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江苏新版牛津英语7B-Unit-5-知识点

江苏新版牛津英语7B-Unit-5-知识点
江苏新版牛津英语7B-Unit-5-知识点

江苏新版牛津英语7B Unit 5知识点

Comic strip

1.Amazing things. 令人惊奇的东西。

amazing 形容词,意为“令人吃惊的,惊人的”,一般用来修饰事物

e.g: How amazing the sight is!多么令人惊奇的景象呀!

惊。

[拓展]英语中还有很多类似的形容词。以-ing结尾的形容词通常修饰物,表示事物的特征;以-ed

2. It’s a UFO, Hobo.那是一个UFO,Hobbo。

UFO不明飞行物,是unidentified flying object的缩写。如:

e.g: I don’t think that is a UFO.我认为那不是一个不明飞行物。

[提醒]UFO的第一发音因素是辅音/j/,该词前要用冠词a。

3. Come on, Eddie. It’s just a plane.得了吧,Eddie。它不过就是架飞机。

come on语气词,意为“得了吧”,表示知道某人所说的话不正确

e.g: Come on, Kate, don’t saying anything.得了吧,凯特,别再说了。

Welcome to the unit

1. Fish sleep with their eyes open.鱼睁着眼睛睡觉。

句中介词短语with their eyes open,open强调在谓语动词动作发生的同时伴随发生另一个动作或存在的状态。“with+名词(短语)+形容词/介词短语”这一结构通常被用来表伴随着的状态。e.g:Mrs Chen walked into the classroom with a book in her hand.陈老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。

The boy was listening to the music with his eyes closed.那个男孩闭着眼睛听音乐。

2. Our eyes are the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing.我们的眼睛从出生时就是相同的大小,但是鼻子和耳朵从不会停止生长。

(1) birth名词,意为“出生,诞生”。at birth在出生时;give birth to生(小孩),产生

e.g:He weighed seven pounds at birth.他出生时有七磅重。

[拓展]birth的派生词有:birthday名词,意为“生日”;birthplace名词,意为“诞生地”(2) stop doing sth.停止做某事,指停止正在做的事情。stop动词,表示“停止,停下”

[拓展]stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做某事”,指停下手中正在做的事情去做另外一件事情。

e.g:Let’s stop to do eye exercise. It’s good for our eyes.让我们停下来做眼保健操吧。这对我们的眼睛有好处。

3.The Sun is about 1,300,000 times larger than the Earth. 太阳比地球大大约一百三十万倍。

(1) times名词,意为“[复](用于比较)倍”,常用于进行比较的固定句型中。

e.g:This street is four times longer than that one.这条街道比那条长四倍。

[拓展]times作名词,还可表示“时代”

e.g:I often go to the Times Square with my father.我常常和爸爸去时代广场。

What time do you get up every morning?你每天早上几点起床?

(2) earth名词,意为“地球”,一般和the连用,可以大写或小写,但单独使用时一定要大写。固定短语on (the) Earth在地球上

e.g:Is the Earth as small as the Moon?地球和月亮一样小吗?

[提醒]我们在谈论天文学的各星球时,星球名称首字母均大写,而平时提及“太阳”“地球”时,则无须大写

4.Do you know any fun facts about the world, Amy?Amy,你知道一些有关于世界的有趣事实吗?

fact名词,表示“事实”,复数为facts

e.g: Lies cannot cover up facts.谎言掩盖不了事实。

[拓展]fact常构成的固定短语有:the fact of......的事实;in fact事实上;accept the fact接受事实;face the fact面对事实;learn the facts了解真相

5.Isn’t that amazing?难道那不惊人吗?

此句为否定一般疑问句,表示肯定的意思和语气,常用于反问或希望得到肯定回答

e.g: Can’t you understand me?你难道不能理解我吗?

[拓展]否定一般疑问句句型的回答,若所述为事实用Yes形式回答;若所述不是事实用No形式回答

e.g: Isn’t it a fine day today?今天难道不是一个好天气吗?

Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.不,是个好天。/是,天不好。

(“Yes, it is.”表示事实本身是肯定;“No, it isn’t.”表示事实本身是否定)

Reading

1.As usual, they sat down under a big tree.像往常一样,他们坐在了一棵大树下。

as usual 副词短语,意为“照例;像往常一样”,在句中作状语。as副词,意为“和...一样”;usual形容词,意为“通常的,平常的”

e.g: Yesterday he got home from work late as usual.昨天他像往常一样很晚才下班回家。She can speak Japanese as well as English.她日语讲得和英语一样好。

[拓展]as介词,意为“作为,当作”;as还可用作连词,意为“像,像...一样;由于”

I will buy Tom a toy car as his birthday present.我将给Tom买个玩具小汽车作为他的生日礼物。

He works in the same office as my sister.他和我妹妹在同一间办公室工作。

usual的反义词为unusual,意为“不寻常的”;副词为usually,意为“平常地,通常地”

e.g: Grandmother told me an unusual story yesterday.祖母昨天给我讲了个不寻常的故事。When do you usually get up in the morning?你通常早晨几点起床?

