book4unit2语法教案

Words and Grammar

Teaching goals

1. Target language

a. words and expressions

sunburnt, hunger, expand, circulate, struggle, export, output, satisfied,

strain, rid ... of, lead a ... life, would rather, thanks to

b. grammar

The -ing form as subject and object.

2. Ability goals

Enable students to master the usage of the words and expressions above and use the -ing form as subject and object correctly and freely.

3. Learning ability goals

Help students learn how to use these words and expressions freely to express their ideas and use the -ing form as subject and object as they like. They can also practise actively and attentively so that they reach their goals.

Teaching important points

The usage of the important words and the -ing form used as subject and object. Teaching difficult points

How to use the words and expressions and the -ing form freely.

Teaching methods

Explaining, discussing and practising.

Teaching aids

A projector and a computer.

Teaching procedures & ways

Step I Greeting and revision

T: Morning, everyone. What's your breakfast?

Ss: A steam bread, some potatoes and porridge.

T: When you are eating at the dinning-room, do you often find some food thrown away? Ss: Yeah, we often see some.

T: OK, boys and girls. In last period we talked about agriculture and a pioneer in agriculture--- Dr Yuan. Today over 20 countries have adopted the hybrid rice. The FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) has vowed to be actively involved in spreading the Yuan Hybrid rice worldwide. 80 percent of China's total fields grow Yuan's hybrid rice species, yielding 60 percent of the rice production in China. My question is even if Dr Yuan's dreams come true, can this really solve the starvation? Why? What can we do to solve the problem?

S1: I think it's difficult to say that this can solve the starvation. Because even if there are enough food, as long as people don't treasure it, there is still starvation.

S2: I have an idea to solve this problem. That is we should call on people not to eat meat. S3: Not to eat meat! It's impossible. I like meat most.

S2: But please think, if people continue to eat meat, they have to grow wheat, corn and some other crops to feed them. It's said in America or some other western countries, they do so. Feeding animals what people can eat can run out many foods. That's a big waste. If everyone stops eating meat, I believe we have enough food to supply people all over the world.

S: My god! How could we get rid of meat?

T: Your argument is really interesting. It reminds me a story. When Mr. Lu Xun went to Japan, he took up medicine at first. But later he wanted to become a writer. Because he found that medicine could only cure some diseases of body, but couldn't cure the diseases in the deep heart of people. That was the very problem. So I think only human being get rid of the greed for everything, not only can we solve the starvation but also any problem that bring us trouble and worries. Don't you think so?

Ss: That's right.

T: Buddha said people should give up greed, anger and craziness. That's truth. OK, we should go a-head to the next step.

Step II Word study

T: In the last period, we've learned some new words and expressions. Now let's review them. Look at the screen, please. Try to think of their meanings and their usages. Then complete the exercise on the screen to check if you can use them correctly. After finishing it, you may check your answers with your partners.

Teaches shows the following on the screen.

Complete the sentences with the words from the box in proper forms. Some words may not be used.

Sunburnt, strain, output, export, rid ... of, would rather, increase,

satisfied, super, lead ... a life, thanks to, struggle

l. With the development of science and technology China is ________many kinds of electric products to developing countries.

2.Yao Ming plays basketball in NBA and he is a _________ basketball star.

3. __________bad weather, our football match has to be put off.

4. Now the old couple ___________ simple but happy _________in the countryside.

5. Judging from his _______ face and arms, he works in the open air.

6. I'm very tired. I _______ have a good sleep than go to the cinema.

7. The __________ of corn this year is double that of last year.

8. We ________wheat to Russia and import silk from Japan.

9. The baseball league _________ by adding four new terms.

10. The people to get out of the burning building.

A few minutes later, the teacher may ask some students to read out their answers and give the Chinese meaning of each sentence. The teacher corrects any mistake and gives some explanations.

Answers to the sentences:

1. exporting

2. super

3. thank to

4. is leading a ... life

5. sunburnt

6. would rather

7. output

8. export

9. was strained 10. struggled

T: Well, now let's turn to Page 11 and finish the Ex 1, 2 and 3. Now let's check the answers. Check the answers and give them some explanations.

Step III Grammar

There are two tasks in this step. One is to do some explanations about the structure; the other is to do some exercises in the Discovering useful structures in Page 12.

Task l

The following sentences are from the text A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE. There are some useful structures in them. Let students translate them and pay attention to these boldface words.

