Unit_9_新视野大学英语教案

Unit 9

Section A College Success Made Easy

I.Warm-up Activity

1. Topic Discussion

i. Student’s Discussion

1) What kind of student could be learnt from as an excellent /outstanding/

a successful/model student?

― He/she should be a challenging/hard working/concerning and helping others and being successful in the examinations.

2)What is your attitude /reflection to the event when you are slow /behind

in your work/studies but your friend succeed in everything he/she does ?

― I’m jealous of him/her.

― I’m envious of him/her.

― I’m angry with myself/the one who succeeded in his /her work/examinations.

― I’m happy with the event and determined to learn from him/her.

ii. Teacher’s Summary

Alright, that’s all for the discussion. I’m convinced that if you study hard and learn from others you will discover more good methods or means and employ them to improve your studies and you can also become one of the best students in your class.

2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage

1) Are you the best student in your class? No I’m not.

But who is ? Li Ming/Liu Fang… is.

2) Li Ming could you tell us what methods /approach/secret arms do you use

to get /gain the crown?

― Hard working

― Having a good planning to manage time and work hard;

― He always studies even during the weekend….

3) What is the specific meaning of the word “tip”? Can you guess/try?

―The general meaning: a small amount of money given as a gift for a small service performed.

― The specific meaning: a helpful piece of advice.

eg. Thanks for your tip on how to solve/deal with this problem.

4) How many tips/pieces of advice are given to help you to become a top

student in the passage?

― 3 tips/3 pieces of advice.

5) What are they?

― Handing in homework on time

― Challenging and overcoming the difficulties in your work/studies.

― Becoming a good test taker.

6) How do you think about the three tips？Are they useful for you or not?

― They are very useful for me.

II. Background Information

Passage A

1. Education systems

Schooling occurs when society or a group or an individual sets up a curriculum to educate people, usually the young. Schooling can become systematic and thorough. Sometimes education systems can be used to promote doctrines or ideals as well as knowledge, and this can lead to abuse of the system.

2. Primary education

Primary or elementary education consists of the first years of formal, structured education that occur during childhood. In most countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. Primary education generally begins when children are four to eight years of age. The division between primary and secondary education is somewhat arbitrary, but it generally occurs at about eleven or twelve years of age (adolescence); some educational systems have separate middle schools with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen. In the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, South Africa, etc., schools which provide primary education are referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and junior schools.

3. Secondary education

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors to the optional, selective tertiary, "post-secondary", or "higher" education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of education. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for either higher education or vocational education, or to train directly to a profession.

4. Higher education

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage or post secondary education, often known as academia, is the non-compulsory educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, or gymnasium. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. Higher education includes teaching, research and

social services activities of universities, and within the realm of teaching, it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). In most developed countries a high proportion of the population (up to 50%) now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economies, both as a significant industry in its own right, and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy.

5. Adult education

Lifelong, or adult, education has become widespread in many countries. However, education is still seen by many as something aimed at children, and adult education is often branded as adult learning or lifelong learning. Adult education takes on many forms, from formal class-based learning to self-directed learning. Lending libraries provide inexpensive informal access to books and other self-instructional materials. The rise in computer ownership and internet access has given both adults and children greater access to both formal and informal education.

Passage B

1. Choose a major at American universities

Students can either select a major or declare themselves undecided at the time when they submit an application for admission into American universities or colleges. In fact, they can remain undecided till the end of their first or at some schools even second year of study.

2. Jacqueline Susann

Jacqueline Susann (1918—1974) was an American author known for her mass-appeal novels. Despite a less than spectacular career as an actress, singer, and playwright, she never lost confidence in herself. Blessed with sensual looks and unbounded confidence, Susann went from unknown to the best-selling author of the 1960s. Her most notable book was Valley of the Dolls, a book that broke sales records and spawned a movie and a TV series. Her other novels include The Love Machine and Once Is Not Enough.

III. Text Structure Analysis

This passage presents some tips on how to make college success. In this passage, we find some paragraphs of similar structure, that is, paragraphs of a topic is supported by details. Take paragraph 6 as an example. The topic sentence is about good test taking. Then the author gives some suggestions about good test taking: read the whole test quickly; focus the attention on the material they know best; answering questions quickly; handle difficult questions.

The global structure of the whole passage is different from the paragraph structure.

Generally, this passage can be divided into 5 parts.

Part 1 (Para. 1): This paragraph tells us the general situation of the essay: no matter how many students a professor may have, there is always one special student who can answer the professor’s difficult questions and turn in his assignment on time without mistakes.

Part 2(Para. 2): This paragraph first tells us the angry feelings of other students toward the top student and then leads us to the question: why can’t I be the special one ? This question leads the readers to read on the passage and to find solutions.

Part 3(Para. 3): This paragraph is a transitional part. It serves as the general introduction of the following paragraphs. The author of the passage has analyzed the difference between the top student and the others and come up with some tips to make college success.

