土木工程专业英语考试复习资料

专业英语

一．专业词：

1.asphalt沥青

2.abstruct 摘要

3.aluminum铝

4.alloy合金

5.access road进出共地道路

6.abutment桥台

7.arch拱

8.blast-hole爆破孔 9.bearing pressure承载力 10.building materials建筑材料11.bearing wall承重墙 12.bolting栓接 13.building code建筑规范 14.beam梁https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4e16575216.html,pressive压缩的 16.corossion腐蚀 17.cement水泥 18.construction施工19.concrete砼 20.column柱 21.construction施工 22.concrete curing砼养护23.cantilever悬臂 24.column柱 25.ceiling天花板 26.construction control施工控制27.construction operations场地准备 28.construction engineering施工工程

29.civil engineering materials土木工程材料 30.concrete construction砼施工https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4e16575216.html,munity and urban planning城乡规划 32.concrete placement砼浇筑33.concrete production砼搅拌 34.concrete forming砼制模板

35.curtain wall幕墙 36.detailed design详细设计

1.excavation开挖

2.expansive soil膨胀土

3.engineering management工程管理

4.explosive炸药

5.engineering properties of soils土的工程性

6.elastic modulus弹性模量

7.excavation开挖

8.embed埋入

9.earthmoving土方工程 10.expressway公路 11.execution具体操作

12.embankment路堤 13.exploration/drilling 勘探/钻探 14.elevation立面图

15.engineering公路工程 16.fireproof防火 17.foundation treatment地基处理18.gravel 砾石 19.grout灌浆 20.ground water table/level地下水位

21.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 22.geophysical seismic地球物理地震23.girder主梁 24.highway高速公路 25.highway 26.hydration水化

29.multistory building多层楼房 30.management skill管理职能

31.masonry砌体 32.mud 淤泥 33.mechanical and electrical systems机械与电力系统34.oxidation氧化 35.plastic塑料 36.plan平面图 37.pipeline engineering管道工程38.planning施工规划 39.job site工地 40.professional staff专业人员

41.propagation velocity传播速率 42.pavement人行横道

43.project manager项目经理 44.permeability渗透性 45.pier墩 46.quarry采石场47.rock 岩石 48.representative soil sample代表性土样 49.riveting铆接

50.resist抵抗 51.roof屋顶 52.rigid frame钢构

1.soil type 土类

2.silt 粉土

3.sand 沙

4.site investigation 场址勘察

5.seismic人工地震

6.speciality专业

7.structural engineering结构工程

8.surveying and mapping测绘工程 9.steel钢材 29.timber木材

10.shear/bend抗压/抗弯 11.reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土

12.structural member构架 13.slab板 52.skyscraper摩天大楼

14.settle沉降 15.subgrade地基 16.superstructure上部结构 17.substructure下部结构18.span跨 19.transportation engineering交通工程

20.tall (apartment、office) building高层建筑 21.tensile forces扭力

22.truss桁架 23.uneven settlement不均匀沉降 24.uniform settlement均匀沉降25.ultimate tensile/strength极限抗拉强度 26.visual inspection 踏勘

27.welding焊接

二．句子翻译：

1.Concrete construction consists of several operations:forming,concrete, Production,placement,curing.

混凝土施工包括几道工序：支模板，搅拌混凝土，浇筑，养护。

1.Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning

design, construction and management of the built environment.

土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及建筑设施的管理。

2.Civil engineers build build road, bridges,tunnel,dams,harbors,power

plants,water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit,and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population

concentrations.

土木工程师建筑造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。

3.Materials and structural forms are combines to make up the various parts

of a building,including the load-carrying frame, skin, floor and partitions.

材料和不同的结构形式联合组成建筑物的各个不同部分，包括承重框架，外墙，楼板和隔墙。

4.The great variability of soils has led to a variety of solutions to the

foundation problem.

土的巨大的可变性导致基础问题的多样性的解决方法。

6．In cases where the soil near the surface in unable to support the weight of the building, piles if wood ,steel, or concrete are driven down to firm soil. 地表附近的土体不能承载建筑物的重量时，木制，钢制或混凝土制桩被打入坚固土层以加固土体。

7．A scientific approach to the design of foundations has been developed in the 20th century.

