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英语翻译

英语翻译
英语翻译

永不言弃!

As a young boy, Britain's great Prime Minister, SirWinston Churchill, atten

ded a public school calledHarrow. He was not a good student, and had he notbeen from a famous family, he probably would havebeen removed fro

m the school for deviating from therules. Thankfully, he did finish at Harr ow and hiserrors there did not preclude him from going on tothe universit

y. He eventually had a premier armycareer whereby he was later elected

prime minister.He achieved fame for his wit, wisdom, civic duty, and abu

ndant courage in his refusal tosurrender during the miserable dark days o

f World War II. His amazin

g determination helpedmotivate his entire nati on and was an inspiration worldwide.

英国的伟大首相温斯顿·丘吉尔爵士,小时候在哈罗公学上学。当时他可不是个好学生,要不是出身名门,他可能早就因为违反纪律被开除了。谢天谢地,他总算从哈罗毕业了,在那里犯下的错误并没影响到他上大学。后来,他凭着军旅生涯中的杰出表现当选为英国首相。他的才思、智慧、公民责任感以及在二战痛苦而黑暗的时期拒绝投降的无畏勇气,为他赢得了美名。他非凡的决心,不仅激励了整个民族,还鼓舞了全世界。

Toward the end of his period as prime minister, he was invited to address

the patriotic youngboys at his old school, Harrow. The headmaster said,

"Young gentlemen, the greatest speakerof our time, will be here in a few days to address you, and you should obey whatever soundadvice he may give you." The great day arrived. Sir Winston stood up, all five feet, five i nchesand 107 kilos of him, and gave this short, clear-cut speech: "Young men, never give up. Nevergive up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never!"

在他首相任期即将结束时,他应邀前往母校哈罗公学,为满怀报国之志的同学们作演讲。校长说:“年轻的先生们,当代最伟大的演说家过几天就会来为你们演讲,他提出的任何中肯的建议,你们都要听从。”那个激动人心的日子终于到了。温斯顿爵士站了起来——他只有5 英尺5 英寸高,体重却有107 公斤。他作了言简意赅的讲话:“年轻人,要永不放弃。永不放弃!永不放弃!永不,永不,永不,永不!”

Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas - none of t

hese can inhibit astrong spirit committed to success. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too longor too difficult. Take the example of two of the most scholarly scientists of our age, AlbertEinstein and Thoma s Edison. Both faced immense obstacles and extreme criticism. Both were called "slow to learn" and written off as idiots by their teachers. Thomas Edison ran away fromschool because his teacher whipped him repeatedly for asking too many questions. Einsteindidn't speak fluently until he was almost nine years old and was such a poor student that somethought he was unable to learn. Yet both boys' parents believed in them. They worke d intenselyeach day with their sons, and the boys learned to never bypas s the long hours of hard workthat they needed to succeed. In the end, bo th Einstein and Edison overcame their childhoodpersecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire worldtoday.

个人经历、教育机会、个人困境,这些都不能阻挡一个全力以赴追求成功的、有着坚强意志的人。任务再苦,准备再长,难度再大,都不能让他放弃自己的追求。就以本时代最有学问的两位科学家——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和托马斯·爱迪生为例,他们都曾面临巨大的障碍和极端的批评,都曾被说成“不开窍”,被老师当成笨蛋而放弃。托马斯·爱迪生还曾逃学,因为老师嫌他问的问题太多而经常鞭打他。爱因斯坦一直到将近9 岁才能流利地说话,学习成绩太差,有些人认为他都已经学不好了。然而,这两个男孩的父母都相信他们。他们坚持不懈地每天和儿子一起努力,孩子们也了解到,要想成功,就绝不要怕付出长期而艰辛的努力。最终,爱因斯坦和爱迪生都摆脱了童年的困扰,进而作出了造福当今全世界的伟大发现。

Consider also the heroic example of AbrahamLincoln, who faced substanti

al hardships, failuresand repeated misfortunes in his lifetime. Hisbackgro und was certainly not glamorous. He wasraised in a very poor family with

only one year offormal education. He failed in business twice, suffereda nervous breakdown when his first love diedsuddenly and lost eight politic al elections. Later inlife, he suffered profound grief over the tragicdeath o f three of his four children. Yet his strong willwas the spur that pushed hi m forward,strengthening his optimism, dedication and determination. It i ntensified and focused hisefforts and enabled him to triumph over the ov erwhelming failures and profound difficultiesin his life. A hundred years la ter, people from around the world commend Abraham Lincoln asthe great est American president of all time.