1...., He cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life. P10

2. He also doesn't care about being famous. P10

3. His other hobbies include playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. P10

4. Wishing for things, however, costs nothing. P10

T: Well done. Now, please pay attention to the boldface part in each sentence and find out the function of them. Who'd like to explain the function of these underlined parts?

S1: Let me have a try. It's clear that the -ing form in the first and second sentences is used as object of preposition. And in the third sentence the -ing form is used as object. In the last one the -ing form is used as subject. So we can say the -ing form can be used as subject and object like nouns.

T: Quite right. That's the usage of the -ing form. In grammar the -ing form used like this has another name called the gerund. That is to say, it can be used as sub ject and object like nouns. But please pay attention. We seldom use "it" to replace the -ing form as subject. Ok. Now let's do some practice. Look at another three examples on the screen. Please complete the sentences with the given words in proper forms.

1. Fancy Mary ______(do) a thing like that!

2. _____(take) physical exercise every day is profitable to our health.

3. That is a matter of importance, it wants_______ (handle) carefully.

4.Her not _______(come back) made us disappointed.

5.1 must apologize for _____-(not let) you know ahead of time.

6. M.r Brown regretted _______(beat) his son.

Ask one student to do it. Correct mistakes if there is any and do some explanations at the same time.

Suggested answers:

1. doing

2. Taking

3. handling

4. coming back

5. not letting

6. beating

T: By the way, I'd like to do some further explanations. It is not always easy to decide when the gerund should be used after a given verb as the object. This is a matter of general usage. As we know some verbs and phrasal verbs usually take a gerund after them. Do you know what they are?

S2: Let me see. Such words as advise, avoid, cannot help, consider, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, give up, keep from, leave off, miss, practise, stop, suggest, etc. usually plus gerunds after them ...

T: There are other words such as acknowledge, deny, admit, postphone, resist, fancy, put off, etc. are often followed by gerunds. Here are some examples.

e.g. I can not postphone answering his letter. He narrowly missed being killed.

Task 2

T: Let's continue to do some exercises. Please look at Page 12. Please do Ex 2. You are asked to rewrite the following sentences using the -ing form as the subject.

Ask some students to do them one by one.

Keys to Exercise 2:

Helping people in need of help is nice.

Growing super hybrid rice is not easy.

Learning more about fanning is not difficult.

Doing research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city.

Getting rid of hunger is very important in some African countries.

6. Explaining this again is important or we will get confused.

T: Well done! Why not go on with Exercise 3. This time join the two halves to make sentences. Keys to Exercise 3:

1. Dr Yuan likes talking to rice growers about his work.

2. He continued doing research until a better strain of rice was found.

3. Many city kids look forward to visiting the countryside.

4. Not all students enjoy working in the fields.

5. They started producing hybrid rice in 1974.

6.1 remember meeting the scientist while he was in Beijing last time.

T: Good! Now, please finish Ex 4 in Page 13. Use the following phrases with the -ing form to describe a person you admire.

Teacher can give students four minutes to write a short passage by themselves and then ask one or two students to give their answers.

T: Ready? Who's willing to read his or her passage?

S1: The person I admire is my uncle. As a young man, he dreamt of becoming a scientist. He was good at all his subjects at school. But when he saw the need for doctors in the poor countryside, he decided to devote himself to looking after sick people. After graduating from Shanxi Medicine University, he became a doctor in our hometown. He cares little about making money. He is interested in helping poor people. When some poor villagers come for help, he seldom asks them for charge. He even offers some money to them. He is never afraid of becoming poor. He is only concerned about people's health.

T: Very nice, thank you. OK, after class you can exchange your passages with each other and enjoy what your partners have written. Today we reviewed some important words and phrases. Please remember them after class. And we also learned about the -ing form used as the subject and object. Try to do some practice so that you can master the usage of the -ing form.

As for Exercise 5. If time permits, you can ask students to do it in class, If not, you can ask them to do it as homework after class.

T: Now, let's play a game called "What were you doing when the flood came?" That is, imagine when the food came what you were doing. You can tell an experience in a flood or you can imagine one. Please work in groups of four and take turns to describe an activity. Be sure to use the -ing form of the verb. Two minutes later, be prepared to tell your ideas to the class.

T: Which group would like to tell their ideas first?

S1: I was helping my parents get in the rice in the field when the flood came. I ran as fast as possible to the softy. I

S2: I was playing football with my friends on the playground when the flood came.

S3: I was reading a novel at home when the flood came. So I had to climb up a tree.

S4. I was riding my bike to the market to buy some fertilizer when the flood came. T: Excellent! Another group ...