科学设计基础的方法已在20世纪内得到发展。

8．Karl Terzaghi of the United stat pioneered studies that made it possible to make accurate predictions of the behavior of foundation; using the science of soil mechanics coupled with exploration and testing procedures.

美国的Karl Terzaghi的先锋研究，利用土力学和探测及测试程序技术，使精确预报基础的性能的行为成为可能。

9．Soil mechanics is concerned with the use of the laws of mechanics and hydraulics in engineering problems related to soils.

土力学研究的是力学和水力学的法则在牵涉土的工程问题中的应用。10．Complete and accurate records, such as borehole logs, must be prepared and maintained, and the samples themselves must be retained for future inspection.

完整和精确的记录，例如钻孔记录必须准备好保管好，并且样品自身也必须保管好供将来校对使用。

11．Structure or other constructed works are supported on the earth by foundation.

建筑物或其它的结构造物是由土地上的基础支撑的。

12．The word foundation may mean the earth itself ,something placed in or the earth to provide support ,or a combination of the earth and the elements placed on it.

“foundation”这个词或者是指土地本事，或者是插入在土地以上提供支撑的物体或者是指土地和立于其上的物体的合称。

13．The sizes of footings are determined by dividing the loads to be imposed at the base of footings by the allowable bearing pressure which can be imposed on the soil or rock of the earth.

基础座的尺寸是由可施加在基础底部的荷载除以地基土和岩石能够承担的容许支撑力来确定的。

14．Underpinning of foundation is of ten necessary, and it may either remedial or precautionary. Remedial underpinning is used to correct defects in existing foundation which may have settle excessively.

补救型或预防型的地基托换通常是有必要的。补救型地基托换用在纠正基础过度沉降的缺陷。

15．When the new bearing stratum reached, forms and placed in the pit, and concrete is pared from the new bearing stratum up within 3-in(76-mm) of the bottom of the old footing.

当到达新的承压层时模板被安置在基坑里，从新的承压层以上向旧的基础底部以下三英寸空间，向上浇灌76MM厚的混凝土。

16．After the new concrete has hardened, the 3-in(76mm) space is packed hand with a mixture of sand, cement and a small amount of water.

在三英寸空间新浇灌的混凝土硬化后靠砂，水泥和少量的水的混合物压紧76mm的混凝土。

17．Called grout, the mixture is packed very tightly into space between the top of the new footing and the underside of the old footing.

所谓的泥浆，即混合物被压实紧密，送到新基础顶部和旧基础下部之间三英寸空间里的混合物被紧密压实。

18．All tall buildings were built with a skeleton of until World War 2.

在二次世界大战前，所有的高层建筑都是采用钢结构。

19．In New York city, the Columbia Broadcasting system. Building, designed by Eero Saarinen in 1962, from column center.

在纽约城由Eero Saarinen于1962年设计的哥伦比亚广播系统大楼有一个由5英尺（1.5米）宽相邻柱的中心距为10英尺（3米）的混凝土柱组成的环形墙。

20．Reinforced concrete has steel bars that are placed in a concrete member to carry tensile forces. These reinforcing bars, which range in diameter from 0.25inch(0.64cm) to 2.25inches(5.7cm).have wrinkles on many countries.

钢筋混凝土由置于到混凝土中的钢筋承担拉力。这些钢筋直径在0.25英尺（0.64cm）和2.25英尺（5.7cm）之间，表面有刻痕以确保粘住混凝土。

最新土木工程专业英语期末复习题

《专业英语》复习题 一、选择题 1.civil engineering dealt with permanent structures for (civilian) use, whereas military engineering dealt with temporary structures for military use 2.attention must (be paid to) the working temperature of the machine. 3.diplomatic relations (have been established) between china and the united states of America 4.a direct current is a current (flowing) always in the same direction. 5.it’s our duty to (comply with) the specification. 6.dose your shop (supply) rebar ? 7.neither I nor he (is) fond of music. 8.the (above-mentioned)cements(水泥) are widely used on the construction site. 9.the production of steel has been increased (by) 70%. 10.i f the garden is big, some floodlights can be (installed). 11.(wherever) you go, you can see many buildings. 12.d ams, (bridge), water supply systems, and other large projects ordinarily employ several engineers to work together. 13.the bigger quantity you order,(the lower until cost you will be offered). 14.i n modern road constructions, powerful modern machines are