再如亚伯拉罕·林肯这个英雄的典范,他一生面临了无数艰辛、失败和接二连三的不幸。他的出身和经历真是一点也算不上光鲜。他在一个非常贫困的家庭长大,只受过一年正规教育。经商两度失败,初恋爱人的突然离世也使他精神崩溃,还在八次政治选举中落马。此后,他的四个孩子有三个不幸去世,令他悲痛欲绝。然而,坚强的意志鞭策着他,推动他前进,使他更加乐观、投入、坚毅。这让他得以全力以赴,一次次战胜生命中的巨大困难和挫折。一百年之后,世界各地的人们都赞颂亚伯拉罕·林肯,认为他是有史以来最伟大的美国总统。

Just like Churchill and Lincoln, only those who "keep their eyes on the pri

ze", those who upholda committed and focused will and spirit, will find th

eir endeavors successful. Many artists,statesmen, writers and inventors h

ave had the same experience. They achieved prosperitybecause they pos sessed a fierce will to keep preparing and working and a passion to succe ed.They attained success, not because it was easy, but because they had the will to overcomeprofound obstacles and to work diligently in the purs uit of their goals.

与丘吉尔和林肯一样,只有那些“执著地追求成功”的人,那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人,才会通过自身的努力,获得成功。许多艺术家、政治家、作家和发明家都有同样的经历。他们之所以能取得这样的成就,是因为他们拥有强烈的意愿,不懈地准备、奋斗,并保持对成功的激情。他们取得了成功,并不是因为成功很容易,而是因为他们拥有克服重重障碍的意志,为了追求目标而勤奋努力。

After growing up on a cattle ranch without running water or electricity, Sa

ndra Day O'Connorfought to achieve the best education possible. Consist

ently graduating at the top of her class,she worked her way into Stanford

Law School, where she graduated with honors. But despiteall of her hard

work, Sandra Day O'Connor was still a woman in the 1950s. Even with t heprestige of her degree from Stanford, she was rejected from the entire

law circuit as firmspreferred to hire less qualified men rather than risk hiri

ng a female lawyer, which wasunprecedented. Yet Sandra Day O'Connor r

efused to give up on her dreams. Through sheerpersistence she was even

tually nominated and then appointed the first woman SupremeCourt Justi ce of the United States of America. There, she acted as a crucial vote on i ssues likeabortion and women's rights.

桑德拉·戴·奥康纳成长于既没自来水也没电的养牛场,她努力学习以使自己接受到最好的教育。她的学习成绩在班上始终名列前茅,一路奋斗终于进入了斯坦福大学法学院,并以优异的成绩从法学院毕业。尽管奥康纳勤奋刻苦,但在20 世纪50 年代,她仍然受到女人身份的制约。即使斯坦福大学的学位有良好的声誉,她仍被整个法律界拒之门外,因为事务所宁愿聘请才干稍逊的男性,也不愿冒险破例雇佣一位女律师。然而,桑德拉·戴·奥康纳并未放弃梦想。她执著地坚持下去,终于得到提名并被任命为美国第一位女性最高法院大法官。她任职期间,对很多问题,例如堕胎和妇女权利,都起到了极为关键的作用。

Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not expen

d th

e substantialeffort required to achieve it. Many people let the threat o

f failure stop them from tryin

g wit

h allof their heart. The secret of success

is based upon a burning inward desire - a robust, fierce willand focus - t hat fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even whenwe are tired and fail. As a wise saying goes:

"It's not how many times you fall down thatmatters. It's how many times

you get back up that makes success!"

很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西,但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全心尝试。而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望——一种坚定不移的意志和专注力——从而激发行动的决心,即使疲惫,即使失败,也会继续准备,继续前进。正如一句箴言所说:“你摔倒了多少次并不要紧;你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要!”

Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent pr

ogress. Maintainthe strong will to keep going - even when you are tired a nd want to slack or the odds seem toolarge.

"Keep your eyes on the prize!"

"Where there's a will, there's a way!" With hard work,determination, dedi

cation and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplishany f

eat, and achieve success!

专注于汲取更多的知识,争取持之以恒地渐进,保持永不言退的坚强意志——即使在你疲惫想要松懈的时候,或者困难重重之时。“执著地追求成功!”“有志者,事竟成!”只要刻苦努力,意志坚决,专心投入,准备充分,你就能跨越一切障碍,完成所有壮举,取得成功!

2游越恐惧

I was on a tour of France with my friends when ourcar pulled to a stop at

the beach and we saw theMediterranean Sea. Massive waves surged agai

nstlarge rocks that formed a waterproof jetty. Peoplesaid this beach was known for its notorious ripcurrents. I shivered with fear. Nothing scared

me asmuch as water.

当时我和朋友正在法国旅行,我们把汽车停在海滩,眼前就是地中海。巨浪翻滚击打着构筑起防波堤的偌大岩石。人们说这里的海滩以其可怕的裂流而著称。恐惧让我不寒而栗。没有什么比水让我更害怕了。

Just the sight of the sea made me sick to my stomach.

只是看到了海就已经让我觉得反胃。

I'd always loved water and been a good swimmer until last summer, whe

n I'd decided to climbup to the highest diving board at the pool. I'd hoppe

d from that height and hit th

e water withan incredible impact. The air was ousted from my lungs and I blacked out. The next thing Iknew, my broth er was pulling my feeble body out o

f the pool. From then on, my fear wou ldn'trecede; I was absolutely terrified of water.

