计报告
VHDL数字钟设计报告
一. 数字钟总体设计方案：
1.1设计目的
①正确显示时、分、秒；
②可手动校时，能分别进行时、分的校正；
③整点报时功能；
1.2设计思路
数字钟的设计模块包括：分频器、去抖动电路、校时电路、“时、分、秒”计数器、校时闪烁电路、
整点报时和译码显示电路。
每一个功能模块作为一个实体单独进行设计，最后再用VHDL的例化语句将各个模块进行整合，生成
顶层实体top。
该数字钟可以实现3个功能：计时功能、设置时间功能和报时功能。
二．数字钟模块细节
2.1 分频器（fenpin）
本系统共需3种频率时钟信号（1024Hz、512Hz、1Hz）。为减少输入引脚，本系统采用分频模块，只需由外部提供1024Hz基准时钟信号，其余三种频率时钟信号由分频模块得到。
分频原理：为以1024Hz基准时钟经1024分频得到512Hz,1Hz频率时钟信号。
分频器管脚
代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
entity fenpin is
port(clk1024:in std_logic;
clk1,clk512:out std_logic
);
end fenpin ;
architecture cml of fenpin is
begin
process (clk1024)
variable count1: integer range 0 to 512; variable q1: std_logic;
begin
if clk1024' event and clk1024='1' then if count1=512 then
q1:=not q1;
count1:=0;
else
count1:=count1+1;
end if;
end if;
clk1<=q1;
end process;
process(clk1024)
variable count512: integer range 0 to 1; variable q512: std_logic;
begin
if clk1024' event and clk1024='1' then
if count512=1 then
q512:=not q512;
count512:=0;
else
count512:=count512+1;
end if;
end if;
clk512<=q512;
end process;
end cml;
2．2 校时电路（jiaoshi）
本模块要实现的功能是：正常计时、校时、校分在每个状态下都会产生不同控制信号实现相应的功能。
校时管脚图
代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity jiaoshi is
port(rst,rvs,select_rvs,mtime,mclkin,hclkin:in std_logic;
hclkout,mclkout:out std_logic
);
end jiaoshi;
architecture cml of jiaoshi is
signal h_m:std_logic;
begin
p1:process(rst,rvs,hclkin,mclkin,h_m,mtime)
begin
if rst='0' then
null;
elsif rvs='1' then
hclkout<=hclkin;
mclkout<=mCLKin;
elsif h_m='0' then
hclkout<=hclkin;
mclkout<=mtime;
else
hclkout<=mtime;mclkout<=mclkin;
end if;
end process;
p2:process(select_rvs)
begin
if select_rvs'event and select_rvs='1' then
h_m<=not h_m;
end if;
end process ;
end cml;
管脚图
仿真图
2.3 时计数器（hour）分计数器(mine)秒计数器(second)
时计数器管脚图
时代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity hour is
port(rst,hclk:in std_logic;
hour0,hour1:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 )
);
end hour;
architecture cml of hour is
begin
process(rst,hclk,hour0,hour1)
begin
if rst='0' then
hour0<="0000";
hour1<="0000";
elsif hclk'event and hclk='1' then
if hour0="0011" and hour1="0010" then
hour0<="0000";
hour1<="0000";
elsif hour0="1001" then
hour0<="0000";
hour1<=hour1+1;
else
hour0<=hour0+1;
end if;
end if;
end process ;
分计数器管脚图
分代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity mine is
port(rst,mclk:in std_logic;
mco:out std_logic;
min0,min1:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 ) );
end mine;
architecture cml of mine is
signal min0_t,min1_t:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 ); begin
process(rst,mclk,min0,min1)
begin
if rst='0' then
min0<="0000";
min1<="0000";
elsif mclk'event and mclk='1' then
if min0="0101" and min1="1001" then
min0<="0000";
min1<="0000";
mco<='1';
elsif min0="0010" and min0="1001" then
min1<="0011";
min0<="0000";
mco<='0';
elsif min0="1001" then
min1<=min1+1;
min0<="0000";
else
min0<=min0+1;
end if;
end process ;
end cml;
秒计数器管脚图
秒代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity second is
port(rst,sclk:in std_logic;
sco:out std_logic;
sec0,sec1:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 ) );
end second;
architecture cml of second is
signal sec0_t,sec1_t:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 ); begin
process(rst,sclk,sec0,sec1)
begin
if rst='0' then
sec0<="0000";
sec1<="0000";