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握，第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分： 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专着monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引 100ISTP Index to Science and Technology Proceedings 科学技术会议论文集索引 101 题目title 102 摘要abstract 103 全文full-text 104 参考文献reference 105 联络单位、所属单位affiliation 106 主题词Subject 107 关键字keyword 108 ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers 美国土木工程师协会 109 FHWA Federal Highway Administration 联邦公路总署

(完整版)土木工程专业英语常用词汇

Part IV：Commonly Used Professional Terms of Civil Engineering development organization 建设单位 design organization 设计单位 construction organization 施工单位 reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 pile 桩 steel structure 钢结构 aluminium alloy 铝合金 masonry 砌体（工程）reinforced ~ 配筋砌体load-bearing ~ 承重砌体unreinforced ~非配筋砌体 permissible stress (allowable stress) 容许应力plywood 胶合板 retaining wall 挡土墙 finish 装修 finishing material装修材料 ventilation 通风 natural ~ 自然通风 mechanical ~ 机械通风 diaphragm wall (continuous concrete wall) 地下连续墙 villa 别墅 moment of inertia 惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stress 应力normal ~ 法向应力shear ~ 剪应力 strain 应变 age hardening 时效硬化 air-conditioning system空调系统 (air) void ration（土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l mery壁厨，贮藏室 anchorage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 architectural appearance 建筑外观 architectural area 建筑面积 architectural design 建筑设计 fiashing 泛水 workability (placeability) 和易性 safety glass安全玻璃 tempered glass (reinforced glass) 钢化玻璃foamed glass泡沫玻璃 asphalt沥青 felt (malthoid) 油毡 riveted connection 铆接 welding焊接 screwed connection 螺栓连接 oakum 麻刀，麻丝 tee三通管 tap存水弯 esthetics美学 formwork 模板（工程） shoring 支撑 batching 配料 slipform construction (slipforming) 滑模施工 lfit-slab construction 升板法施工 mass concrete 大体积混凝土 terrazzo水磨石 construction joint 施工缝 honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面 piled foundation桩基 deep foundation 深基础 shallow foundation浅基础 foundation depth基础埋深 pad foundation独立基础 strip foundation 条形基础 raft foundation筏基 box foundation箱形基础 BSMT=basement 地下室 lift 电梯electric elevator lift well电梯井 escalator 自动扶梯 Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μ Young’s modulus , modulus of elasticity 杨氏模量，弹性模量E safety coefficient 安全系数 fatigue failure 疲劳破坏 bearing capacity of foundations 地基承载力bearing capacity of a pile 单桩承载力 two-way-reinforcement 双向配筋 reinforced concrete two-way slabs钢筋混凝土双向板 single way slab单向板 window blind 窗帘sun blind wind load 风荷载 curing 养护 watertight concrete 防水混凝土 white cement白水泥 separating of concrete混凝土离折segregation of concrete mortar 砂浆~ joint 灰缝 pilaster 壁柱 fire rating耐火等级 fire brick 耐火砖 standard brick标准砖

土木工程专业英语

non-destructive test 非破损检验 non-load—bearingwall 非承重墙 non—uniform cross—section beam 变截面粱 non—uniformly distributed strain coefficient of longitudinal tensile reinforcement 纵向受拉钢筋应变不均匀系数 normal concrete 普通混凝土 normal section 正截面 notch and tooth joint 齿连接 number of sampling 抽样数量 O obligue section 斜截面 oblique—angle fillet weld 斜角角焊缝 one—way reinforced(or prestressed)concrete slab “单向板” open web roof truss 空腹屋架， ordinary concrete 普通混凝土(28) ordinary steel bar 普通钢筋(29) orthogonal fillet weld 直角角焊缝(61) outstanding width of flange 翼缘板外伸宽度(57) outstanding width of stiffener 加劲肋外伸宽度(57) over-all stability reduction coefficient of steel beam·钢梁整体稳定系数(58) overlap 焊瘤(62) overturning or slip resistance analysis 抗倾覆、滑移验算(10) P padding plate 垫板(52) partial penetrated butt weld 不焊透对接焊缝(61) partition 非承重墙(7) penetrated butt weld 透焊对接焊缝(60) percentage of reinforcement 配筋率(34) perforated brick 多孔砖(43) pilastered wall 带壁柱墙(42) pit·凹坑(62) pith 髓心(?o) plain concrete structure 素混凝土结构(24) plane hypothesis 平截面假定(32) plane structure 平面结构(11) plane trussed lattice grids 平面桁架系网架(5) plank 板材(65) plastic adaption coefficient of cross—section 截面塑性发展系数(58) plastic design of steel structure 钢结构塑性设计(56) plastic hinge·塑性铰(13) plastlcity coefficient of reinforced concrete member in tensile zone 受拉区混凝土塑性影响系数