Teacher can ask two or three groups of students to tell their ideas. Teacher can ask the rest of students to exchange their ideas after class.

The introductions about V-ing in the reference book are very good, teacher can add them to this step.

Step IV Using Structures

T: Now please turn to Page 50 and finish Exercise 1 quickly. I'll give you 2 minutes to do this. Check their answers with the whole class.

T: Well, Now I'd given you some time to do it, according to the instructions in Exercise 2. Please try to use the structures we learned today. Now work in pairs or groups to finish this task.

Sample

1.1 hate chatting in QQ, because I find it really boring. After chatting, you will find that you gain nothing except boredom. It's dangerous when a person is tripped in it. One of my neighbours left his wife and child, and sold his house to meet his QQ girl friend. But half year later, he came back empty-handed. What a shame!

2. I'm interested in teaching. Though the job can't bring me much money, I think what I do will bring children wise or intelligence.

3. I'll enjoy visiting Taiwan. Because it is reported in news papers that People in Taiwan are those who are the most filial. People in Hong Kong are the second, and people in the mainland are the third. I want to go there and find what makes people there so filial. And it reminds me a Chinese poem. I can't help reading it out for you.

Step V Homework

T: Next time we'll learn Organic Farming on Page 13 and An Early Farmer Pioneer on

Page 51. If possible, please find some information about them. Today's homework is to finish all Exercises on Page 49. That's all for today. See you next time.

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1）hunger 名词，表示“饥饿，欲望”。 have a hunger for sth渴望做某事。satisfied one’s hunger解饿。 作动词，表示“（使）饥饿”。hunger for/after表示“渴望得到”。 2）thanks to 表示“由于”。区别thanks to，due to和owing to： thanks to相当于on account of；because of ，多用于褒义。owing to表示“因为”，只能作状语。due to也表示“因为”，可作状语，可放在be后面，也可直接用在名词后面。 3）freedom freedom of；freedom to do…表示“……的自由”。freedom from…不受……的影响。 the freedom of sth随意使用某物的权利。 4）would rather 表示“宁愿，宁可”后接动词原形。 would rather do…than do…表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。 would rather后接省略that的宾语从句，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。 5）suitable形容词“合适的，适当的”。be suitable for/to sb/sth适合于……。 6）term 名词，表示“术语，期限，学期”。带有term的短语： holiday terms冠冕堂皇的言语，奉承的言语serve one’s term服刑in good set terms用坚决严肃的语言in the long（short）term从长远（短期）来说in terms of用……的字眼，从……观点出发；换算，折合 7）refer to向某人/某事物查询信息。提到，说到，涉及到。与某人有关。适用于。 8）reduce 表示“减少，缩减，缩小，降低，简化”。 reduce…to减少到……；使陷入……的境遇；使成为……的情况；使变形，使变化；分解，化简。归纳成为。reduce…by减少了……。 9）supply 作动词，表示“补给，供给，提供”。supply sb with sth=supply sth to/for sb。 作名词，表示“供给，供应”，是不可数名词。表示“供应品，补给品”，是可数名词，常用复数形式。in short supply缺少，供应不足。 h ave a large/good supply of… = have large supplies of… 备有许多……。 10）whatever 作连接代词，表示“无论什么，凡是……”，引导让步状语从句。相当于no matter what…也可以引导名词性从句。做疑问代词，意思是“（究竟是）什么”。or whatever诸如此类。作副词，常用于no+名词，nothing，none等之后，以加强语气。 11）summary表示“总结，归纳，摘要”。 in summary总的来说。作形容词，表示“简短的，迅速的，概括的”。 12）rid rid sb of sth除掉某人的……。get rid of意思是“除掉，除去，摆脱”。 13）regret 作动词，表示“后悔，懊恼，惋惜”。作名词，表示“懊恼，遗憾，悔恨”。regret sth/that…后悔某事。regret doing sth后悔干了某事。 regret to do sth遗憾要干某事。It is to be regretted that…遗憾的是……。 to one’s regret 抱歉，令某人遗憾的是。 14 be satisfied (with) 对……感到满意 Households may not be satisfied with a 500% buffer.但是房主们应该不满意500%的缓冲准备。If you are not completely satisfied, you can get your money back. 15. lead a ...life: 过着……的生活 If the operation succeeds, the patient will be able to lead a normal life. Mrs. Black is retired and leads a quiet and peaceful life in a mountain village. 16. insist on sth/doing sth: 坚持做某事