Part 4(Para. 4-6): These three paragraphs offer three tips for students to improve their performance at school. The first tip is not to get behind in the learning schedule.

The second tip is when you have a lot to do, do what’s most difficult first; when what you have to do is equally hard or easy, leave whatever you like best until the end. The third tip is about good test taking. Do what you know first and leave the difficult ones later.

Part 5 (Para. 7 ): The last paragraph servers as a conclusion. The author just gives us three tips to successful learning. If every student learns from others, employs other s’learning method, he is sure to improve his performance at school and becomes the special one.

IV. Structured Writing

Paragraphs of a Topic Supported by Details

In this essay, we find some paragraphs of a topic supported by details. This is one of the most common ways to organize one’s writing. After careful reading of paragraph 6, we can see it has a topic sentence, which is followed by details and then by a conclusion.

At first, the author tells us good test takers do not plow through tests without cease. Then detailed suggestions about good test taking are given to support the topic: first, read the whole test quickly; second, focus the attention on the materials they know best; third, handle difficult questions. Finally, a conclusion is offered: this test taking method is likely to profit you.

(Turn to P.215 and do the Exercise XI. Now fill in the same kind of chart for paragraph 4, identifying the details and the conclusion.)

Students can finish Exercise XII as an assignment. They can choose a topic and write a paragraph of the topic supported by details. In this way, students can be familiar with the writing skill.

V. Detailed Study of the Text

Words & Phrases Study

1.fantastic

a. （infml 口）marvelous; excellent极好的；极出色的

She’s a fantastic swimmer. 她游泳游的非常棒。

You’ve passed your test? Fantastic! 你测验及格了？太棒了！

[扩展]fantastically ad.

You did fantastically well in the exam. 你考得非常好。

2.error

n. [C,U] thing done wrongly; mistake

There are spelling errors in the first sentence.第一句话中有拼写错误。

The letter was sent to you in error. 此信误送给你了。

[同义辨析] error, mistake, fault

这几个词都有把某种东西做错，说错等的含义。error和mistake在

许多情况下都可以互换。

error n.指“背离了真理，不够准确，不大正确”等,因此在这几个词中它的意义最广泛。

She made an error in her calculations.她计算上出了个差错。

Grievous errors can sometimes be made as a result of ignorance. 严重的错误有时会由于无知而造成。

mistake n. 指“因疏忽，不注意或误解而造成的过错”。对它的批评口气没有对error 重，因而日常生活中常见的过错多用此词。

It’s a mistake to let a baby eat chocolate. 给婴儿吃巧克力是不对的。

There are only a few spelling mistakes in the composition. 那篇作文中只有几个拼写错误。

注意下列例句：

1) They are in error. 他们弄错了。（此处不能用mistake）

2) It was an error of judgment. 那是个判断上的错误。（此处不能用mistake）

3) He took my spectacles by mistake. 他错拿了我的眼镜。（此处不能用error）

4) It’s going to rain and no mistake. 没错，要下雨了。（此处不能用error）fault n.指“过失的责任”，有时有“挑错”的含义。它可表示不完善的效果或性格上的弱点。

She finds fault with everything I do. 我干的事她都要吹毛求疵。

Her only fault is being too proud. 她唯一的缺点是太骄傲了。

3.whatsoever

ad. used to emphasize a negative statement 任何；丝毫

There can be no doubt whatsoever about it.这件事毫无疑问。

Are there any signs of improvement? None whatsoever. 有改进的迹象

吗？一点都没有。

No rules whatsoever have prescribed that the students cannot smoke on

campus. 从没有规定学生不能在校园里吸烟。

4.arouse

vt. 1）cause an emotion 引起；激起

Her strange behavior aroused our suspicions. 她不寻常的举动引起我们的猜疑。

He succeeded in arousing the nation’s sympathy. 他已经激发了全民的同情。

2）wake sb. up 唤醒（arouse sb. from sth.）

He was aroused from his nap by the doorbell.他午睡时被门铃吵醒。

Sleeping beauty was aroused from her long sleep by the kiss from the brave princess. 睡美人被勇敢的王子用吻从沉睡中唤醒。

