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国际贸易实务英文案例

国际贸易实务英文案例
国际贸易实务英文案例

An FOB contract stipulated, “The shipment will be effected in March 2008. If the vessel fails to arrive at the port of shipment on time, the seller agrees to set aside the goods for additional 27 days, and the buyer will bear all costs of delay.”It turned out that under the seller’s repeated requests, the vessel named by the buyer finally arrived at the port of shipment on May 1. As a result, the seller refused to make the shipment.

a.Was the seller entitled to compensation for the warehouse rent, insurance and interest due

to the delay?

b.If the seller had sold the goods to a third party on April 25, should the buyer pay for the

delay?

c.If the seller had sold the goods to a third party on May 1 with a better price, was he

entitled to any compensation?

Case 2

A Chinese import and export company concluded a Sales Contract with a Holland firm on August 5, 2000, selling a batch of certain commodity. The contact was based on CIF Rotterdam at USD 2500 per MT. The Chinese company delivered the goods in compliance with the contract and obtained a clean-on-board Bill of Lading. During transportation, however, 100 metric tons of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Upon arrival of the goods, the price of the contracted goods went down quickly. The buyer refused to take delivery of the goods and effect payment and claimed damages from the seller. How would you deal with this case?

Case 3

A contract to sell grain used a CFR term. The grain was officially certified as Grade One at the time of being delivered on board at the port of shipment. After making the shipment, the seller gave the buyer timely notice. However, due to the long voyage, some grain went bad. At the destination, the grain could only be sold as “Grade Three”. Consequently, the buyer claimed compensation for the damage. Should the seller pay?

Case 4

Under a CIF contract, the goods had been loaded on board the vessel according to the terms of the contract. Then the vessel departed. An hour later, the vessel struck on a rock and sunk. The next day the seller’s bank presented the shipping documents, insurance policy and invoices to the buyer, and demanded payment.

a.Should the buyer pay?

b.Which party would have to take the loss?

Case 5

Dee Co. signed a large export contract stipulating, “Shipment will be made during August of 2008”. But due to the problems with the vessel, the shipment was not made until September 13. Upon Dee’s request, the carrier antedated the B/L to August 31.

(1)What could be the consequence of antedating?

(2)What would be the right thing to do in case of a possible shipment delay?

A Chinese exporter signed a CIF contract with a foreign importer. Payment was to be made by irrevocable sight L/C. Both the contract and the L/C prohibited transshipment. Within the validity of the Credit, the exporter shipped the cargo on board a liner sailing direct to the port of destination, and presented the direct B/L for negotiation. Later the foreign issuing bank also made payment against the direct B/L forwarded by the negotiation bank. However, in order to collect some other cargos, the carrying vessel unloaded the cargo at an intermediate port without authorization. The cargo was instead reloaded on to an old vessel, and thus arrived at the destination two months late. As a result, the buyer lodged a claim against the Chinese side for fraud, since the cargo was actually transshipped even though the direct B/L was issued. Finally the exporter accepted the claim and made compensation as requested, as he thought that he, as the person booking the vessel, should be liable for the carrier’s unauthorized transshipment.

(1)Do you think the settlement of this case appropriate?

(2)Who should bear the loss? Why?

(3)Who should be liable for the damage? Why?

(4)What should the seller do?

Case 7

On September 1, X company signed a contract to export goods to the U.S. on September 30, City Bank sent an irrevocable L/C with an amount of USD 30,000. The L/C stipulated shipment during October, and Bank of Tokyo to be the reimbursing bank. On October 2, Bank of China advised X of the L/C. But ten days later, X learned that the importer was near bankruptcy. How should X deal with the situation?

Case 8

A Chinese company exported food products to Rotterdam under L/C. The L/C stated that the exporter should provide Sanitary Inspection Certificate in which the wording “The food products are free from illness and are up to standards for eating”was required. After shipment, when the exporter negotiated for payment, the negotiating bank found that the certificated presented by the exporter didn’t show “The food products are free from illness”required in the L/C. The negotiating bank deemed it a discrepancy and the exporter had to ask the inspection body to issue another certificate that was in line with the requirement of the L/C. As a result, the exporter suffered losses resulted from the 20 day’s delay in the settlement for payment. What lesson should the exporter learn from this case?

