研究生英语综合教程上Unit1-4,9 PartA课后单词

Unit 1

academia n. 学术界acumen n. 敏锐，聪明ambiguous adj.不明确的ambiguity n. 不明确

brink n. 始发点，边缘collaborative adj. 协作的，合作的

collaborator n. 合作者，协作者

contributor n. 投稿人，撰稿人conviction n. 坚定的信仰或主张

expertise n. 专门知识，专门技能

foster v. 培养，促进，助长headhunter n. 猎头

lone wolf n. 自行其是的人，好独处的人

mindset n. 思维定式mitigate v. 缓和，减轻mobilize v. 争取支持，动用资源

newbie n. 新手

outshine v. 优于…，使…黯然失色

perception n. 看法，认识prioritize v. 使…优先prospective adj. 预期的，未来的，可能的

scary adj. 可怕的

studied adj. 经过深思熟虑的teamwork n. 合作，协作，配合

transition n. 过渡，转变Unit 2

aftertaste n. 余味apportion v.分配，分摊apprentice n. 学徒

broth n. 肉汤，米汤，菜汤ceramic adj. 陶瓷的

chili pepper n. 辣椒粉chrysanthemum n. 菊collective adj. 集体的，共同的

commemorate v. 纪念，庆祝

culinary adj. 烹饪用的

drainage 排水，排污

dynasty 朝代

eccentric adj. 怪异的，古怪的

exquisite adj. 精致的

facet n. （性格、情况等的）一

个方面

fare n. 食物

ferment v.使…发酵

filling n. 馅

fragrance n. 香味

garnish n. （添加在食物上的）

装饰菜

ginger n. 姜

glutinous adj. 很黏的

greasy adj. 多脂的，沾油脂的

harmonious adj. 和睦的，融洽

的

humility n. 谦逊，谦恭

improvise v. 即席而作，即兴

表演

light adj. 味道清淡的，浓度低

的，易消化的

lingering adj. 经久不消的，久

缠不去的

literally adv.逐字的，照着原文

longevity n. 长寿

maw n. 动物的嘴（咽喉）

precept n. 戒律，准则

reed n. 芦苇

reign n. 统治时期

renowned adj. 著名的

scallop n. 扇贝

seniority n. 年长，职位高

specialty n. 特色菜

stew v.炖，焖

tendon n. （连接肌肉和骨头的）

腱

toast n. 祝酒

triangular adj. 三角形的

whiff n. 一阵气味

Unit 3

advance adj.预先的，提前的

affectionately adv. 亲切的，有

感情的

annotate v. 加注解于

articulate v. 清楚地表达，清晰

地吐字

banish v. 驱逐，赶走

bereavement n. 丧亲（之痛），

丧友（之痛）

cataclysmic adj. 剧变的，骤变

的

conservative adj. 保守的

conservatively adv. 保守地

cop n. 警察

craft v. 精制

defenseless adj. 未设防的，无

防备的

deftly adj. 灵巧的，敏捷的

derivative adj. 无独创性的，

无新意的

earmark n. 特征

enticing adj. 吸引人的，诱人的

fledgling adj. 新生的，年轻的

fundamentalist n. 信奉正统

基督教的人

goblet n.无柄高脚杯

hedge v. 避免作出正面回答

installment n. （分期连载的）

部分，（分期出版的）分册

intellectualism n. 理智

magisterial adj.权威的，威严

的，盛气凌人的

maturity n. 成熟

note n. 口气，调子

orphan v.孤儿

outdo v. 超过，胜过

outright adj. 完全的，彻底的

plotline n. 情节主线，主要情节

promise v. 有…的希望，使…

很有可能

prose n. 散文

punch n. 宾治，潘趣酒

quibble n.小小的不满/批评，

吹毛求疵

quirky adj. 古怪的，奇特的resistible adj. 可抵抗的，可抑制的

seductive adj. 诱人的，有魅力的

sour adj.敌对的，不愉快的unadorned adj.未装饰的，不加渲染的

undercurrent n. 潜伏的情绪villain n. 坏人，反面角色witchcraft n. 巫术

wizard n. 男巫

Unit 4

accommodate v. 迎合，迁就altruistic adj. 利他主义的，无私的

avalanche n.雪崩

bolster v. 改进

cuddle v. （尤指喜爱而）搂抱，拥抱

elusive adj. 难以表述的，难懂的

frenzied adj. 狂乱的，疯狂的，异常激动的

impair v.削弱，损伤，损害impairment n. 削弱，损伤，损害

liaison n. 密切的联系，关系mundane adj. 平凡的，平淡的myriad adj. 无数的，不计其数的

neurotic adj. 神经质的，神经过敏的，极度焦虑（害怕）的obsessive adj. 着迷的physiological adj. 生理机能的，生理系统的

platonic adj. 纯友谊的，柏拉图式的，纯精神恋爱的prerequisite n.必备条件，先决条件，前提psychosomatic adj. 由精神压力所引起的，（疾病）由心理上的惧怕（焦虑）引起的

reminisce v. 缅怀往事，追忆往

事

retard v.阻碍，减缓

retardation n. 阻碍，减缓

witticism n.妙语，俏皮话，诙

谐语

wry adj. 露出怪样的，苦笑的

Unit 9

clog v. 堵塞

cram v. 把…塞入

crash v. 借宿

demolish v. 摧毁，拆掉

development n.新开发的房

产，新建住宅区

dire adj. 极其严重的，极可怕的

divert v. 改变（用途或方向）

dole n. 救济金

eligible adj.合格的，有资格

的

eliminate v. 消除，根除

flatline v. 降到很低的水平

hellhole n. 地狱般的地方，环

境极恶劣的地方

initiative n. 计划，措施

lot n. 【尤美】一块地（用于建

房或其它用途）

lousy adj. 糟糕的

mismatch n. 不匹配，不协调

mortgage n. 抵押借款，按揭

pending adj. 未定的，待决的

raze v. 把（城镇、建筑物）夷

为平地

skimp v. 舍不得花（足够的钱、

时间等），克扣

slump v. 暴跌

soar v. 骤升，猛增

stall v. 停滞不前

status quo n. 现状

subsidize v.给予补助

traction n. 牵引力

virtually adv.事实上，实际上

voucher n. 代金券，凭证

windfall n. 意外之财

(完整版)Unit研究生英语综合教程上单词

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第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。