5. magnificent

a.very good or beautiful, and very impressive 出色的；壮丽的；宏伟的

The Louvre Museum is a magnificent Renaissance palace. 卢浮宫博物馆是一座文艺复兴时期的宏伟宫殿。

Her magnificent generosity gave me a deep impression. 她那豪爽的慷慨给我留下了深刻的印象。

6. remarkable

a. worthy of attention; unusual 值得注意的，显著的

Tom is a boy who is remarkable for his stupidity. 汤姆是一个笨的出奇的男

孩。

Beijing Olympic is a remarkable event in 2008. 北京奥运会是2008年一件

引人瞩目的事件。

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. 有关玩具的

历史之所以非同寻常，不是因为几个世纪以来它们有多少变化，而是如何在如此长的时间内保持不变。（CET-4，99.6）

[扩展] be remarkable for sth.以……著称/引人注目

a remarkable change 显著的变化

make oneself too remarkable （使自己）锋芒毕露

remark v.谈起，说n. 谈话，评论

remarkably ad. 不同寻常地

7. schoolwork

n. [U] work that students do for school or in classes 作业

Students do not like too much schoolwork in such a short class.学生们不喜欢

在短短的一节课上做太多的作业。

8. ease

n. [U] ability to do sth. easily 容易，不费力

The injection brought him immediate ease. 他经注射后疼痛顿消。

Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease. 他们的帮助使我能够顺

利地完成工作。

vt. make sth. less painful or severe 减轻；缓解

The aspirins eased my headache.阿司匹林使我头疼减轻。

Talking eased his anxiety. 那一番谈话打消了他的顾虑。

[扩展]ease sb. of sth. 消除某人的痛苦

take one’s ease 不再忧虑

with ease 容易地，无困难地

（be/ feel）at (one’s) ease 感到舒适而无忧虑

9. devil

n. [C] （used for emphasis）a person ,esp. one who is annoying 家伙；人

The poor devil! 多可怜的家伙！

Which silly devil left the fire on all day? 是哪个笨蛋没将炉火熄掉，烧了这一整天？

[扩展]devil n.魔鬼；撒旦，鬼怪

The Devil tempted Adam and Eve. 魔鬼诱惑了亚当和夏娃。

He believes in devils and witches. 他相信魔鬼、巫婆这类事。

10. factor

n. [C] one of the things that help to produce a result 因素

Endurance is an important factor of success in sports. 耐力是运动中取得成

功的重要因素。

Biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to

man. 文化因素对于人的重要性比生物因素对于有机体的重要性更强。

（CET-4，96.1）

11. outstanding

a.extremely good 优秀的；突出的

Einstein was an outstanding scientist.爱因斯坦是位杰出的科学家。

The Cats Musical, which I have seen in London, is an outstanding musical

performance. 我在伦敦看的音乐剧《猫》是一场优秀的音乐剧演出。

12.infinite

a.very great, and seeming to have no limit 极大的；无限的

A teacher must be capable of infinite patience.教师必须具有极强的耐心。

（CET-4，03.6）

Students can get access to an infinite variety of books in the school library.

学生们可以在校图书馆借阅到大量各类图书。

13.infinitely

ad. very much, used esp. when comparing things 极其；非常

The deep expanse of space spreads infinitely in all directions. 深邃的外层

空间向各个方向无限的延伸。

Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile. 妻子倾向于认为丈夫足智多谋、多才多艺。

14. accomplish

vt. succeed in doing sth. 完成

Should we work together, we shall absolutely accomplish our common goal.

倘若通力合作，我们绝对会实现共同的目标。

One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is

easily accomplished. 只能教人使用这种或那种程序，而且这通常很容易做到。（CET-4, 98.6）

[同义辨析] accomplish, complete, finish

这三个词都有“完成”的意思。

accomplish 通常接task, aim, journey, voyage等名词，有时兼有达成（效果）之意。如：The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks. 探险队在五周内完成了航程。

You should accomplish the task within the allowed time.你们必须在规定时间内完成这项任务。

complete比accomplish 具体，可接建筑，工程，书籍等名词，表示经过进一步的努力按预期目标把未完成的工作完成，主要涵义是补足缺少的部分。如：The building will be completed by the end of this month.

这座楼将于本月底竣工。

I only need one volume to complete my set of Dickens’s novels.

我那套狄更斯小说只差一卷就能配齐了。

finish 在很多情况下可以和complete 换用但不及complete 正式。

Can he finish the task? 他能完成这项任务吗？

We finish work at 6:00. 我们六点下班。

15. accomplished

a.good or skillful at sth. 熟练的；有才艺的

She was an accomplished movie director. 她是个成功的电影导演。

Today I accomplished zero.今天我一事无成。

16. mission

n. 1）[C] an important task that sb. has been given to do 任务，使命

Mr. Long’s briefing was not relevant to the mission. 郎先生的指示与此次

任务无关。（CET-4，02.1）

Some soldiers were sent to a military mission to Iraq.一些士兵被派往伊拉

克执行一项军事任务。

2）[C] sth. that one feels one must do 职责

Her mission in life was to work with homeless. 她人生的使命就是和无家

可归者一起工作。

He regards it as his mission to help the cause of world peace. 他把促进世界

和平事业看作自己的天职。

17. investigate

vt. examine a crime, problem, etc. carefully, esp. to discover the truth

调查；审查

Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee be set

up to investigate the incident. 他提议成立一个特别委员会来调查该事件，

许多代表对此表示赞同。（CET-4, 02.1）

The police are investigating the cause of a terrible traffic accident which killed

over 10 persons. 警察正在调查一起造成十余人死亡的恶性交通事故。[扩展]investigate a crime/ problem/ incident/ the cause of a matter