我曾经一直都是喜欢水的,并且直到去年夏天我都还是一名游泳好手。那时,我决定爬上游泳池边上最高的跳板来跳水。我从那么高的地方跳下,重重地撞击到水面上。我肺里的空气一下子全被挤出去了,马上不省人事。醒来时发现哥哥正把我虚弱的身体从游泳池里拖出来。从那时起,我对水的恐惧就没有消退过,我怕极了水。"Jason, are you coming?" my friend, Matt, called.

“贾森,你要过来吗?”我的朋友马特朝我喊道。

"Yeah," I said.

"Just enjoying the view," from dry land, I added silently, worried they mi

ght deemmy fear pathetic if they knew.

我说:“好,就是欣赏一下景色”,又在心里默默加了一句——在岸上欣赏。担心如果他们知道我害怕水而可怜我。

Suddenly I heard shouting in French. A mob of people were running into t

he sea, fully clothed.That's odd, I thought.

突然,我听到有人用法语喊叫。接着看见一群人没脱衣服,就冲到海里。我心想,这真是太奇怪了。

I glimpsed something moving up and down amid the waves, past the end

of the jetty. I gasped,realizing the catastrophe with horror. That's a little boy out there! The would-be rescuersfought against the tide, but the situ ation was bleak. With the water's tow, they'd never get tohim in time.

我瞥见防波堤尽头的海浪中有个东西在上下浮动。我惊恐地意识到大事不妙,倒吸了一口凉气,那居然是个小男孩!前去救落水男童的人们搏击着海浪,但情况却不乐观。由于水的拉拽,他们根本不可能及时游到小男孩身边。

I looked back at the boy. His head popped up, then a wave crashed over

him and hedisappeared for a moment; I had to intervene.

我扭头看看那小男孩。他的头刚露出水面,然后一个浪头打过来,好一阵不见踪影——我不得不做点什么了。

I appraised the situation and realized - the jetty! The boy was close to it; maybe I could helpfrom there. I raced down the beach, out onto the jetty

, and it hit me: Water! My palms gotsweaty and my stomach felt sick, sy

mptoms of my fear. I stopped short.

我估计了当下的情形后注意到了——对,那防波堤!小男孩靠近那个地方,也许我可以从那儿帮忙。我冲下海滩,跑上防波堤,但突然我想起了什么——水!顿时有了恐惧的症状:我手心冒汗,胃里感觉不适。我一下子停下来。

The people in the water had underestimated the waves and weren't maki

ng any progress. Iwas the only one who saw that going out on the jetty

was the fastest way to reach thedrowning boy. Yet in the midst of this tra

gedy, I was extremely terrified. I tried to rememberthe lifeguard training

I'd had as a teenager.

水里的那些人低估了海浪的威力,救援工作没有任何进展。只有我注意到了跑到防波堤上是到达溺水男童的最快的路径。然而在此性命攸关之际,我极度恐慌。我努力去回想十几岁时所接受的救生员训练。

I was paralyzed with fear, but I forced myself to move forward with this i

mpromptu rescue. Idon't want this. Surely someone else can save him be

fore I have to.

我因恐惧而全身瘫软,但我强迫自己向前移动,展开这场突发的救援行动。我不想做这些,在我施救之前肯定会有别人救他吧。

At the ridge of the jetty, I whirled around,convinced I'd see an athletic sw

immer plowingthrough the rough water toward the boy. To mydismay, no

one was there. I turned back out to thesea to see the boy battered by vi

cious waves about25 yards away from me. Sucking in a deep breath, Ithr ew myself into the water. As soon as I jumped in,I felt like I was back in t hat pool, breathless,struggling, terrified. Salt stung my eyes. Focus, Isho

uted in my head. Where is he?

我在防波堤的边上迅速转过身来,深信会看见某个游泳健将正向着小男孩劈波斩浪。但是让我沮丧的是,一个人也没有。我回身面向大海,看见25 码开外恶浪击打着小男孩。我深吸一口气,纵身跃入水中。一跳进水里,我感觉仿佛又回到了当年的那个游泳池,我喘不过气,拼命挣扎,惊恐万分。咸水刺痛了我的双眼。“集中注意力,”我在心里喊道。“他在哪里?”

Then, with clarity, I saw a thin arm waving weakly a few yards away. I s

wam with all mystrength, reaching the boy just as he sank below the surf

ace. I grabbed his arm and pulled. Hepopped back up, eyes wide with ter ror, pawing and twisting against me.

"Repose (Calmdown)!" I commanded the boy in French. His struggling wo

uld derail any rescue attempt, andwe'd both perish.

"Repose!" I commanded again. Thankfully, this time he listened, and was

still.

然后我清楚地看到一只细小的手臂在离我几码处微弱地挥动着。我拼尽全力游过去,在他刚要没水之时赶到了。我抓住他的手臂拉他。他冒出水面,眼睛因恐惧瞪得很大,胡乱抓扯着我。我用法语命令他:“别慌!”他这样挣扎会阻碍救援,那我们俩就都死定了。我再次命令他:“别慌!”谢天谢地,这次他听话了,不动了。

When I turned back toward shore a wave pounded over us. The jetty was

further away! The ripcurrent It was forcibly dragging us out to the sea. I

fought to get us back to land, but madelittle progress. I knew I'd never b e able to escort him back like this.