2.Suddenly, they heard a whisper from the bushes behind the tree.突然,他们听见了来自树后灌木丛中的耳语声。

suddenly副词,意为“突然”,可在句首或句中作状语,但在句首时,通常要用逗号隔开

e.g: Suddenly, I have a good idea.突然,我有了一个好主意。

[拓展]suddenly的形容词为sudden(突然的;出乎意料的)

e.g: His sudden death makes everybody sad.他的突然去世使大家深感悲伤。

3.They turned around but saw nothing.他们环顾四周但是什么也没看见。

turn around动词短语,意为“转身”,指身体转向和原来方向相反的位置,但是没有走动。turn 动词,表示“转动,翻转”;around副词,表示“到处,向各处”

e.g: Turn around and let me look at your back.转过去,让我看看你的后背。

[拓展]类似的短语有:

look around 四周看看

show sb around带某人四处观看

[提醒]当around作介词时,意为“围绕,在...周围”,turn around表示“绕...转”

4.Nobody replied.没人回答。

reply为动词,意为“答复,回答”,固定短语reply to(答复...),相当于answer

e.g: You should reply to his letter at once.你应该立刻给他回信。

I asked her a question, but she didn’t answer me. 我问了她一个问题,但是她没有回答我。

5.They left the park quickly.他们迅速离开了公园。

(1) leave动词,意为“离开,出发”。常见的固定短语有:leave sp.离开某地;leave(...)for sp.动身去某地

e.g:The train leaves Nanjing at 9:17a.m. every day.火车每天上午九点十七分离开南京。My father is leaving Hangzhou for Guangzhou tomorrow.我父亲明天要离开杭州去广州。

[拓展]leave作动词,还可表示“使...处于某种状态”

e.g:Leave the dog along!别去惹那条狗!

(2) quickly副词,意为“迅速地,飞快地”,反义词为slowly(缓慢地),形容词为quick(快的,迅速的)

e.g:A week passed quickly.一个星期很快地过去了。

He gets up quickly and goes on running.他迅速爬起来,继续跑。

6.On their way home, they met Andy.在他们回家的路上,他们遇到了Andy。

on one’s way (to...)是固定搭配,意为“在某人去...的路上;在某人去... 的途中”

e.g:He bought a pen on his way to the park.他在去公园的路上买了一支钢笔。

On his way to the cinema, Zhang Yu met an old woman.张宇在去电影院的路上遇到了一位老妇人。

[提醒]on one’s way (to...)中的to为介词,后接表示地点的副词时要省略

e.g:Now I am on my way home.我正在回家途中。

Don’t worry. They are on their way there.别担心,他们正在往那儿赶。

7.“What happened?”Andy asked.“发生了什么?”Andy问道。

happen动词,意为“发生”,主语为某事,特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的事“发生”,常用句型sth. happen(s) to sb./sth.表示“某事发生在某人身上/某物上”

e.g:What happened to you?你发生了什么事?

[提醒]英语中happen的用法与汉语差别很大:汉语里表示事件的名词往往作“发生”的宾语,但英语中表示事件的名词应作“发生”的主语

e.g:When did the story happen?这个故事是什么时候发生的?

It happened on 1946.它发生于1946年。

[拓展]happen to do sth.意为“碰巧做某事”

e.g:I happened to see him on my way home.我在回家的路上碰巧看到了他。

8.“What is it?” Andy wondered.“这是什么?”Andy想知道。

wonder动词,意为“琢磨,想知道;感到诧异”,相当于want to know,后常接宾语从句、动词不定式或带疑问词的动词不定式。形容词为wonderful(极好的,精彩的)

e.g:I wonder when he will come.我想知道他何时会来。

He wonders what to do next.他想知道下一步该做什么。

I wonder to see you here.看到你在这里,我感到惊讶。

[拓展]wonder还可作名词,意为“奇迹;奇观;奇才”

e.g: The Great Wall is one of the great wonders in the world.长城是世界上了不起的奇观之一。

9.He went to the park, stood beside the tree and listened carefully.