调查罪案/问题/事件/原因

investigation n.调查；审查

investigator n.调查者

18. mysterious

a.full of mystery; not easy to understand 神秘的；难以理解的

He’s being very mysterious about what his work is.对于他从事的工作，他态

度十分诡秘。

[扩展]mysteriously ad. 神秘地，难以理解地

mysteriousness n. 神秘，诡秘

19. analysis

n. [C, U] a careful examination of sth. 分析

Each chapter of the book is an analysis of a well-known painting. 书的每一

章就是一幅名画的分析介绍。

The assignment asks them to weave the mass of questionnaire results into a readable and informative analysis. 作业要求他们将一大批通过问卷调查所得的结果编成一份读来有趣资料丰富的分析报告。

20. peak

n. [C] the highest point or level 最高点；高峰

His career is at its peak now. 他的事业现在处于鼎盛时期。

Membership was already near its peak. 会员人数已接近最高值。

[扩展] be at the peak of one’s life 处于一生之巅峰期

21. excellence

n. [U] the quality of being extremely good 优秀；卓越；杰出

He established excellence at the magazine. 他在杂志编辑上有杰出成就。

The firm is a byword for excellence. 这家商号是优质的保证。

22. credit

n. 1) [C] a successfully completed part of a course at a university or college 学分Freshman composition is a 3-credit course.大学一年级的作文课是一门三学

分课程。

It takes 124 credits to graduate. 毕业须修满124个学分。

2) [U] belief or trust in the truth or rightness of sth. 信任

I have full credit in your ability to do the job. 我完全相信你有能力做这件工

作。

Do not place too much credit in hearsay. 不可过于相信道听途说。

[扩展] a man of high credit 极有名望的人

credit account(=[美]charge account) 赊账

credit sales 赊购

credit note 信用票据

letter of credit 信用状

credit card 信用卡

23. responsibility

n. 1) [U] the state of being responsible for sb. or sth. 责任

Terrorists have claimed responsibility for yesterday’s bomb attack. 恐怖主义

者宣称对昨天的炸弹袭击事件负责。

The captain is absolved from all blame and responsibility for the shipwreck.那位船长被免除了因船只失事而遭致的非难和罪责。

2) [C] a job or duty that one must do 职责；义务

It’s her responsibility to ensure the project finished on time. 她的职责是确保项目按时完成。

I have increasing personal responsibilities. 我的个人负担越来越重了。

[扩展] on one’s own responsibility 自作主张地, 自负全责地

shift the responsibility onto sb. 把责任推到某人身上, 嫁祸于人

take full responsibility for 对... 负完全责任

take [assume] the responsibility of [for] 负起...的责任

take the responsibility upon oneself 自己承担起责任来

24. amount

n. [C,U] quantity 数；数量

What affects the amount of carbon-14 on the earth? 什么因素影响碳14在地球上的量？(CET-4, 02.6)

A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year. 每年都要花

费大量金钱在广告上。

vi. (to) equal to; add up to 等于；总计达

Building costs amount to six million dollars. 建筑费用总计达600万元。

It all amounts to a lot of hard work. 那一切意味着大量的艰苦工作。

[同义辨析] the amount of , the number of

the amount of 与不可数名词搭配，强调量的概念。

The driver was alarmed by the large amount of people swarming onto the bus.

公交司机为蜂拥而上的乘客大吃一惊。

The amount of unemployed capital is very large.未被利用的资金数量很大。the number of与可数名词搭配，强调数的概念。

They put the number of deaths at 300.他们估计死亡人数有300。

The number of tourists to that place is limited. 去那地方旅游的人数有限制。[扩展] in amount 总之, 结局; 总计

in large (small) amount 大(少)量地, 大(小)批地, 大宗地(小额地)

never amount to anything 一事无成

not amount to anything 一事无成

no amount of 怎么(再多)也...不

a large amount of 大量

25. entertain

vt.1) be ready and willing to think about sth. 考虑；怀着

I will never entertain the idea of that poorly paid post. 我再也不会考虑那

个待遇低的职位。

The minister entertained a new solution to the serious problem. 部长考虑

了一个新方案解决这个严重的问题。

2) do sth. to amuse or interest people 使快乐；给......娱乐

Most children’s television programs aim to educate and entertain at the

same time.大多数儿童电视节目旨在教育和娱乐并重。

The child was entertaining himself with his building blocks. 孩子在搭积木

玩。

[扩展]entertain friends at [to] dinner 招待[请]朋友们吃饭

entertain a proposal 愿意考虑这一建议

entertain an idea 抱着一种想法

entertaining a. 使人得到娱乐的；有趣的

entertainer n. 表演者

entertainment n. 娱乐；娱乐节目

26. alternative

a. different from sth. else and able to be used instead of it 供选择的

We prepared an alternative plan, in case it rained. 我们另准备了一套计划，

以防下雨。

Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social

rank based on family background. 竞争而获得成功被看作是美国人取代

通过家庭背景而获得社会地位的另一条出路。（CET-4, 99.1）

You have no alternative/ choice but to follow my instruction. 除了听我指

挥，你别无选择。

n. [C] sth. that can be chosen instead of sth.else 供选择的东西

Her father gave her the alternative of going on to college or starting to work.