当我转身朝岸边游去的时候,一个浪劈头盖脸打来。我们离防波堤更远了!是裂流!它强行把我们拽往大海深处。我挣扎着想带他游回岸上,但进展甚微。我知道这种游法根本没法护着他返回岸边。

Desperate to survive, I remembered what I'd learned in my life saving cla ss: Never, ever swimagainst the rip current! Swim sideways to the pull of the current and slowly make your wayback toward shore. It was an odd-l ooking but practicable solution. Swim sideways and float torest Swim side ways and float to rest. We did that over and over. We slowly made our w ay tosafety.

"Jason, you can do it!" I heard Matt say as he stood on the jetty. I hadn't even noticedhow close we were, only about seven feet left to go.

强烈求生欲望之下,我想起了在救生课上所学到的知识:永远不要与裂流相对而游!要顺其方向朝侧边游,慢慢地靠向岸边。这个办法尽管看上去很荒谬,但却管用。朝侧边游,浮起休息。朝侧边游,浮起休息。我们重复着这个方法,慢慢地游到了安全区。“贾森,你能行的!”我听到站在防波堤上的马特对我说。我甚至没有注意到我们离防波堤这么的近,只剩下大约7 英尺的距离了。

And, as we made our way to safety I realized something incredible: I was no longer afraid.That absence of fear was a moment of triumph!

后来我们到达安全水域时,我觉得有些不可思议:我不再怕水了。恐惧没了,这一刻我胜利了!

Matt jumped into the water. I tossed the boy to him. Just as I let go, a bi g wave picked him upand carried him all the way to Matt.

马特跳进水里。我把男孩拋给他。我刚一松手,一个大浪托起他直接把他送到了马特身边。

On the brink of collapse, I stopped fighting, just letting myself go. My han d hit the jetty. It waslike an electric shock that brought me back to my se nses. Someone grabbed for me.

我全身都快虚脱了,我不再划水,就这样放松自己顺水而漂。我的手碰上了防波堤,仿佛触电一般,我重新恢复了神志。有人抓住了我。

I felt strong arms lift me. I ascended not only from the sea onto the secu re rocks of the jetty -but also to my salvation, leaving behind the terrible fear that had gripped me for so long. Iturned my head and saw the boy w as hugged tightly by his mother. I looked out to the sea.Weary as I was, the water had never looked so beautiful.

我感觉到强壮有力的手臂将我托起。我不仅从海里爬上防波堤的磐石,而且完成了自我拯救,摆脱了困扰已久的恐惧。我扭过头看见小男孩被母亲紧紧拥入怀中。虽已疲惫不堪,但放眼大海,我感觉海水比任何时候看起来都更美。

4令人惊奇的旅行目的

It's 4:15 in the morning, and my alarm clock has juststolen away a lovely dream. I almost return back tosleep before my eye catches my packed s uitcase andI groan, remembering that I'm going to the airport.The taxi is late and then lost, and I'm gettingincreasingly nervous that I'll miss my fl

ight. I run inwhen we arrive, stagger through security and finallyget to m

y gate. After all the trouble of this morning,my flight is canceled and I'm

stuck in this terminalfor the next 218 minutes, and my only consolation is a cup of complimentary airport coffee.This is traveling, a burdensome se

ries of running and waiting, and after countless hours, finallygetting there

.

早晨四点一刻,闹钟把我从美梦中惊醒,要不是突然看见早已收拾好的行李箱,我几乎又要睡着。想起来还要去机场,我叹了口气。出租车来晚了,并且在途中迷了路,我越来越担心会赶不上飞机。出租车一到机场我就冲进去,跌跌撞撞通过安检处,终于,我来到了登机口。经历这一早所有的麻烦事,我乘坐的航班却被取消了。在接下来的218 分钟里,我被困在了机场,唯一觉得安慰的是机场提供的一杯免费咖啡。这就是旅行,让人心烦的跑跑停停。最终,在不知经过多少小时之后,终于到达要去的地方。

Why do we travel? I don't mind the actual flying, the wonder of being airb

orne in a dense metalbird. The rest of the journey, however, can feel like a tedious lesson in the ills of modernity,from the predawn x-ray screening to the sad airport malls selling clusters of keepsakes. It's theresult of a g lobalized world, and it sucks.

我们为什么要旅行?其实,我并不介意飞行本身,在这样一个密实的金属大鸟中飞行,让我感到很奇妙。然而,旅程其余的部分,从一大早 X 光检查到出售大堆纪念品的糟糕的机场商场,感觉就像是关于现代社会弊病的乏味课程。这是全球化的结果,它糟糕透了。

Sometimes, of course, we travel because we need to. Because in this digi tal age, there is stillsomething important about the handshake at a busin ess luncheon. Or eating mom's specialfood on Thanksgiving. Or seeing yo ur girlfriend on your 2-year anniversary.