Case 9

Company A signed a contract with a foreign importer, exporting agricultural products. The date for signature was September 1 and the time for shipment stipulated in the contract was October, November and December. However, after the mid-September, the domestic price of the contracted product was rising to a significant extent. Company A found it would suffer great loss if it exported the goods according to the contract. Upon investigation, the reason for the rising of the price was the serious flood took place in the producing area in mid-July. Can Company A resort to force majeure clause for the avoidance of its contractual obligations? Why?

国际贸易实务案例分析题六.doc

《国际贸易实务》案例分析题六答案 合同的磋商与签订 1、经常会有一些动机不好的外商,很轻易地下订单,而且言明在收到样品后才肯开信用证。当我方寄出样品后,外商却销声匿迹了,我方这样做的结果就是样品白白被骗。请问遇到这种情况我方应如何处理? 评析,一是在寄样品之前应做好调查工作,特别是客户的资信。二是可以对样品内收取一定的费用。 2、请分析下列情况,试问A与B之间的合同是否成立?为什么? (1)11月1日,A邮寄一份实盘给B。 (2)11月8日,A邮寄一份撤回通知给B。 (3)11月11日,B收到A的实盘,并立即用电报发出接受通知。 (4)11月15日,B又邮寄一份确认函,确认他于11月11日发出的接受电报。(5)11月20日,B收到A邮寄的撤回通知。事后双方对该项合同是否成立,发生纠纷。 评析:A与B之间的合同已经成立。理由,首先,11月1日A邮寄的实盘于11月11日送达B处时已经生效,B于当天就发出有效的接受通知。根据一方发出实盘,经另一方有效接受而合同成立的原则,A与B之间的合同已经成立。其次,A在寄出实盘以后,又于11月8日寄出一份撤回通知。但是实盘已于11月11日送达B处而生效。由于撤回通知于11月20日才送达B处,即发盘通知到达在先,撤回通知到达在后,因此该项撤回通知没有撤回的效力。 3、买方发盘要求卖方凭买方提供的规格、性能生产供应某机械设备,发盘规定了有效期为1个月,以便卖方能有足够的时间研究自己是否能按所提供的条件生产供应。卖方收到发盘后,立即组织人员进行设计,探寻必要生产设备添置的可能性和成本核算。两周后,突然买方通知,由于资金原因,决定不再订购该项机械设备,并撤销发盘。此时,卖方已因设计、寻购生产设备,核算成本等付出了大量费用。问,卖方能否提出异议? 评析:卖方可以提出异议。理由根据《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第十六条规定“在未订立合同之前,发盘得予撤销,如果通知于被发盘人发出接受通知之前送达被发盘人,但在下列情况下,发盘不得撤销,发盘写明接受发盘的期限或以其他的方式表示发盘是不可以撤销的,被发盘人有理由信赖该项发盘是不可撤销的,而且被发盘人已本着对该项发盘的信赖行事。”据此,买方的发盘不能任意撤销,因为本案中的发盘具备一项有效发盘的必备条件,它规定了1个月的有效期,该发盘是不可撤销的发盘,且卖方已本着此项信赖行事。卖方如果认为按买方发盘条件达成交易有利可图,可以拒绝买方撤销发盘,并在期限内表示接受订立合同,如买方坚持撤销发盘,卖方可按实际支出的费用加上如果达成合同可望获得的合理利润向买方提出损害赔偿要求。

国际贸易实务英文名词解释(英to英)

国际贸易实务英文名词解释(英to英) What’s International Trade? The international trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. EXPORTING Exporting is the process of earning money by providing the right product at the right price at the right time in the right place beyond your home boundary. The ultimate goal is to make sure that the exporter is to be paid for the goods he sells. EXW EXW means the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises (法定地址) or another named place. The seller doesn’t not declare the goods for export and he needn’t load goods on any collecting vehicle. FAS Free alongside ship means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel at named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of the goods from that moment. FOB Free on Board means the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all the costs and risks from that point. The FOB terms require the seller to clear the goods for export. CFR Cost and freight means that the seller delivers when the goods pass ship’s rail at the named port of shipment CIF CIF means that the seller bears the same obligations as under CFR. In additional that he has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss or damage to the goods during the carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pay the insurance premium. FCA, Free carrier (…Named place) It means that the seller fulfils his obligation to deliver when he has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the custody of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point. If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller may choose within the place or range stipulated where the carrier shall take charge of the goods. When, according to commercial practices, the seller’s assistance is required in making the contract with the carrie r, the seller may act at the buyer’s risk and expenses.