她父亲让她在上大学继续求学和开始工作之间做出抉择。

To children on vacation from cities, the rugged environment presents

exciting alternatives.对于从大城市来度假的儿童说来，这种艰苦的环境提

供了令人兴奋的调剂。

[扩展] have no alternative but to do sth.除做……之外别无选择

I had no alternative but to accept the offer. 我除了接受该项目提议之外，别

无选择。

alternate v. ( 使) 轮流，交替

alternation n.轮流

27. irregular

a. not following the usual pattern of grammar 不规则的

She tested the whole class on irregular verbs. 她对全班学生进行不规则动

词测验。

It is a bit irregular to promote a man so soon. 如此匆匆提升下属有些不正

常。

[扩展]an irregular physician 无照开业的内科医生

irregular troops 非正规军

irregular conduct 不正当行为

an irregular coast line 曲折的海岸线

an irregular verb 不规则(变化的)动词

irregularity n. 不规则；不平坦；不合常规

irregularly ad.不规则地

regular ?irregular

28. grant

vt. give sb. sth. 给予

Our teacher granted request to every student. 我们的老师对学生有求必

应。

Faculty members who dedicated themselves to teaching soon discover that

they will not be granted tenure, promotion, or substantial salary increases.

那些专注于教学的大学教师，不久后发现他们不能得到终身制资格，不

能获得提升，也不能享受实实在在的加薪待遇。（CET-6, 99,1）

n.[C] an amount of money given to sb. for a particular purpose 资助；拨款The government gave us a grant to build another classroom. 政府给了我们

一笔拨款，用来再盖一件教室。

You can get a grant to improve your house. 你可以得到一笔拨款来修缮住

房。

[扩展] grant/ granting/ granted that 假定……即使……..

Granting that what you say is true, it is no excuse. 纵然你所说的是真话，

但那也不是理由。

grant sb. permission to do sth. 准许某人做……

grant the truth of what sb. says. 假定……所说的事实

take it for granted 认为理所当然

29. cease

n. [U] stop; end 停止；终止

It seemed that we had walked for days without cease. 我们似乎不停地走

了好几天。

They worked on without cease.他们不停地干下去。

v.stop doing sth. or stop happening 停止

At last they ceased working for lack of capital.最后，他们由于缺乏资金而

停工了。

The dying man soon ceased to breathe. 那个垂死的人不久停止了呼吸。[扩展] cease fire 停火

without cease 继续不断地，不停地

ceaseless a. 不停的

ceaselessly ad.不停地

30. concentration

n. [U] the process of giving all one’s attention to sth. 集中精力；专心；专注The tennis players need total concentration during play. 网球运动员在比

赛中需要全神贯注。

The drug affects one’s power of concentration.这种药使人精神不能集[扩展]concentrate v. 精神集中，专心致志

concentrate (sth.) (on sth./doing sth)专心致志于某事物

31. adapt

v.change one’s behavior or attitude to deal with a new situation (使) 适应You will soon adapt yourself to this new environment. 你很快就会适应这

里的新环境。

She adapted herself quickly to the new climate. 她很快就适应了这种新气

候。

vt.change sth. for a different purpose 改编；改装

The book has been adapted to the needs of children.这本书是为迎合儿童

的需要而改写的。

This machine has been specially adapted for underwater use. 这机器是为

水下使用而特别改装的。

[同义辨析] adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match

都含―适合‖ 、―适应‖的意思。

adapt指―修改或改变以适应新条件‖, 如:

You should adapt yourself to the new environment. 你应该适应新环境。

These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes. 这些式样均可改动以适应个人不同的爱好。

adjust指―调整‖、―调节‖使之适应, 如:

You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes. 你把望远镜调节到适合你的眼睛之后, 你才看得见。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.身体迅速自行调节以适应气温的变化。

fit多指―大小适合‖, 引伸为―吻合‖, 如:

The shoes adapt me well. 这鞋我穿正好。

Her coat fits her exactly.她的大衣很合身。

suit 多指―合乎要求、口味、性格、情况‖, 如:

No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。

That color doesn’t suit your complexion. 那颜色不适合你的肤色。

match指―大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称‖, 如:

A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers.红上衣与绿裤子不相配。

The curtains and the carpets match perfectly.窗帘和地毯十分协调。

[扩展] adapt for 使适合于; 为...改编[改写]

adapt from 根据...改写[改编]

adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事

adapt sth. to 使某事物适应或适合

adaptable a. 能适应的

adaptation n. 适应；适合；改编

adaptive a. 适应的

adaptor n. 适配器；改编者

32. weird

a. very strange and unusual, and difficult to understand or explain 离奇的，难以理

解的

He has some weird ideas. 他有一些稀奇古怪的念头。

It’s really weird seeing yourself on television.