土木工程专业英语词汇汇总

A Type Wooden Ladder A字木梯 A-frame A型骨架 A-truss A型构架 Abandon 废弃 Abandoned well 废井 Aberration of needle 磁针偏差Abnormal pressure 异常压力abnormally high pressure 异常高压Abort 中止 abrasion 磨损 Abrasion surface 浪蚀面 abrasive cut-off machine 磨切机Abrasive Cutting Wheel 拮碟abrasive grinding machine 研磨机Abrasive Grinding Wheel 磨碟abrasive particle 磨料颗粒 Absolute address 绝对地址Absolute altitude 绝对高度Absolute damping 绝对阻尼Absolute deviation 绝对偏差Absolute flying height 绝对航高Absolute gravity 绝对重力 absolute permeability 绝对渗透率absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute temperature 绝对温度absorbability 吸收性；吸附性absorption 吸收 abutment 桥墩 abutting end 邻接端 acceleration 加速 acceleration lane 加速车道Acceleration of gravity 重力加速度acceleration pedal 加速器踏板accelerator 催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria 接受准则 access 通路；通道 access door 检修门；通道门access lane 进出路径 access panel 检修门 access point 入口处；出入通道处access ramp 入口坡道；斜通道access road 通路；通道 access shaft 竖井通道 access spiral loop 螺旋式回旋通道access staircase 通道楼梯 access step 出入口踏步 access tunnel 隧道通道 accessible roof 可到达的屋顶accessory 附件；配件accident 事故；意外 accidental collapse 意外坍塌 accommodate 装设；容纳 accredited private laboratory 认可的私 人实验室 accumulator 储压器；蓄电池 accuracy limit 精度限制 acetylene cylinder 乙炔圆筒 Acetylene Hose 煤喉 Acetylene Regulator 煤表 acid plant 酸洗设备；酸洗机 acid pump 酸液泵 acid tank 酸液缸 acidic rock 酸性岩 acoustic couplant 声耦合剂 acoustic coupler 声音藕合器；音效藕 合器 acoustic lining 隔音板 acoustic screen 隔声屏 Acoustic wave 声波 acrylic paint 丙烯漆料(压克力的油漆) acrylic sheet 丙烯胶片(压克力的胶片) active corrosion 活性腐蚀 active earth pressure 主动土压力 active fault 活断层 active oxidation 活性氧化 actual plot ratio 实际地积比率 actuator 促动器；唧筒；激发器 adapt 改装 adaptor 适配器；承接器；转接器； addition 增设；加建 additional building works 增补建筑工 程 additional horizontal force 额外横向力 additional plan 增补图则(附加的平面 图) additional vent 加设通风口 additive 添加剂 Address 地址 adhesive 黏结剂；胶黏剂 adhesive force 附着力 Adhesive Glue 万能胶 Adhesive Reflective Warning Tape 反 光警告贴纸 adit 入口；通路；坑道口 adjacent construction 相邻建造物 adjacent level 相邻水平 adjacent site 相邻基地 adjacent street 相邻街道 adjoining area 毗邻地区 adjoining building 毗邻建筑物 adjoining land 毗邻土地 adjoining structure 毗邻构筑物 adjustable 可调校 Adjustable Wrench Spanner 昔士 adjuster 调节器 adjustment 调校；调整 Administrative Lawsuit 行政诉讼 Administrative Remedy 行政救济 admixture 掺合剂；外加剂 advance directional sign 前置指路标 志；方向预告标志 advance earthworks 前期土方工程 advance warning sign 前置警告标志 advance works 前期工程 aeration 曝气 aeration tank 曝气池 aerial 天线 Aerial mapping 航空测图 aerial photograph 航测照片 Aerial photography 航照定位 aerial rapid transit system 高架快速运 输系统 aerial ropeway 高架缆车系统 aerial view 鸟瞰图 aerofoil 翼型 aerosol 悬浮微粒；喷雾 aerosphere 大气圈 affix 贴附 aftercooler 后冷却器 afterfilter 后过滤器 aftershock 余震 agent 作用剂；代理人 aggradation 堆积 aggregate 骨材；集料；碎石 aggregate area 总面积 aggregate grading 骨材级配 aggregate superficial area 表面总面积 aggregate usable floor space 总楼地板 空间 agitator 搅拌器；搅动机 air bleeding 放气(空气渗出) air blower 鼓风机 air brake 气压制动器 Air chambor 气室 air circuit 空气回路 air circuit breaker 空气断路器 air cleaner 空气滤清器