国际贸易实务案例分析

贸易术语 1. 我国某出口公司与外商按CIF Landed London 条件出口一批货物,合同规定,商品的数量为500箱,以信用证方式付款,5 月份装运。买方按照合同规定的开证时间将信用证开抵卖方。货物顺利装运完毕后,卖方在信用证规定的交单期内办好了议付手续并收回货款。久,卖方收到买方寄来的货物在伦敦港的卸货费和进口报关费的收据,要求我方按收据金额将款项支付给买方。 问:我方是否需要支付这笔费用?为什么?答:对于在伦敦港的卸货费,应该由我方支付;但是进口报关费,不应由我方支付。因为我某出口公司与外商按CIF Landed London 条件成交,所以支付的运费应该包括卸至伦敦港码头的卸货费。但是CIF 贸易术语项下的进口清关是买方的义务,因此,我方不需支付进口报关费。 2. 我方以FCA 贸易术语从意大利进口布料一批,双方约定最迟的装运期为4月12 日,由于我方业务员的疏忽,导致意大利出口商在4月15日才将货物交给我方指定的承运人。当我方收到货物后,发现部分货物有水渍,据查是因为货交承运人前两天大雨淋湿所致。据此,我方向意大利出口商提出索赔,但遭到拒绝。 问:我方的索赔是否有理?为什么?答:无理。因为FCA 项下,我进口方负责运输,但我方未在合同约定的装运期内派去运输工具,导致卖方无法及时交货,所以在运输工具晚到的时间内发生的损失应该由我进口方承担。 3. 我方与荷兰某客商以CIF 条件成交一笔交易,合同规定以信用证为付款方式。卖方收到买方开来的信用证后,及时办理了装运手续,并制作好一整套结汇单据。在卖方准备到银行办理议付手续时,收到买方来电,得知载货船只在航海运输途中遭遇意外事故,大部分货物受损。据此,买方表示将等到具体货损情况确定以后,才同意银行向卖方支付货款。 问:1)卖方可否及时收回货款,为什么? 2)买方应该如何处理此事? 答:(1)卖方可以及时收回货款。首先,CIF 术语成交属于象征性交货,其特点是卖方凭单交货,买方凭单付款;其次,CIF 术语成交的条件下,卖方在办理了装运后,并制作好单据后,已完成了交货义务且风险也已转移给了买方。 (2)买方应及时与保险公司取得联系,凭保险单及有关的证据向保险公司提出索赔。 4. 我方以CFR贸易术语与B国的H公司成交一批消毒碗柜的出口合同,合同规定装运时间 为4月15日前。我方备妥货物,并于4月8日装船完毕。由于遇星期日休息,我公司的业务员未及时向买方发出装运通知,导致买方未能及时办理保险手续,而货物在4月8日晚因发生了火灾被火烧毁。 问:货物损失责任由谁承担,为什么?答:货物损失的责任由我方承担。因为,在CFR 术语成交的情况下,租船订舱和办理投保手续分别由卖方和买方办理。因此,卖方在装船完毕后应及时向买方发出装运通知以便买方办理投保手续,否则,由此而产生的风险应由卖方承担。本案中,因为我方未及发出装运通知,导致买方未能及时办理投保手续,未能将风险及时转移给保险公司,因风险应由我方承担。 品质 1、买卖合同中的数量条款规定“ 100M/T 5% more or less at seller ' s option”, 则根据《公约》的规定,卖方最多和最少可交多少公吨货物?多交部分如何作价?若双方未约定多交部分如