elsif sclk'event and sclk='1' then
if sec0="0101" and sec1="1001" then
sec0<="0000";
sec1<="0000";
sco<='1';
elsif sec0="0010" and sec0="1001" then
sec1<="0011";
sec0<="0000";
sco<='0';
elsif sec0="1001" then
sec1<=sec1+1;
sec0<="0000";
else
sec0<=sec0+1;
end if;
end if;
end process ;
end cml;
2.4 校时闪烁电路（flashnjiaoshi）
如果正在进行校时，flashjiaoshi将实现使当前正在校时项（小时或分钟）以1Hz的频率闪烁，以便于操知道正在被校正。
校时闪烁电路管脚图
代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity flashjiaoshi is
port(rst,sclk,rvs,select_rvs:in std_logic;
hour0in,hour1in,min0in,min1in:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 );
hour0out,hour1out,min0out,min1out :out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 )
);
end flashjiaoshi;
architecture cml of flashjiaoshi is
signal h_m:std_logic;
begin
p1:process(rst,sclk,rvs,hour0in,hour1in,min0in,min1in,h_m)
begin
if rst='0' then
null;
elsif rvs='1' then
hour0out<=hour0in;
hour1out<=hour1in;
min0out<=min0in;
min1out<=min1in;
elsif h_m='0' then
hour0out<=hour0in;
hour1out<=hour1in;
if sclk='1' then
min0out<=min0in;
min1out<=min1in;
else
min0out<="1111";
min1out<="1111";
end if;
else
min0out<=min0in;
min1out<=min1in;
IF sCLK='1' then
hour0out<=hour0in;
hour1out<=hour1in;
else
hour0out<="1111";
hour1out<="1111";
end if;
end if;
end process p1;
p2:process(select_rvs)
begin
if select_rvs'event and select_rvs='1' then h_m<=not h_m;
end if;
end process p2;
end cml;
2.5 整点报时电路
整点报时管脚图
代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity baoshi is
port( clk1024,clk512 : in std_logic;
min0,min1 , sec0,sec1 : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
speak : out std_logic);
end baoshi;
architecture cml of baoshi is
begin
speak<=clk512
when (min1="0101" and min0="1001" and sec1="0101") and (sec0="0011" or sec0="0101" or sec0="0111") else
clk1024
when( min1="0101" and min0="1001" and sec1="0101" and sec0="1001") else '0';
end cml;
2.6 译码显示电路
该显示用的是动态扫描电路
译码显示管脚图
波形图
代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity xianshi is
port(clk512:in std_logic;
h1,h0,m1,m0,s1,s0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 ); seg7:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0 );
select_sig:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0 )
);
end xianshi;
architecture cml of xianshi is
signal data:std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 );
signal order:std_logic_vector(2 downto 0 );
begin
process(clk512)
begin
if clk512' event and clk512='1' then
case order is
when "000"=>data<=h1;select_sig<="011111";
when "001"=>data<=h0;select_sig<="101111";
when "010"=>data<=m1;select_sig<="110111";
when "011"=>data<=m0;select_sig<="111011";
when "100"=>data<=s1;select_sig<="111101";
when "101"=>data<=s0;select_sig<="111110";
when others=>data<="1000";select_sig<="111111"; end case;
if order="101" then order<="000";
else order<=order+1;
end if;
end if;
end process ;
process(data)
begin
case data is
when "0000" =>seg7 <= "0000001";
when "0001" =>seg7 <= "1001111";
when "0010" =>seg7 <= "0010010";
when "0011" =>seg7 <= "0000110";
when "0100" =>seg7 <= "1001100";
when "0101" =>seg7 <= "0100100";
when "0110" =>seg7 <= "0100000";
when "0111" =>seg7 <= "0001111";
when "1000" =>seg7 <= "0000000";
when "1001" =>seg7 <= "0000100";
when others =>seg7 <= "1111111";
end case;
end process ;
end cml ;
2.7数字钟整体设计（top）