carefully副词,意为“仔细地,认真地,小心地”,修饰动词或动词短语。反义词为

carelessly(粗心地)

e.g:My mother does everything carefully.我妈妈做任何事都很认真。

[拓展]名词为care,意为“小心;谨慎”;形容词为careful(小心的;谨慎的),反义词为careless(粗心的)

e.g:Be careful! It’s dark outside.小心点!外面很黑。

10.He searched the bushes.他搜索了灌木丛。

search及物动词,意为“搜查,搜寻,搜索”,宾语可以是房屋、人、衣服等名词。固定短语search sp./sb.表示“搜查某地/搜某人的身”;search sp. for sb./sth.表示“到某处搜寻某人/某物”,相当于look for sb./sth. in/at/on sp.

e.g:The policeman searched the man but found nothing.警察对那个人进行了搜身,但是什么也没找到。

People searched the whole village for the lost girl.人们为找丢失的女孩搜查了全村。[拓展]search作不及物动词,表示“搜寻,搜查”,固定短语search for sb./sth.搜寻/ 搜索某人/某物,相当于look for

e.g:The policemen are searching/looking for the thie

f.警察正在搜寻小偷。

11.“Here it is,” Andy said to himself.“在这里”Andy自言自语道。

say to oneself动词短语,意为“自言自语,暗自思量”

e.g: My little brother likes saying to himsel

f.我的弟弟喜欢自言自语。

“I must work hard! ” I said to myself.“我必须刻苦学习!”我暗自思量。

[拓展]say to oneself中的oneself为反身代词,反身代词表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”

12. It was very weak.它很虚弱。

weak形容词,意为“虚弱的,无力的”,作表语或定语。反义词为strong(强壮的,强的);同音词为week(星期,周)

e.g: The child was weak with hunger.这个孩子因为饥饿很虚弱。

[拓展]weak作形容词,还可表示“(能力)弱的”,固定短语be weak in/at表示“在...方面差或弱”

e.g: He is weak in English.他的英语不好。

12.Andy picked up the little cat and went to find Millie and Amy.Andy抱起了那只猫,然后去找到了Millie和Amy。

[拓展]pick up 还可表示“整理,收拾”

e.g: Let’s pick up the living room.我们收拾一下客厅吧。

pick作动词,意为“挑选”

e.g: Pick out anything you like, and I’ll buy it for you.随便挑选你喜欢的东西,我买给你。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4517014940.html,lie and Amy were very surprised--it was a little cat!Millie和Amy非常吃惊--它是一只小猫。

surprised形容词,意为“吃惊的,惊讶的”,用来形容人的感受。固定短语有:be surprised at...对...感到吃惊;be surprised to do...做...感到惊讶

e.g: Are you surprised at his words?听到他的话,你惊讶吗?

I am very surprised to see him here. 在这儿遇到他我很惊讶。

[辨析]surprised与surprising

到惊讶。

[提醒]surprised的名词为surprise,意为“惊奇;惊讶”,固定短语为to one’s surprise使某人惊讶的是

e.g: To my surprise, the plan succeeded.使我吃惊的是,计划成功了。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4517014940.html,ter that day, they took the little cat to the animal centre.那天晚些时候,他们把那只小猫带到了动物中心。

later副词,意为“随后,后来”,作时间状语,可单独使用,通常用于一般将来时或一般过去时e.g: I’ll come and see you later.我以后再来看你。

[拓展]later与一段时间连用,即:“一段时间+later”,表示“...(一段时间)以后”,多用于一般过去时

e.g: He found his mother two hours later.两个小时后他找到了妈妈。

Sometimes she gets up late.有时她很晚起床。

I will finish my homework later today.今天晚些时候我将完成我的家庭作业。

Grammar

1.一般过去时(一)

概念:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;也可以表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作

句型结构“主语+动词的过去式+其他”

e.g: Yesterday Tom asked me a question. 昨天Tom问了我一个问题。

He was a teacher three years ago. 三年前他是一位老师。

[拓展]不规则动词过去式的变化也有一定的规律可循

a.过去式与原形相同。如:put--put

b.将原形中的i改为a。如: begin--began

c.将重读开音节中的i改为o。如:drive--drove

d.将原形中的e改为o。如:get--got

e.将原形中的o改为a。如:come--came

f.将原形中的aw\ow改为ew。如:draw--drew

g.将原形中的eep改为ept。如:keep--kept

h.将原形中的eak改为oke。如:break--broke

i.将原形中的ell改为old。如:sell--sold

j.在动词原形后加-d或-t变成过去式。如:hear--heard

k.变为以ought或aught结尾的过去式。如:buy--bought

l.变为以ould结尾的情态动词的过去式。如:can--could

m.有两种形式的过去式。如:learn--learned

不符合上述规律的动词过去式需逐个记忆

2.A month ago, Millie and Amy went to Sunshine Park.一个月以前,Millie和Amy去了阳光公园。

ago副词,意为“以前”,ago常用于一般过去时,表示从说话时刻算起的若干时间以前,不能单独使用,常构成短语:“一段时间+ago”,意为“...以前”

e.g: The story happened two years ago.故事发生在两年前。

Long long ago, there lived a king.从前,那里住着一位国王。

[提醒]ago不能用作介词或连词

Integrated skills

1.can live without...for a long time 没有...活了很长的一段时间

without意为“没有”,是介词with(带有)的反义词,其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式。without与其宾语一起具有条件状语从句的作用,相当于if there is no/not...