当然,有时候我们旅行是因为我们需要去旅行。因为即使在这个数字化时代,我们仍然有一些很重要的事情要去做,比如在商务午餐中与生意伙伴握手,或是在感恩节这天吃上妈妈特别准备的食物,或是在你和你女朋友的两周年纪念日这天去看她。

But most travel is decidedly optional. Only corporate travel, about 30% of

trips over 50 miles,is truly compulsory. Instead, we travel because we w

ant to, because the annoyances of theairport are offset by the thrill of bei ng someplace new. Because work is stressful and our bloodpressure is to o high and we need a vacation somewhere tropical. Because home is bori ng.Because the flights are on sale. Because Paris is Paris.

但是大多数旅行是可去可不去的,在超过50 英里的旅行中,只有30%属于真正必需的商务旅行。我们旅行是因为我们想要去旅行,因为到一个新地方的兴奋和激动可以抵消在机场的各种烦心事;因为工作压力太大,我们的血压太高,我们要去热带地区度假;因为在家实在太无聊;因为航班都在打折;因为巴黎毕竟是巴黎。

.

Thanks to modern aviation, we can now movethrough space at an inhum

an speed. For the firsttime in human history, we can outrun the sun and move from one hemisphere to another in a singleday. Of course, it's not enough to simply get on aplane. If we want to realize the creative benefit

s oftravel, then we have to re-think its overall purpose.Most people, after

all, escape to Paris so they don'thave to think about those troubles they l

eft behind.But here's the irony: Our mind is most likely tosolve our most stubborn problems while we aresitting in luxury in a Left Bank cafe. So, i

nstead of contemplating that buttery dessert, weshould be conscious of t

hose domestic issues we just can't solve.

多亏了现代航空技术,我们现在可以以非凡的速度在空中穿梭。在人类历史中,这是我们第一次超过太阳——在短短一天中从一个半球到达另一个半球。当然,仅仅往飞机上一坐是不够的。我们要想认识到旅行在提高创新力方面的价值,还得再全面考虑其目的。毕竟,大多数人逃到巴黎,是因为这样他们就可以不必考虑家里的那些烦心事。但是,具有讽刺意味的是,当我们坐在豪华的左岸咖啡馆时,我们的脑子极有可能能解决那些最棘手的问题。因此,我们应该考虑那些在家里解决不了的问题,而不是琢磨那些奶油甜点。

The larger lesson, though, is that our thoughts are saturated with the fa

miliar. The brain is aspace of near infinite possibility, which means that it spends a lot of time and energy choosingwhat not to notice. As a result, c reativity is traded away for efficiency; we think in finite,literal prose, not symbolic verse. A bit of distance, however, helps loosen the cognitivechai ns that imprison us, making it easier to mingle the new with the old; the mundane isgrasped from a slightly more abstract perspective. According t o research, the experience ofan exotic culture endows us with a valuable open-mindedness, making it easier to realize thateven a trivial thing can have multiple meanings. Consider the act of leaving food on the plate:In China, this is often seen as a compliment, a signal that the host has provi ded enough toeat. But in America the same act is a subtle insult, an indic ation that the food wasn't goodenough to finish.

但更应该知道的是我们的思想被熟悉的东西所充满。大脑是一个几乎具有无限可能性的空间,这就意味着它花了大量的时间和精力选择不去注意什么。因此,我们牺牲创造力来换取效率。我们以字义明确的散文方式思考,而非以具有象征意义的诗歌方式思考。然而,一点的距离就可以帮助我们放松禁锢我们认知的链条,使新旧思想的结合更容易,对平淡无奇的事情可从更抽象的角度加以认知。有研究指出,体验异国文化可以赋予我们宝贵的开放性思维,使我们更容易明白即使是微不足道的事物也可以有多种意义。想一想把食物剩在盘子里这个行为:在中国,这通常被看成是一种赞美,说明主人提供了足够的食物。但是在美国,同样的行为却暗含侮辱,表明食物不够好,人们不愿意吃完

Such multicultural contrasts mean that seasonedtravelers are open to am

biguity, willing to realizethat there are decidedly different (and equally va lid)ways of interpreting the world. This, in turn, allowsthem to expand the circumference of their“cognitive inputs" as they refuse to settle for theirfi rst answers and initial guesses.

这种多元文化对比说明,经验丰富的旅行者会接受对事物的多样性解读,他们欣然认识到对这个世界可以有截然不同(但却同样有效)的方式进行解释。这也从而让他们扩大了“认知输入”的范围,因为他们拒绝仅仅满足于他们的最初答案和先前的猜测。

Of course, this mental flexibility doesn't come from mere distance, a simp

le change in latitudeand longitude. Instead, this renaissance of creativity

appears to be a side effect of difference:We need to change cultures, to e xperience the disorienting diversity of human traditions. Thesame facets

of foreign travel that are so confusing (Do I tip the waiter? Where is this t

raintaking me?) turn out to have a lasting impact, making us more creati

ve because we're lessinsular. We're reminded of all that we don't know, w

hich is nearly everything; we're surprisedby the constant stream of surpri ses. Even in this globalized age, we can still be amazed at allthe earthly t hings that weren't included in the Lets Go guidebook and that certainly d on't existback home.