《国际贸易实务》(英文版) 词汇

《国际贸易实务》(英文版)词汇 Chapter 1 Introduction to International Trade Trade Frictions 贸易摩擦 Portfolio Investment 间接投资 Chapter 2 International Trade Policy Acquisitions 购并 Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States(HTS)美国协调关税明细表 Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度 International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System 商品名称及编码协调制度 World Customs Organization 世界海关组织 Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国进出口关税条例 Voluntary Export Restaint(VER)自动出口限制 Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定 Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求 Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策 Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案 Red-tape Barriers Export Enhancement Program(EEP)美国的出口促进计划 Dairy Export Incentive Program(DEIP)奶制品出口激励项目 Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade Block

《国际贸易实务》案例分析

《国际贸易实务》案例分析 第六章国际货物运输 【案例1】我公司与外商签订销售合同,出售中国大米10000公吨,合同规定:“自2月份开始,每月装船1000公吨,分十批交货。”卖方从2月份开始交货,但交至第五批大米时,大米品质霉变,不适合人类食用,因而买方以此为由,主张以后各批均应撤销。 问:在上述情况下买方能否主张这种权利?为什么? 【分析】买方可以撤销第五批以后的各批货物。依据国际贸易惯例对分批装运的规定,如果合同和信用证中规定出允许分批装运,并规定了具体的装运时间和每批的数量,只要其中任何一批为按合同规定的条款交付货物,则本批及以后各批均告失效。 在本案例中,第五批大米虽然按时装运,但货物品种不符合合同要求,所以该批以后各批都违背了合同及信用证要求。买方可以予以撤销。 【案例2】有一批货物共1000箱,自A国港口装运至B国某港口,承运人签发了“已装船清洁提单”,但货运到目的港后,收货人发现下列情况:(1)少10箱货;(2)20箱包装严重破损,内部货物大部分散失;(3)50箱包装外表完好,箱内货物短少。 试问上述三种情况是否应属承运人的责任?为什么? 【分析】在本案例所列的几种情况中,属于承运人责任的是(1)和(2)。因为提单是承运人或其代理人在收到货物后签发给托

运人的一种证件,即承运货物收据,证明其已按提单的记载收到托运人的货物。本案例中承运人签发的是“已装船清洁提单”这说明承运人所收到的货物是“表面状况良好”的货物,即货物未受损、包装也完好。货到目的地后发行的(1)、(2)两种情况是表面状况不良好的表现,可见其责任应当由承运人承担。 【案例3】我国对澳大利亚出口1 000吨大豆,国外开来信用证规定:不允许分批装运。结果我们在规定的期限内分别在大连、新港各装500公吨于同一航次的同一船上,提单也注明了不同的装运地和不同的装船日期。 请问:这是否违约?银行能否议讨? 【分析】(1)不是真违约,银行也能议付。 (2)国际《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定,同一船只、同一航次中多次装运货物,即使提单表示不同的装船日期及(或)不同装船港口,也不作为分批装运论处。 (3)因此,符合合同规定,银行不能拒绝议付。 【案例4】外箱尺寸计算不准造成损失案 国外客户C 在2001年5 月份向A公司下了1X40’H集装箱的产品P3的订单中,由于很多产品的包装为新的包装,我司在下了订单1个月后还不能得到确切的装箱尺寸。由于其中一个工厂货物体积与刚下订单时的所报体积多出7CBM,其他部分工厂在给报装箱尺寸

国际贸易实务案例(4)

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---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 国际贸易实务英文版练习题 SUPERB AIM (HONG KONG) LTD. WESTERN DISTRICT BILLS CENTER 128 BONHAM STRAND E. H.K I.C.ISAACS & CO.,LTD. 3840 BANK STREET, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 21224, U.S.A. Dear Smith, We are very pleased to receive your inquiry of May 15th and enclose our illustrated catalogue and price list giving the details you ask for. Also by separate post we are sending you some samples and feel confident that when you have examined them you will agree that the goods are both excellent in quality and reasonable in price. On regular purchase in quantities of not less than 300 dozen of individual items we would allow you a discount of 2%. As to the payment terms, we do business on the basis of L/C. We invite your attention to our other products, details of which you will find in the catalogue, and look forward to receiving your first order. Your sincerely SUPERB AIM (HONG KONG) LTD. We thank you for your enquiry of September 10th and enclose our quotation for wall paper. 1. We have made a good selection of patterns and sent them to you today by separate post. 2. Their fine quality, attractive designs and the reasonable prices at which we offer them will convince you that these materials are really of good value. 3. There is a 1/ 13