看到自己上了电视感觉怪怪的。

33. profit

v.be useful or helpful to sb. 有益于，有利于

A wise person profits by/from his mistakes.智者从自己的过失中得到教

益。

You will gain/get profit from your studies. 你将从学习中获益。

n. [C,U] money gained by trade or business 利润，盈利

Newspaper makes a profit from/out of the advertisements they carry. 报纸

从其所刊登的广告中获取利益。

There is very little profit in selling newspapers at present.现在卖报纸利润

很少。

[扩展] do sth. to one’s profit [with profit] 做某事而得益于

gross [net] profits 毛[纯]利

paper profits 纸上的利润, 实际不存在的利润

reap profits at the expense of others 损人利已

small profits and quick returns 薄利多销

sell sth. at a profit 出售某物而获利

profitability n.盈利

profitable a.有盈利的，有益的

profiteer n. 牟取暴利的人，投机商

34. alter

v. change or make sb. or sth. change （常为细微地）（使）改变

These clothes are too large; they must be altered. 这些衣服太大，得改改。

The waiter apologized and altered the figure on the bill. 侍者道歉并修改

了账单上的数字。

[同义辨析]alter, change, vary

这三个词都含有“改变”之意

alter v. 指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动，而没有变成另一种事物。

I’ll have to alter the diagram. I’ve made a mistake. 我得修改图表,我出了点儿错。

He altered one of the rooms into a bedroom. 他把一间屋子改建成了卧室。change v. 指位置、性质、外表、形式或是数量、质量等改变，常与into 连用。

指―使改变的与原物完全不同‖或―使发生以新代旧的变化‖,如:

The appearance of the town is quite changed. 这个城镇的外观变化颇大。

Most English women change their names when they marry.英国妇女大多因结婚而改姓。

vary v. 所指某事物或其部分的改变常为暂时的或反复的。如:

It’s better to vary your diet rather than eat the same things all the time.你最好变换一下饮食，不要总吃同样的东西。

The results of the experiment varied wildly. 试验结果差异很大。

[扩展]alter an opinion 改变意见

alter the appearance of 改变……的面貌

alteration n. 改变；修改

35. performance

n. 1) [C,U] how well or badly a person does a particular job 成绩；表现

Some athletes take drugs to improve their performance.一些运动员为了提

高成绩而使用违禁药品。

The overall performance of a college student at school is closely related to

his future.大学生在校的整体表现与其未来有密切联系。

2) [C] the act of performing a play, dance, etc.表演

The theater gives two performances a day.这个剧院一天演出两场。

A music performance may take place indoors in a concert hall or outdoors

in a field. 音乐表演可以在室内的音乐厅也可以在户外的场地上进行。

36. stand out be much better than others 突出；出色

The real talented is sure to find his day of standing out among the rest.真正

有才华的人定会脱颖而出。

If it does ring while you are in the shower, the event will stand out and be

remembered.如果你洗澡的时候电话果然响了，那么这件事将浮出水面，

并被记住。（CET-4,95.1）

[扩展]stand aside 不做事；退出（竞争）

stand by 袖手旁观

37. no matter how/where/what,https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4a15995439.html,ed to say that sth. is the same whatever

happens 不管怎样（哪里，什么等）

Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no

matter what we may have done during the day.研究结果表明，不论我们白

天可能做过什么事情，每天晚上都有大约两小时在做梦。（CET-4, 99.1）

No matter where the children may travel, they are the concern of their

parents.不论游子身在何方，都让父母牵肠挂肚。

38. turn in give sth.. to the person who is in charge 上交

Turn in everything captured. 一切缴获要归公。

Turn in your homework, please. 请把作业交上来。

39. with ease without any difficulty 容易地，不费力地

He passed the examination with ease.他轻松地通过了考试。

Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.他们帮助我，使我能够

顺利地完成工作。

40. sit back make no effort to do sth. 闲坐着，不做努力

Are you going to sit back and let me do everything? 你打算闲坐着，把所

有事都让我干？

They won’t sit back and let you do it alone. 他们决不会袖手旁观让你一

个人干的。

41. get behind not do as much as one should have done 拖延

If you don’t keep up with the times, you’ll get left behind. 如果你跟不上

时代，就会被时代甩在后面。

I’m getting behind (with my work). 我（工作）落后了。

42. get sth. out of the way finish or deal with sth., esp. sth. difficult or unpleasant

完成或处理某事

Let me get these letters out of the way before dinner. 让我在晚饭前把这

些信件处理完毕。

Get the boy out of the way for a few minutes while I wrap his present.我在

给男孩包礼物时，把他引开几分钟。

43. strike sb. as sth. give sb. a particular opinion or feeling 给某人某种感觉或印

象

He has always struck me as an honest worker. 他给我的印象是个老实的

工人。

The idea at first struck me as stupid, but now I think it is a good one. 开始

我觉得这想法很愚蠢，可现在认为还不错。

44. have to do with be connected with sb. or sth. 与……有关

Do you have something to do with this group? 你和这个集团有关系吗？

You do not have to worry, since you have nothing to do with this affair. 既

然你与这件事没关系，你就不必担心。

45. plow through finish sth. that is difficult or boring 艰难地完成

He plowed his way through the crowd. 他费力地穿过人群。

He plowed through his exam. 他费力地通过了考试。

46. adapt to change one’s behavior or attitude so as to be used to sth. new (使适

应)

You will soon adapt yourself to this new environment. 你很快就会适应这

里的新环境。

She adapted herself quickly to the new climate. 她很快就适应了这种新气

候。

Language Points

1. Whatever the number, there’s usually one student from the group that stands out as being special, fantastic even. (Para.1)

Meaning: It doesn’t matter what the number of the students will be; there is usually one student who is much better than other students as being special and even extremely good.