当然,这种思维的灵活性不仅仅来自纯粹的距离变化,即简单的经纬度的变化。相反,这种创造力的复兴似乎是差异所带来的副产品:我们需要处于不同的文化中,体验人类传统中纷繁复杂的多样性。在国外旅行中让人迷惑的同一个方面的问题(如我该给服务生小费吗?火车要把我带到哪里?),产生了一种持久的影响,使我们更加具有创造性,因为我们不再那么视野狭隘了。我们了解了我们不知道的东西,而这些东西几乎涵盖了一切;我们对接连不断的惊喜感到惊奇。即使在这个全球化的时代,我们仍然会对所有未包括在《旅行指南》中的、平常的东西感到惊奇,而这些东西在自己家中也不存在。

So, let's not pretend that travel doesn't have its drawbacks, or that we en

dure jet lag forpleasure. We don't spend 10 hours lost in the Louvre beca

use we like it, and the view from thetop of Machu Picchu probably doesn't make up for the trouble of lost luggage.

(More oftenthan not, I need a vacation after my vacation.) We travel bec

ause we need to, because distanceand difference are the secret cornersto

nes of creativity. When we get home, home is still thesame. But somethin

g in our mind has been changed, and that changes everything.

当然,我们也并不是假装旅行没有缺点,或是说我们忍受飞行时差综合反应只是为了消遣。在卢浮宫我们迷路十个小时,那不是因为我们喜欢迷路。我们站在马丘比丘古城遗址顶端俯瞰的风景可能也并不能弥补我们丢失行李的麻烦。(通常,我在假期结束后还需要一个休假。)我们旅行是因为我们需要旅行,因为距离与差异是创造力的秘密基石。我们回家后,家还是那个家,但是我们的思维已经有所改变,而这就可以改变一切。

你想做工作者还是劳役者?

To be truly happy, a person must feel both free andimportant. People are never happy if they feelcompelled by society to do work they do not enjo y,or if what they do enjoy is ignored by society ashaving no value or imp ortance. In a society whereslavery in the strict sense has been abolished, thesocial indications around work, the value of workand the salary, have degraded many laborers intomodern slaves - "wage slaves".

一个人要想真正快乐,必须觉得自己既自由又重要。如果觉得自己是受社会逼迫而做自己不喜欢的工作,或者自己喜欢的工作被认为没价值或不重要而遭社会忽视,那他

绝不会快乐。在一个奴隶制度严格说来已经被废除的社会里,工作的社会含义、工作的价值和薪水,已经把许多劳役者降格为现代奴隶——“薪奴”。

People are considered laborers if their job has an adverse effect on them, yet they feelcompelled to continue working by the necessity of conformin g to societal expectations andearning the revenue to support themselves and their families. The polar opposite of labor isplay. When we play a ga me, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely private pastime;societ y does not care when or whether we play.

如果人们的工作对自己有负面的影响,但为了遵从社会的期望或者挣钱养家糊口而被迫必须继续工作,那么他们就被认为是劳役者。劳役的对立面是玩乐。当我们玩游戏时,我们很享受正在做的事情,但这仅仅是个人娱乐。社会对我们何时玩乐或者是否玩乐并不关心。

Between labor and play stands work. People are labeled as workers if thei r personal interestscoincide with the jobs society pays them to do; what i s necessary labor from the point of viewof society is voluntary play from t he individual's personal point of view. Whether a job is to bedesignated a s labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the ind ividualwho undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, correlate with the difference betweena manual and mental job or between jobs of l ow or high esteem; a gardener covered in dirt ina greenhouse may be a worker while a well-dressed city mayor may prove to be an unhappylabor er!

处于劳役和玩乐之间的就是工作。如果人们的个人兴趣跟社会付酬让他们做的工作相吻合,他们就被称为工作者。社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。一份活到底应定为工作还是劳役并不取决于其本身,而是承担这份活的个人感受。比如,二者的区别与是体力活还是脑力活或尊严的高低没有关联。温室里满身尘土的园丁可能是工作者,而衣冠楚楚的市长则可能是一个不开心的劳役者!People's attitude toward their work determineseverything. To workers, lei sure means simply thehours they need to relax and rest in order to worke fficiently. Workers are therefore more prone todedicate more time to wor king, taking too littleleisure rather than too much. To laborers, on theoth er hand, leisure means autonomy fromcompulsion, so it is natural for the m to imagine thatthe fewer hours they have to spend laboring, andthe m ore hours they have free for play, the better.