国际贸易实务案例分析

1.国内某公司以D/P付款交单方式出口,并委托国内甲银行将单证寄由第三国乙银行转给进口国丙银行托收。后来得知丙银行破产收不到货款,该公司要求退回有关单证却毫无结果,请问托收银行应负什么责任? 收银行不负任何责任,理由如下:根据《托收统一规则》的规定,在托收方式下,银行只作为卖方的受托人行事,为实现委托人的指示,托收银行可选择委托人指定的银行或自行选择或由别的银行选择的银行作为代收行;单据和托收委托书可直接或间接通过别的银行寄给代收行。但与托收有关的银行,对任何文电、信件、或单据在寄送途中的延误和丢失所引起的后果,或由于电报、电传、或电子通讯系统在传递中的延误、残缺和其它错误,以及由于不可抗力、暴动、内乱、战争或其它不能控制的任何其它原因致使业务中断所造成的后果,不承担义务或责任。 所以,在本案例中,托收银行只要尽到“遵守信用,谨慎从事”的义务,对托收过程中所发生的各种非自身所能控制的差错,包括因代收行倒闭致使委托人货款无法收回且单据也无法收回,不负任何法律责任。 托 2.我某外贸进出口公司与德国某贸易公司洽商某商品的出口交易,我方提出付款条件为30%的定金,货物装运后凭单传真T/T付款,德国商人要求降价,否则付款条件应修改为D/P90天,并通过其指定的代收行代收方可接受。请问:德国商人提出修改付款条件的意图是什么?德国商人提出修改付款条件,将T/T改为D/P90天,其目的在于推迟付款,争取了90天的资金周转时间。德国商人要求指定代收行,其目的在于凭信托收据向代收行借单,及早提货销售,达到利用我方资金的目的。 信托收据借单是代收行自己向进口商提供的信用便利,与出口商无关,如代收行借出单据后,到期不能收到货款,则代收行应对委托人负全部责任。因此,只有资信较好、实力较强的进口商、代收行才允许进口商凭信托收据借取货运单据,先行提货。 如果出口商主动授权代收行借单给进口商,即所谓“远期付款交单凭信托收据借单”(D/P. T/R),进口商在承况汇票后可以凭信托收据先行借单提货。日后如果进口商在汇票到期时拒付,则与银行无关,应由出口商自己承担风险。 3.我某贸易发展进出口公司向非洲地区某贸易公司出口一批冻野味食品。合同规定3月份装船,付款条件为D/A见票后30付款。卖方3月5日装船完毕,3月8日向托收行办理D/A30天托收。3月17日买方在汇票上履行了承兑手续。货抵目的港后,买方提取货物并售出,但亏损严重。4月16日汇票到期时,买方因此借故提出拒付。我方只好委托我驻外机构直接与买方谈判,最终该批货物折价25%,货款在第二年分四次偿还而结案,我公司损失严重。请问:我方应从此事件中吸取什么教训? 本案的问题主要在于D/A托收方式。其特点是买方只要在汇票上签字承兑,银行即可在买方不付款的情况下交单给买方,买方就可持有单据提货,等汇票到期时再付款。D/A方式对卖方而言,无疑存在极大的风险,如果买方资信不好,卖好能否收回货款就受制于买方,甚至可能“货、款两空”。可见,采有D/A方式付款,一定要调查买方的资信,在不了解买方资信的情况下不要轻易接受D/A方式结算。 4某公司与外商就某商品按CIF、即期信用证付款条件达成一项数量较大的出口合同,合同规定11月装运,但未规定具体开证日期,后因该商品市场价格趋降,外商便拖延开证。我方为防止延误装运期,从10月中旬起多次电催开证,终于使该商在11月16日开来了信用证。但由于该商开证太晚,使我方安排装运发生了困难,遂要求对方对信用证的装运期和议付有效期进行修改,分别推迟一个月。但外商拒不同意,并以我方不能按时装运为由单方面宣布解除合同,我方也就此作罢。请分析我方如此处理是否适当,应从中吸取哪些教训?处理不恰当。吸取的教训有:

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