本数字钟的设计包括分频器、去抖动电路、校时电路、“时、分、秒”计数器、校时闪烁电路和译码显示电路。以上已经有了各个功能模块的实现方法，现在将各个模块综合在一起，构成一个完整的数字钟。
代码：
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity top is
port(clk1024,key,reset:in std_logic;
keyin:in std_logic_vector(1 downto 0 );
select_sigout:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0 );
seg7out:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0 );
speak:out std_logic
);
end top;
architecture cml of top is
component fenpin is
port(clk1024:in std_logic;
clk1,clk512:out std_logic
);
end component fenpin ;
component jiaoshi is
port(rst,rvs,select_rvs,mtime,mclkin,hclkin:in std_logic;
hclkout,mclkout:out std_logic
);
end component jiaoshi;
component hour is
port(rst,hclk:in std_logic;
hour0,hour1:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 )
);
end component hour;
component minute is
port(rst,mclk:in std_logic;
mco:out std_logic;
min0,min1:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 )
);
end component minute;
component second is
port(rst,sclk:in std_logic;
sco:out std_logic;
sec0,sec1:buffer std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 )
);
end component second;
component flashjiaoshi is
port(rst,sclk,rvs,select_rvs:in std_logic;
hour0in,hour1in,min0in,min1in:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 );
hour0out,hour1out,min0out,min1out :out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 ) );
end component flashjiaoshi;
component xianshi is
port(clk512:in std_logic;
h1,h0,m1,m0,s1,s0:in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0 );
seg7:out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0 );
select_sig:out std_logic_vector(5 downto 0 )
);
end component xianshi;
component baoshi is
port( clk1024,clk512 : in std_logic;
min0,min1 , sec0,sec1 : in std_logic_vector (3 downto 0);
speak : out std_logic);
end component baoshi;
signal scanCLKSig : std_logic;
signal secCLKSig : std_logic;
signal hCLKSig0,hCLKSig1 : std_logic;
signal mCLKSig0,mCLKSig1 : std_logic;
signal sec1Sig,sec0Sig : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal min1Sig0,min0Sig0 : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal min1Sig1,min0Sig1 : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal hour1Sig0,hour0Sig0 : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
signal hour1Sig1,hour0Sig1 : std_logic_vector(3 downto 0);
begin
U1: fenpin PORT MAP(clk1024=>clk1024,clk512=>scanCLKSig,clk1=>secCLKSig);
U2: jiaoshi PORT MAP(rst=>reset, rvs=>key, select_rvs=>keyin(0),
mtime=>keyin(1),
hclkin=>hCLKSig0,mclkin=>mCLKSig0,hclkout=>hCLKSig1,mclkout=>mCLKSig1);
U3:hour PORT MAP(rst=>reset, hCLK=>hCLKSig1, hour1=>hour1Sig0,
hour0=>hour0Sig0);
U4: minute PORT MAP(rst=>reset, mclk=>mCLKSig1, mco=>hCLKSig0,
min1=>min1Sig0, min0=>min0Sig0);
U5: second PORT MAP(rst=>reset, sCLK=>secCLKSig, sco=>mCLKSig0, sec1=>sec1Sig,
sec0=>sec0Sig);
U6: flashjiaoshi PORT MAP(rst=>reset, sclk=>secCLKSig, rvs=>key,
select_rvs=>keyin(0), hour1in=>hour1Sig0, hour0in=>hour0Sig0, min1in=>min1Sig0,
min0in=>min0Sig0, hour1out=>hour1Sig1, hour0out=>hour0Sig1, min1out=>min1Sig1,
min0out=>min0Sig1);
U7: xianshi PORT MAP(clk512=>scanCLKSig, h1=>hour1Sig1, h0=>hour0Sig1, m1=>min1Sig1,
m0=>min0Sig1, s1=>sec1Sig, s0=>sec0Sig, seg7=>seg7out, select_sig=>select_sigout);
u8:baoshi PORT MAP(clk1024=>clk1024,clk512=>scanCLKSig,sec1=>sec1Sig,sec0=>sec0Sig, min1=>min1Sig0,min0=>min0Sig0,speak=>speak);
END cml;