2. No matter how difficult a professor’s question, that one special student seems to know the answer. (Para. 1)

No matter how/whether/what/when, etc.: used to say that something is the same whatever happens 无论……

No matter how hard he tried, he simply could not work the problem out. 不管怎么努力，他就是解答不出这道题。

No matter what your age, you can lose weight by following this program. 无论你多大年龄，只要按照这个计划行事，体重就能减下去。

3．…that one special student is able to turn in his assignment on time and without a single error whatsoever. (Para. 1)

Meaning:…the excellent student is always able to finish and hand in his homework on time without any mistake.

4. Surely, you know a student like this. Possibly he arouses in you feelings of anger. (Para. 2)

Meaning: Of course, you must know a student like this. He might make you feel angry.

5.Surely, it’d be magnificent to be like this person, but since it’s not you who is doing so well, posting remarkable grades and completing schoolwork with such ease, feelings of anger build and build. (Para. 2)

Meaning: Of course, it would be wonderful to become a person like this one. But because you are not the person doing so well, and you are not getting good grades, and you are unable to finish your homework easily, then your angry feelings increase gradually.

6.As a university student, I’m very interested in what factors separate outstanding students from ones infinitely less accomplished. (Para. 3) Meaning: As a university student, I’m very interested in what makes the difference between excellent students and hopeless students.

7.Instead of sitting back and hating successful students, I made it my mission to investigate the mysterious causes of their greatness. (Para. 3)

Meaning: I did not sit back and hate successful students; I went to find out the secrets of their success as my important task.

8. And the fruit of my analysis, after speaking to many top students and their professors, is a group of tips that anyone can use to awaken greatness up within himself and reach new peaks of excellence. (Para. 3)

Meaning: After talking with many top students and their teachers, the result of my analysis gives us some suggestions that anyone can use to become great and achieve much.

9.The first tip is: don’t get behind. The problem of studying, hard enough to start with, becomes almost impossible when you are trying to do three weeks’work in one weekend. (Para. 4)

Meaning:The first suggestion is not to get behind of the learning schedule. Studying is difficult enough, but it is even harder if you have to do the work of three weeks in a single weekend.

10. And if you are behind in written work that must be turned in, the teacher who accepts it late will probably not give you full credit. (Para. 4)

Meaning: If you are behind the time schedule in handing in your written work, the teacher who accepts your work late would probably not give you full score.

11. Little room is given to students that are not able to manage their work and time.( Para.4)

Meaning: There will be no chance for those who are unable to manage their time and work appropriately.

12. Entertain an alternative plan! (Para. 5)

Meaning: Just consider another choice!

13.There will be more desire at half past eleven to read a political science article that sounded really interesting that to begin trying to study French irregular verbs, a necessary talk that strikes you as pretty dull. (Para. 5)

Meaning:It is very likely that at half past eleven people prefer to read an interesting political science article rather than study French irregular verbs, a compulsory task that seems dull to you.

14.Doing fun work may feel like you’re granting yourself a present after doing hard work. (Para. 5)

Meaning: You may feel that doing fun work is just like you are rewarding yourself with a present after completing hard work.

15. The best test takers don’t plow through their tests without cease, answering one question after the next as it comes. (Para. 6)

Meaning: The best test takers take efforts to go through the tests from beginning to end with necessary stops.

16. Second, they focus their attention, keeping their concentration on the material they know best, answering quickly because they are confident. (Para.

6)

Meaning: Then, they gave a lot of attention to and concentrated their efforts on what they know best and answered questions quickly as they are full of confidence.

17.Adapting yourself to this method of test taking might seem weird to you, but it’s likely to profit you. (Para. 6)

Meaning: To make yourself become accustomed to this method of taking a test might appear strange and unusual to you, but it is likely you can benefit from it. 18. Here are but three tips to greater success at school. (Para. 7)

Meaning: These are only three tips that will help you succeed in school learning.

19.Should you ask successful students around you, you will discover more tips. (Para. 7)

Meaning: If you ask successful students around you, you will find out more pieces

of advice.

20. Learn from others, and employ their methods to alter your own studying, and you are sure to improve your performance at school. (Para. 7)

Meaning: You should learn from others and use their methods to change the way you are studying. In this way you will be able to better yourself in your learning. VI. Text Summary

1.Student’s Presentation

（T asks 2-3 students to make presentation.）

2.Teacher’s Summary

Usually there is one student from the group that stands out as being special in a class. The author investigates what factors separating outstanding students from others and finds a group of tips that anyone can use to awaken greatness up within himself and reach new peaks of excellence. Learning from others and employing their methods can surely improve one’s performance at school.

