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英语宾语从句用法详解

英语宾语从句用法详解
英语宾语从句用法详解

英语宾语从句用法详解初中英语分类练习——宾语从句

复习目标:1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词

2、掌握宾语从句的语序——主句+连接词+主语+谓语

3、掌握宾语从句,主句与从句在时态上的呼应。重点:语序和时态呼应难点:语序和时态呼应;疑问词+不定式的转化;状语从句的辨析

一、宾语从句的连接词:

1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。 eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.

2、连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。 eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.

②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not 连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。eg. The teacher asked the new studentswhichclass he was in. I wonderwherehe got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents.èI don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。 Can you tell me

who(m) do we have to see(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see(√) The teacher asked the studentswhat they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”àShe said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets” I asked him.àI asked him where the tickets are. 三、宾语从句的时态呼应:宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。 eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳) I thought (that) youwould befree today. (√) 【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us (that) the earthmovesaround the sun. 四、其他需要说明的问题: 1、标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。 eg.I heard she had been to the Great Wall.Can you tell me which bus I should take 2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。五、宾语从句和状语从句的区分: eg. 1) I will go out tomorrowif it is fine. 2) I don’t knowif the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法: 1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句

只能放在主句谓语动词之后。 2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when 充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。 3、从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。实战演练一、例题选讲例1 I don’t know ________ he will come or not. A. how B. whether C. weather D. when 答案: B 提示:在宾语从句中出现了or not,这里只能用whether。第二题答案为B,根据题意问他们何时回来,所以要用when。例2 Can you tell me ________they will come back A. where B. when C. which D. who 答案: B 提示:根据题意问他们何时回来,所以要用when。例3 Have you seen the doctor He asked me.(两句并一句)答案: He asked me if / whether I had seen a doctor 提示:是一般疑问句,连接词应为if / whether 例4 How can we get to the science museum Could you tell us(两句并一句)答案: Could you tell me how we can get to the science museum 提示:特殊疑问句,连接词就是它本身的特殊疑问词how,将情态动词can放在主语me之后,时态运用取决于主句。主句could you tell me是委婉语气,是一般现在时,所以从句是什么时态就用什么时态。直接引语变间接引语一、如何变人称:直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. “直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第

二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如: He said to Kate. "How is your sister now"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。“直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。"Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态:直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。如果主句谓语动词为现在范畴的时态或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:(1)一般现在时变为一般过去时(2)现在进行时变为过去进行时(3)一般将来时变为过去将来时(4)现在完成时变为过去完成时(5)一般过去时变为过去完成时(6)过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时要注意在以下几种情况:(1)如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如: The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." →The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. (2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如: He said to me, "I was born in 1973." →He told me that he was born in 1973. (3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如: He said, "I'm a boy, not a girl." →He said that he is a boy ,not a girl. (4)直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语时,时态不变。如: The girl said, "I get up at six every morning." →The girl said that she gets up at six every morning. (5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while引导的表示过去时间的状

语从句,在变为间接引语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如: He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ." →He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如: The teacher said to me . "You must pay more attention to your pronunciation." →The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , "I could swim when I was only six ." →He said that he could swim when he was only six. (7)直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如: Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

三、如何变状语:直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then, yesterday。变为the day before)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this改为that),如: He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his. 四.如何变句型:①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that 引导的宾语从句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John" →He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, haven't you" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus

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1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. (and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that 不能省略。) 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. (that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。) 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。) 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 (2)从属连词if/whether.如: I doubt whether he will succeed. I don’t know if you can help me. (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever, whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why. Who or what he was,Martin never learned. I wonder what he’s writing to me about. I’ll tell you why I asked you to come. 注意 1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。

英语宾语从句练习题20篇及解析

英语宾语从句练习题20篇及解析 一、初中英语宾语从句 1.— Mike, can you explain ______? —I’m sorry, Mum. I was listening to music and didn’t hear it. A.why everything in the house was in a mess B.why nobody answered the phone when I called you C.how you could finish the homework in such a short time D.how you can make the robot work since there is no power 【答案】B 【解析】 句意:——迈克,你能解释一下我打电话给你时,为什么没有人接电话吗?——对不起,妈妈,我在听音乐,没听到。根据can you explain ______?可知本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述句的语序,结合选项,可知语序都正确。根据下文I was listening to music and didn’t hear it.可知选项B“当我打电话的时候,为什么没有人接电话”符合题意,故答案选B。 2.一Why does Jane seem worried? 一She is uncertain about she can get a good job even though she's an excellent student. A.if B.that C.whether D.不填 【答案】C 【解析】 句意:——为什么简似乎很担心?——她不确定她是否能得到一份好工作,尽管她是一名优秀的学生。be uncertain about表示不确定,后面接的宾语从句,用疑问句,位于介词about后,故用whether引导,故选C。 3.---Judy, do you know_______? ---Sure, two days. A.when did the sports meeting begin B.where the sports meeting was held C.how often the sports meeting is held D.how long the sports meeting will last 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析:句意:朱迪,你知道运动会将持续多长时间吗?当然,两天。在宾语从句中只能使用陈述句语序,不能使用疑问句语序,结合答语中Sure, two days.可知该选D。 考点:考查宾语从句的用法 4.一Could you please tell me ? 一In two hours.

初中英语宾语从句专项练习(完整版)

宾语从句基本讲解与练习 一、概念 在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that (在非正式场合that可以省略)。that在从句中不充当任何成分,也没有实在意思,只起到连接作用。 No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day.没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。 Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。 【拓展1】可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice 等。 【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示。 I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.我认为他 不会在会上发言的。

【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等动词以及I’m afraid 等后,可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句,用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。 eg: --- Do you believe he will come 你相信他会来吗 --- I believe so. 我相信会。 --- I don’t believe so. (或I believe not.) 我相信不会。 2. 以whether或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句是陈述句语序。whether或if在从句中不充当任何成分,意为“是否”。 eg: “May I use your knife” He asked me. → He asked me if he might use my knife. 【注意1】从句的主语如果是第一人称,变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致;如果是第二人称,则与主句的宾语一致;如果是第三人称,不用变化。 eg: “Do you know her telephone number” He asked me. → He asked me whether I know her telephone number. 【注意2】:一般情况下,whether 和if 可以互用,但有些情况例外。 ①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。 eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。 ②引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时,只用whether。 eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行动。

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