e.g: A car is useless without petrol.没有汽油汽车就毫无用处。

He entered without knocking on the door.他没敲门就进来了。

2.Now I am not afraid of animals any more. 现在我不再害怕动物了。

固定短语not...any more表示“(过去曾...)现在不再...”,相当于no longer或not...any longer,强调时间或距离的“不再”

e.g: She no longer lives here.=She doesn’t live here any longer/any more.她不再住这儿了。(她过去住这儿)

[提醒]其同义短语no more强调数量和程度上“没有更多”

e.g: We have no more food at home.我们家里没有更多的食物了。

3.I read about a man the other day.前几天,我读了关于一个男人的事迹。

the other day是固定短语,意为“那天,前几天”,指说话前不久的日子。other作形容词,表示“别的;其他的”

e.g: I met her in the street the other day.前几天我在街上遇见了她。

Is there any other questions?还有其他什么问题吗?

[拓展]anther day另一天,改天,相当于one more day。three other days另外三天

e.g: Let’s discuss it another day.咱们改日再议吧。

4.He can write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.他可以同时用一只手写字,用另一只手画画。

one ... the other...表示“(同一范围中)一个...另一个...”,其中the other表示两者中的另一个,the为特指,起限定作用

e.g: I have two daughters. One is a doctor and the other is a teacher.我有两个女儿。一个是医生,另一个是老师。

[拓展](1)one...the others...表示“(同一范围)一个...另一些全部...”

e.g: I have four books. One is for Jim and the others are for Mary.我有四本书。一本给Tom,其余的给Mary。

(2)some... the others...表示“一些...另一些全部...”

e.g: Some students are reading and the others are talking.一些学生在看书,其他的都在聊天。

Task

1.got its name from a man called John Montagu, the Fourth Earl of Sanwich得名于一位身份为桑威奇第四任伯爵的叫做John Montagu的男人

get sth from...从...得到某物

e.g: What can we get from the sheep?我们能从羊身上得到什么?

[拓展] 含get的常见短语:

get together聚会

get to 到达

get up起床

get ready for为...做准备

2.put meat between two pieces of bread把肉放在两片面包之间

piece名词,意为“块(片,张,件...)”,常与不可数名词连用,即:a piece of+不可数名词,表示不可数名词的数量。若表示不可数名词的多个量时,则要变piece为复数pieces

e.g: This is a piece of good news.这是一则好消息。

Can you please give me three pieces of paper?请给我三张纸好吗?

[拓展]类似的用法有:

a bag of一包

a kilo of一千克

a packet of 一袋

a bottle of一瓶

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4517014940.html,ter became popular all over the world晚些时候变得全球流行

[提醒]all over the world全世界,指的是整个世界; around the world全世界,指的是在整个世界范围内; in the world在世界上

4.by 1935, about 2, 000 TVs in use直到1935年,大约2000台电视投入了使用

in use在使用中,为固定结构“in+名词”,use名词,意为“使用,用途”

e.g: The line is in use.电话占线。

These old machines are still in use.这些陈旧的机器仍在使用中。

[拓展]use还可作动词,表示“用,使用”

e.g:Don’t use that sharp knife.不要用那把锋利的刀。

[提醒]类似结构的短语有:

in trouble在困境中

in danger 在危险中

in history在历史上

in need 需要

5.in China, in 1987, about 29Tvs per 100 families在1987年的中国,大约每一百户人家就有29台电视

per介词,意为“每,每一”,用来表示比率,指每一单位的数量、时间或价格,一般与其他词连用

e.g:These apples cost 10 yuan per kilo.这些苹果每公斤10元。

[拓展]per常构成固定短语:

per hour 每小时

per week每星期;每周

per cent 百分之...,百分数

6.now TVs can be as large as 152 inches现在电视能够有152英寸那么大

as...as...意为“像...一样...”,as...as...表示同级比较,as...as之间接形容词或副词的原级。其中,第一个as是副词,在意义上相当于so,第二个as是连词,也可以作介词用,其否定形式为not so/as...as...

e.g:She is as careful as you.她和你一样细心。

This ticket is not so/as cheap as that one.这张票不如那张便宜。

江苏省初中牛津英语

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