一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。

研究生英语精读教程(第三版上)课后习题

研究生英语精读教程（第三版上） Unit 4 B. great regret C. great despair D. great disappointment 2. I have nothing but disdain for such a person. A. respect 3. The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. A. scattered 4. I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas. D. generate 5. There was a meager attendance at the council meeting. B. enough C. ample D. haughty A. negotiation B. punishment 7. We can't rule out the possibility that he will come after all. B. refuse C. accept D. take C. tied to D. shut on 9. We three were the sole survivors in the traffic accident. A. lucky B. fortunate C. blessed 10. I slept through her dull speech. D. imaginative A. letters B. dealings C. writings A. pieces B. slips D. portions 13. The old lady ______ the sweet-smelling flowers into a garland. A. tied C. curved D. twisted B. prudent C. shrewd D. rude A. area B. place C. district A. firing B. lighting D. glowing 17. Sports, and not learning, seem to ______ in that school. A. appear B. occupy 18. Each chess player will have five minutes to ______ his next move. A. hoped C. wished D. wished to B. A word C. Words D. The word Unit 5 1. His beautiful writing is akin to drawing. A. as B. from C. above 2. His knowledge on the subject seems to be on a par with my own. A. different from

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全新版大学英语综合教程4重点单词表 Unit 1 text A Alliance Campaign Conquest Crucial Decisive Declaration Desperate Efficient Engage Equip Heroic Instruct Invasion Launch Limp Minus Occupation Offensive Raw Reckon Region Render Resistance Siege Stroke(n.) Toll Underestimate Weaken At the cost of Be faced with Be/get bogged down Bide one’s time Bring to a halt Catch sb off guard Drag on Engage/be engaged in (doing) sth.In the case of Press on/ahead Reckon with Stand/get/be in the way Take a gamble Take its/a toll Thanks to Turn the tide (against) Text B Aboard Ambitious Boast Cancel Concern Contest Objective Obstacle Responsible Secure Stiff Withstand Call off Due to Hold out In case On the eve of Pay off Pin down Prior to Unit 2 text A Alert Apart Application Approximately Automate Bunch(v.) Calculate Computerize Correlate Decrease Detect Eliminate Expansion Frequency Harzard Incorporate Lane Lucrative Magnetic Monotonous Mount Orbit Prototype Remote Satellite Signal Steer Vapor Vibrate Be poised to (do) Get/be stuck in In the air Send out Start up Take control of Turn (sth.) into a reality Text B Accommodate Address(v.) Affordable

研究生英语精读教程-翻译

UNIT 1 1. 你对他说的话不能为你这种行为辩护。(justify) 1) What you said to him can hardly justify such conduct of yours. 2. 你认为他会因为同主教的私人关系而免受宗教迫害吗? (immune from) 1) Do you think he would be immune from religious persecution by reason of his personal relation with the Bishop? 3. 你对心理医生的忠告采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做恶梦。(recur) 1) Your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist will affect whether or not your bad dream recurs. 2) Whether your nightmare recurs depends on your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist 4. 乐观主义者成功的秘诀在于他们是用积极的态度对待失望和失败。 1) The secret to the success of optimists is that they deal with disappointments and failures in a positive way. 5. 悲观主义者往往容易失败，部分原因就是一个人对自己的看法常常是一种能够自我实现的预言。(in part) 1) The reason that a pessimist tends to fail is, in part, that a person's opinion about himself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 2) Pessimists are likely to fail partly because one's perception of oneself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 6. 在幼儿的性格特征没有来得及发展之前，他们的行为不如大多数成年人的行为那样保持一致(consistent)。一个儿童行为的改变，可能表明他的注意力已因其活动特点的不同而转变。他的兴趣总是集中在手头的事情上。个性坚强、兴趣强烈的人能够坚持把自己正在做的事进行下去，只有重大的环境变化才能干扰其行为的方向和目的。 1) In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behavior is less consistent than it is in most adults. A child's changing behavior may show his changing concern with different features of his activity. His interest always focuses on the business at hand. The person with strong traits and interests is able to persist in what he is doing. Only a major situational change can disturb the direction or purpose of his behavior. UNITE THREE 尊敬的编辑同志： 非常高兴中央电视台和贵报举办“我与电视”征文活动。我很遗憾地告诉您我是位残疾人。当您看到我的稿子时，一定觉得我的字迹很乱吧。那是因为我的手不能动，多年来一直叼着笔用嘴写字，这些年来，我用嘴写出了一篇篇文章，一首首小诗。 现在我怀着无比激动的心情把这篇征文寄给您。祝好！ 残疾青年王丽 My respected editor, I am greatly delighted that CCTV and your TV GUIDE are inviting us readers to contribute articles on the subject “Television and Me”. But I regret to tell you that I am a disabled girl. My handwriting is bad you’ll know when reading my manuscript. This is because I’m unable to move my hand, and I can write only with “my mouth”. For many years I grip the pen with my teeth and write the way I do. Over the past years I have “mouth-written”one essay after another, and one poem after another. At this very moment my heart is throbbing with great excitement while answering your call for a report also from me.