VII．After-text A Exercises

1. Vocabulary: Students are asked to master the key words and phrases.

2. Sentence Structure: T summaries the usage of ―as‖ and ―while‖ and S practices

rewriting sentences after the models.

3. Translation

4. Cloze

Section B A major Question of Majors

I. Reading Skills

Previewing

The particular reading skills introduced for this unit is previewing. Previewing a text before you read can make your reading more efficient in many ways. It can get you acquainted with the author’s style and aims; it can give you an idea of how the text is organized and where to look for ideas and information.

Here is how to preview a reading selection:

Look at the title. Does it tell you what you will be reading about? If so, you can then set a purpose for your reading. Very likely titles give the main idea of the selection.

Notice the visual clues automatically. Visual clues – things like numbers and dates; list, sections and subtitles; dialogues, quotations and recurring phrases –are easy to see in a passage, and can often give you a good picture of its organization and content before we start reading.

Read the first paragraph carefully. The first paragraph usually tells just what the passage will be about. Read it and keep your mind active about it before going on.

Either looking at the passage title or the first paragraph, you might have some prediction for what the passage is about. Although you may not be able to predict every detail and although a writer may surprise you with unexpected ideas, you can often anticipate the general direction the author is going to.

For example, when you see the title ―A Major Question of Majors‖, think about it and predict what the passage is about. You might ask yourself the following question and at the same time have some predictable choices for answers: what is the passage mainly about?

A.A major problem with many different majors.

B. A big difficulty with choosing majors.

C.An important question concerning majors.

D.A great confusion concerning majors.

You might think of more possibilities, such as confusion, problem or difficulty, etc. When you read on, you will find that ―B‖ is the correct prediction.

( Turn to P.218 and l et’s do Exercise I )

II.Warming Up Activity

1. Topic Discussion

i. Student’s Discussion

1) What major do you like ?

― Business and computer.

2) What kind of questions did you meet when you were faced with choosing

a major?

―The major-choice was limited by the score got in the entrance exam; you have to choose your major before you know your exact scores…

ii. Teacher’s Summary

Because of different background, the students are faced with different questions in choosing a major when studying in the university. For the students out of China, it is difficult for them to choose their majors just because they have to do many jobs in their life and change work places or even living places very frequently and so on. In China it was easier before. You pick up a major, and then do the job in your major for comparatively long time or even someone for a life time. But now things are changing. It is increasingly difficult as time goes by. There is much competition after graduation, so you have to get better prepared than before.

2. Questions on the Topic and the Passage

1) Why wouldn’t the writer choose business as his major?

― Because he thought he was an artist.

2) Why did the writer take his parents’ friends coming for dinner as a rest?

― Because he would be able to have a break from the question of majors.

3) What were his parents’ friends talking about all the dinner time?

― The best way for choosing majors.

III. Text Structure Analysis

This author of this passage discusses the problem of deciding one’s major in university according to his own experience.

The passage can be roughly divided into 4 parts.

Part 1 (Para. 1) This paragraph puts forward an important question for college students: what major will you choose? It leads the readers to read on the passage to find the answer.

Part 2(Para. 2-10) These 9 paragraphs describe the author’s own experience of deciding his major in university 15 years ago. In this part, the paragraphs are arranged according to time sequence. The first time is ―tomorrow‖, namely the last day to declare a major; the second time is ―dinner time‖ at the last day in which the author’s parents talked about majors; the third time is ―after the dinner‖until when the author still had not decided his major; the 10 a.m. the following day in which the author missed his first class; the next time is ―as I rushed to school‖, when he finally decided his major ―filmmaking‖; and the last time is ―15 years later‖, when the author found that very few students work in their chosen jobs years later. He himself did not become a filmmaker at the end. Part 3(Para. 11) This paragraph servers as a conclusion. The author presents his point: what one majors in does not matter. What matters is to involve yourself in those things you are interested in and enjoy learning the world. After that, there is plenty of time for one to decide what he will do with the rest of his life.

V. Detailed Study of the Text

Words & Phrases Study

1.echo

n.1) [C] a sound which is caused when a loud, sharp noise, for example a scream, is reflected off a surface such as a cliff or the walls of a building. 回声；回音

Judy found herself listening to the last echo of her shoes clicking on the marble floors. 朱迪发觉自己在倾听她鞋后跟踏击大理石地板发出咔哒声的回音余

响。

They were the only seats not affected by the echo. 这些是唯一不受回音影响

的座位。

v.1) A sound that echoes is reflected off a surface, such as a cliff or the walls of

a building, so that it can be heard again after the original sound has stopped.

发出回声;

The noise of our footsteps seemed to go echoing around the walls. 脚步声

似乎在墙壁周围不停地回响。