人们对自己工作的态度决定了一切。对工作者而言,闲暇只是为了更有效地工作而需要放松休息的时间。因此,工作者更倾向于投入更多的时间工作,而花在休闲上的时间并非很多,而是很少。而对劳役者而言,休闲意味着从被迫状态中得到自主。因此,他们自然会想,花在劳作上的时间越少,自在玩乐的时间越多,则越好。

Besides the mere hours spent in leisure, workers and laborers differ in th e amount of personalsatisfaction they derive from their jobs. Workers wh o enjoy their jobs will be happier, lessstressed, and generally more satisfi ed with their lives. They will also work with more diligenceand precision b ecause they have fostered a sense of personal pride in their jobs. On the otherhand, laborers, whose sole incentive is earning their livelihood, feel

that the time they spend onthe daily grind is wasted and doesn't contribu

te to their happiness. Instead of valuing all 24hours of their day as enjoy

able and productive hours, they gauge only the time spent inleisure and p lay as meaningful. Unfortunately, laborers are all too commonplace, and

only asmall percentage of the population is in the lucky position of being

workers.

除了花在闲暇上的时间不同,工作者和劳役者的区别还在于他们从工作中获得的个人满足感不同。工作者喜欢自己的工作,感觉更快乐,更轻松,通常对自己的生活更满意。他们工作起来也会更勤奋,更精细,因为他们对自己的工作已经产生了一种自豪感。相反,由于劳役者的唯一动力是挣生活费,他们觉得每天花在苦差上的时间是一种浪费,不会让自己快乐。他们不把每天的24 小时都当作愉快有用的时光,认为只有花在休闲娱乐上的时间才是有意义的。不幸的是,劳役者太常见了,只有一小部分人能有幸成为工作者。

In recent decades, technological innovation and the division of labor have

caused majoreconomic changes by eliminating the need for special stren gth or skill in many fields and haveturned many paid occupations with enj oyable work into boring labor. Increasing productivitywith automated mac hines, such as robots, has reduced the number of necessary laboringhour s. It is possible to imagine an upcoming society in which the majority of t he populationwill have almost as much leisure time as in earlier times wa s enjoyed by the medievalaristocracy. The medieval aristocrats had an ab undance of leisure time but often wasted it intrivial pursuit of games and fashion. Likewise, modern-day laborers with too much leisure timemay fi nd it difficult to refrain from the addictive and trivial pursuits of celebrity gossip,extravagant fashion, and excessive video games and TV - similar b ad habits that wastevaluable time.

近几十年,技术创新和劳动分工使许多领域不再需要专长或特殊技能,导致了重大经济变革,把许多可以通过开心工作来挣钱的职业变成了枯燥的劳役。随着自动化机器如机器人的使用,日益提高的生产力减少了必要的劳作时间。可以想象,在即将到来的社会中,大多数人会拥有同早期中世纪贵族一样多的闲暇时间。中世纪贵族有大量的闲暇时间,但却往往耗费在玩游戏和对时尚的无聊追求上。同样,有太多闲暇时间的现代劳役者们会觉得很难摆脱那些无聊又易上瘾的追求,像名人八卦、奢华时尚、过度电子游戏和电视等诸如此类浪费宝贵时间的坏习惯

However, it's not necessary to take such a toxicattitude toward such a po

sitive thing as leisure time.In fact, in many countries, people now use the

irleisure time to improve their minds and their workingconditions to creat

e a happier, more contented life.Lifelong learning can make the differenc e betweenbeing bored, unhappy laborers and workers whofind meaning a nd joy in their employment and life.

"Continuing education" or "experiential learning" canoffer an array of clas ses from pleasant diversionssuch as sports, art classes or music to leader shipdevelopment, advanced accounting skills, or CAD (computer-aided de sign), to name only afew.

不过,没必要对休闲这种正面的事情采取如此否定的态度。事实上,目前在很多国家,人们利用闲暇时间去提高认识,改善工作环境,以创造更快乐安逸的生活。终身学习对做一个乏味不开心的劳役者,还是成为一个从职业和生活中发现意义和乐趣的工作者有重要的影响。“继续教育”或“体验学习”能提供一系列课程,略举几例,如从运动、艺术或音乐等休闲娱乐课程到领导力拓展、高级会计或 CAD (计算机辅助设计)等。Whatever the job, people who enjoy their work find time passes quickly. They hurl theirpassion into their work, be it physical like the work of a sm

ith, or more mental like that of ascientist or an artist. Even purely mental

work can suffice as an outlet, as aptly expressedby the phrase "sinking o

ne's teeth into a problem".

不管是什么工作,喜欢自己工作的人总发现时间过得飞快。不管是铁匠的体力活,还是像科学家或艺术家从事的偏脑力的活,他们在工作中都会投入激情。即便是纯脑力活也足以让他们挥洒激情,恰如短语表达的那样,“全身心投入问题中”。Eventually, everyone has to find a job and earn a living. Laborers are slav ing away at a job theydon't enjoy for a small monetary reward, waiting al l day until they go home and play. But whilelaborers are counting down t he hours, workers are energized and focused, taking optimumpleasure in the task at hand. By choosing a job that is both useful to society and pers onallyfulfilling, workers maintain a simultaneous sense of purpose and en thusiasm that improvestheir whole lives. So in the end, whatever job you choose, you must contend with thisessential question: Will you be a labor er or a worker?