土木工程专业英语考试题集电子教案

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[2]Therefore,the selection and proportioning of materials for the concrete mixture was governed primarily by consid eration of the spread of construction by slip-forming and durability of hard ened concrete to the hostil e environment.所以,混凝土材料和配比的选择主要考虑滑模施工速度的影响,以及不利环境中坚硬混凝土耐久性的影响. [3]Depe nding on the components’ transportation cost, in certain geographical locations the price of concrete may be as high as U.S. 75 to $100 per cubic meter, at other it may be as low as U.S. $60 to $70 per cubic meter. 根据材料的运输成本,在某些特定地区,水泥的价格会高达每立方米75至100美元,而在其他地方则会低至每立方米60至70美元. [4]Since an adequate concrete cover on reinforcement or tendons is required for structural integrity in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, the protection against failure due to excessive heat is provid ed at the same time. 由于在钢筋混凝土和预应力钢筋混凝土结构中,要求有一个足够结实的混凝土封面来确保建筑的一体性,所以,同时还要求必须提供因温度过高而导致失败的保护措施. 三单元 3.1.1 The placement location of the steel reinforcement within the concrete is specified by the concrete cover, which is the clear distance between the surface of the concrete and the reinforcement. 混凝土中加固钢筋的布置要根据混凝土覆盖层的具体情况决定，混凝土覆盖层和加固钢筋之间应保持有条理的间距。 3.1.2To construct concrete structures of even greater structural strength, very high-strength steel such as Grade 270 strands, may be used instead of Grade 60 reinforcement bars. 要建造更为坚固的混凝土结构，就要使用强度非常高的钢筋，例如，要使用270号得加固钢筋，而不是60号得。 3.1.3Therefore,designs that replicate member sizes and simplify reinforcement placement to result in easier and faster construction will usually result in being more economical than a design that achieves minimum material quantities. 因此，那些复制了构件尺寸和简化钢筋位置的设计能促使更容易更快捷的建设，这样的建设通常会比那些只能获得最小量材料的设计显得更经济 3.1.4The final design will generally be conservative even though the analysis does not refl ect the actual nonlinear structural behavior because member design is based on ultimate strength design and the ductility of reinforced concrete enable force redistributions. 最终的设计通常是保守的，即使这种分析没有表现出实际上的非线性结构行为，但因为构件设计是建立在极限强度基础之上，而且钢筋混凝土的延展性又使强度进行了重新分配。 力矩： moment 轴力：axial force 剪力：shear force 扭矩：torsion 构件：member 内力：internal force 混凝土隔板：concrete diaphragm 3.3what design criteria is for reinforced concrete ？ Safety 、Aesthetics 、functional requirement 、economy 。 第六单元 6-1 The vertical l egs and the horizontal links are themselves frames with large dimensions in the plane of the frame. 垂直支架和水平连接的自身就是在一个平面结构上拥有巨大尺寸的框架结构 6-2 the corner truss legs need strong horizontal connections at frequent modular intervals to make them function together like an equival ent cantil ever 为了使角落桁架支柱的功能等效于等效悬臂，它需要强有力的有频繁模块化间隔的横向连接来保证 6-3 the aerodynamic behaviour was greatly assisted by the apertures which reduced the cross-wind accelerations and forces due to vortex shed ding by as much as 25% 由于涡脱落多达25％从而降低了风切变加速度和力的孔大大增强了空气动力性能。 6-4 this framing resulted from the concept of a tetrahedral framed solid form where all the non-essential el ements were eliminated to create the tube and the external shaping of it 这个框架源于一个四面体框架固体状的概念，这种框架形式的所有的非基本要素被淘汰来创造管与它的外部塑造。 第七单元 7.1Design process involves the selection and or detailing of the components that make up the structural system . 设计过程包括组成结构系统元件的选择和细节设计。 7.2Two components of reaction are d eveloped in hinged support and three reaction component , one moment and two forces parallel to horizontal and vertical axis are developed in fixed support . 铰支座产生2中构件反作用力，固定支座能产生3中反作用力，即1个弯矩，以及两种分别与水平轴和纵轴平行的力。 7.3Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and predict the behavior of structures . The subjects of structural analysis are