最终,每个人都得找一份工作谋生。劳役者仅为了一点金钱报酬,像奴隶一样做自己并不喜欢的工作,一天到晚等着回家玩乐。但是当劳役者倒数着时间之时,工作者则干劲十足,全神贯注,从手头的任务中享受到最大的快乐。他们通过选择一份有益社会、成就自我的工作,怀揣着一种使命感和热情,提升了自己的整个生活。因此到头来,不管你选择什么工作,都必须面对这个根本问题:“你想做一名劳役者还是工作者?”

第九讲高中英语翻译技巧与能力训练(上)[讲义]

高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练 高考英语中的翻译(中译英)题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想,是一种要求相当高的考查形式。要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达习惯的英语句子,并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一个信息。该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力,它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力,还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例,而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。 高考评分标准: 1.每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分;2.语法错误(包括时态错误)每处扣一分;3.译文没用所给的单词扣一分。 如何才能提高中译英水准,在高考中获得理想的分数呢?考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外,关键还在于学会总结规律,找准中译英的切入点。 一、分析句子结构、寻找合适的句型 中文必须仔细读,一定要看的就是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组,也就是我们常说的key words。尤其是最后两句翻译句子,它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么?读出句子结构:对于简单句,辨别出主谓宾,分清定语、同位语和状语;对于并列句,记住两个语法意义上独立的分句,须由连词连接起来;对于复合句,须区分定语从句,名词性从句以及状语从句。一般来说,中译英的句型可分为三大类:1.简单句;2.并列句;3.复合句;同时我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特殊结构。回顾近几年的高考试题时,也不难发现试题中考了一些特殊句式。如:It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with结构。 例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。(wrong) 解析:本题考查:1)简单句There be结构;2)wrong的用法;3)中英文表达的差异。 译句:There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此埋怨,而是互相帮助。(not…but) 解析:本题考查:1)复合句:when引导的状语从句;what引导的主语从句;2)not…but结构;3)“彼此埋怨”的英文翻译。 译句:When(we are)in difficulty/When we meet with difficulties/When we have difficulties ,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other. 例3:我们能做什么来阻止这种疾病蔓延呢?(prevent) 分析:如果有学生没有读全中文原句的话,就很有可能看成是以前所做的“我们要做些什么来阻止这种疾病的蔓延”,而译为We should do something to prevent the spread of this disease.因为这个原因而造成扣分,就太不应该了。 译句:What can we do to prevent the spread of this disease? 例4:他很有可能通过自己的努力得到驾驶执照。(likely) 译句:He is likely to get the driving license with his own efforts. 分析:有些学生一看到有可能,就会想到自己比较熟悉的possible,想当然地翻译成It is possible that…的结构。其实,学生对likely这个key word的使用也是会的,完全能够使用be likely to do或It’s likely th at…的结构。 例5:上海近几年经历了许多变化,如今已成为世界闻名的经济中心。(go through) 分析:乍一看,学生很容易轻易下笔,Shanghai has gone through…,it has become…,这已成为很多学生的一个习惯,句子和句子中随便用逗号隔开,英语不像中文,必须要考虑到句子的结构,逗号也不能随意使用。而此句中,就要想到用并列句中的连接词and来连接两个成分。

论文:浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略

论文:浅析英语翻译能力提升的障碍和策略摘要:翻译能力是英语综合能力的重要组成部分,也是英语专业学生必需具备的基本能力。要全面提升英语翻译能力,需要了解英汉两种文化的差异性,具备深厚的语言功底,掌握熟练的翻译技巧。 关键字:英语翻译能力;提升;障碍;策略 中西文化差异是影响英语翻译能力提升的重要因素,除了文化因素外,英语翻译能力的提升还受到其他因素的影响,本文将进一步的展开叙述影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍及其相应的策略。 一、影响英语翻译能力提升的障碍 1.中西文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译误会 英语翻译就是汉语和英语相互转换的过程,这个过程不仅仅是一种语言现象,也体现了跨文化现象。具体来说,中西方的文化差异体现在文化传统、生活习惯、价值观念和思维方式等方面,而这些层面的差异性往往会造成人们对同一事物有着不同的理解和解释,因此不同文化的差异性容易造成英语翻译的误会。比如,生活中最常见的信封的写法,在中国,习惯的书写顺序是国名,省、市、县、街道,最后才是收信人姓名。而在西方国家信封的书写顺序恰好相反。因此在学习英语知识的同时,需要更加注意对英语文化知识的了解和掌握。

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要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践经验。同时译者还要具有丰富的百科知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识,译者的语言水平即使再高,也是无法做好翻译工作的。 一、一词多义 同一个词,由于语境不同,其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子: 1.They cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。 2.They have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China,London. 他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。 以上两个句子credit 词义都有所区别。 二、词类转译 词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。 1.名词与动词的互相转译: Before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods

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