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Lesson 1 Compression Members New Words 1. achieve achievement 2. eccentricity center, 中心; ec centric 偏心的；ec centricity 偏心，偏心距 3. inevitable evitable 可避免的avoidable; in evitable 不可避免的unavoidable 4. truss 桁架triangular truss, roof truss, truss bridge 5. bracing brace 支柱，支撑；bracing, 支撑，撑杆 6. slender 细长，苗条；stout; slenderness 7. buckle 压曲，屈曲；buckling load 8. stocky stout 9. convincingly convince, convincing, convincingly 10. stub 树桩，短而粗的东西；stub column 短柱 11. curvature 曲率；curve, curvature 12. detractor detract draw or take away; divert; belittle，贬低，诽谤； 13. convince 14. argument dispute, debate, quarrel, reason, 论据（理由） 15. crookedness crook 钩状物，v弯曲，crooked 弯曲的 16. provision 规定，条款 Phrases and Expressions 1. compression member 2. bending moment shear force, axial force 3. call upon (on) 要求，请求，需要 4. critical buckling load 临界屈曲荷载critical 关键的，临界的 5. cross-sectional area 6. radius of gyration 回转半径gyration 7. slenderness ratio 长细比 8. tangent modulus 切线模量 9. stub column 短柱 10. trial-and-error approach 试算法 11. empirical formula 经验公式empirical 经验的 12. residual stress 残余应力residual 13. hot-rolled shape 热轧型钢hot-rolled bar 14. lower bound 下限upper bound 上限 16. effective length 计算长度

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Part IＶ:CｏmｍｏｎｌｙUsｅd ＰrofesｓionalＴerms ｏf Civil Eｎgｉｎｅeｒｉｎｇ ｄevelopment orｇａnizａtion 建设单位 deｓigｎoｒganｉzａtｉｏn 设计单位 ｃｏnstrucｔｉｏn oｒganizatｉoｎ施工单位 reiｎforced concreｔe钢筋混凝土 piｌｅ桩 stｅｅl ｓtructuｒｅ钢结构 aｌumiｎium aｌlｏy 铝合金 maｓonｒｙ砌体（工程）reinforcｅd~ 配筋砌体 lｏaｄ-bearｉng～承重砌体ｕnreinfoｒced ~非配筋砌体 peｒmissiｂlｅstress(ａlloｗablｅsｔress) 容许应力 pｌywood 胶合板 ｒｅtainiｎg waｌl挡土墙 finiｓｈ装修 finishing ｍatｅrial装修材料 vｅｎｔilaｔion 通风 ｎａturaｌ~ 自然通风 meｃhaｎｉcal~ 机械通风 diａphrａgm waｌl (contｉnuｏus cｏｎcrｅte ｗａll)地下连续墙 villa 别墅 mｏmｅnt of inｅrtiａ惯性矩 torque 扭矩 stｒesｓ应力noｒmａl ～法向应力ｓｈeaｒ~ 剪应力 strain应变 ageｈardｅning 时效硬化 air-conｄiｔioniｎg ｓyｓtｅｍ空调系统 (aｉr)vｏid ｒation(土）空隙比 albery壁厨，壁龛 a l merｙ壁厨，贮藏室 aｎchoｒage length锚固长度 antiseismic joint 防震缝 arcｈitｅｃturaｌapｐearance 建筑外观 aｒchitectural ａrea 建筑面积 arｃhitectural ｄesign 建筑设计 fiａshinｇ泛水 woｒkaｂｉlity （pｌａceabiliｔy) 和易性 safeｔyｇlａss安全玻璃 tempered glasｓ(reinfｏｒｃed glａss) 钢化玻璃 fｏamed glａsｓ泡沫玻璃 asｐhalt沥青 fｅｌt(malｔhｏid）油毡 rivｅｔed connecｔion 铆接 welｄing焊接