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2014年广东省中考生物试卷

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation . Industrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industria l aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . Both at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a goo d optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farmland, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipula tor dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understand ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um-term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of ind ustrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulator position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the external e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
2014 年广东省中考生物试卷
一、选择题（每小题 2 分，共 100 分）
A ．若乙表示毛细血管网，则丙内流静脉血 B ．若乙表示小肠，则丙内含氧量增加 C ．若乙表示肾小球，则丙是静脉血管 D ．若乙是胰岛，当血糖增多丙内胰岛素会增加
1．相信你认识了不少生物，也学会了区分生物和非生物，下列属于生物的是（）
A ．孔子鸟化石 C ．钟乳石
显示解析 2．在光学显微镜下可以观察到的结构是（）
B ．珊瑚 D ．石头上的青苔
A ．人口腔上皮细胞的细胞壁 B ．草履虫体内的叶绿体 C ．烟草花叶病毒的蛋白质外壳 D ．黄瓜表层果肉细胞的叶绿体
显示解析 3．在人体的四种组织中，构成颅骨的主要组织是（）
A ．上皮组织
显示解析
B ．结缔组织
C ．肌肉组织
D ．神经组织
4．如图是动、植物细胞的结构示意图，下列说法正确的是（
）
A ．①控制物质进出细胞 B ．④是细胞的控制中心 C ．⑤主要存在于动物细胞 D ．⑦可把光能转变为化学能
显示解析 5．关于细胞分裂的叙述，错误的是（）
A ．细胞分裂使细胞数目增加 B ．细胞分裂与多细胞生物由小长大有关
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compatibility a nd (3) not reforming the sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. The men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h lev el of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to cont r ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop regulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresponding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, focuse d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n t he early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro -electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programm abl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. In dustrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . B oth at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a goo d optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farmland, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understand ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um-term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of industrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulator position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the ex ternal e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
C ．动物细胞与植物细胞的分裂过程一样 D ．细胞分裂时染色体先进行复制后平均分配
显示解析 6．观察洋葱表皮细胞时视野中出现如图所示的现象，则最可能出错的步骤是（）
A ．取材
显示解析
B ．展平
C ．盖片
D ．染色
7．在我省生长着外来物种薇甘菊，它茂密的藤蔓缠绕或覆盖住当地植物，夺走本属于当地植物的阳光和养料，严重影响当地植物的生长．薇甘菊与当地植物的关系是（）
A ．竞争
显示解析 8．构成一个完整的生态系统应包括（）
B ．捕食
C ．寄生
D ．共生
A ．食物链、食物网 B ．生产者、消费者和分解者 C ．生物部分和非生物部分 D ．阳光、空气、水分等
显示解析 9．对“生物圈是一个统一的整体”观点的理解，错误的是（）
A ．生态系统中生物之间相互联系 B ．生态系统多样并且相互联系 C ．各类生态系统共用阳光、空气等 D ．各种生物都能在不同生态系统中存在
显示解析 10．探究实验为避免误差，需要计算平均值，但个别例外．下列实验不需要取平均值的是（）
A ．探究蚂蚁的通讯 B ．烟草浸出液对水蚤心率的影响 C ．测定种子的发芽率 D ．探究植物对空气湿度的影响
显示解析 11．观察衣藻、水绵、海带等藻类植物时，发现它们的共同点是（）
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compat ibility a nd (3) not reforming the sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. The men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop regulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresp onding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, foc use d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro-electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. Industrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . Both at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a good optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farm land, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understan d ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um -term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of ind ustrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulat or position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the external e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechani cal arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
A ．有进行光合作用的器官 C ．能固着在海底生活
显示解析 12．下列有关叶芽的叙述，错误的是（）
B ．没有根、茎、叶的分化 D ．能供人类食用
A ．芽中具有分生组织 C ．芽原基直接发育成叶
显示解析 13．水分进出植物的主要途径依次是（）
B ．芽有顶芽与侧芽之分 D ．芽轴发育成植物的茎
A ．根毛、导管、气孔 C ．根毛、筛管、气孔
显示解析
B ．气孔、筛管、根毛 D ．气孔、导管、根毛
14．探究“绿叶在光下制造有机物”的实验现象如图，该实验说明（用需要水； ②光合作用需要光； ③光合作用需要叶绿体； ④光合作用产生淀粉．
）①光合作
A ．②
显示解析
B ．②④
C ．③④
D ．①②④
15．将手插入未晒干并堆放一段时间的谷堆，感到发热和潮湿．这主要是因为（
）
A ．谷物蒸腾作用释放了热量和水分 B ．谷物光合作用释放了热量和水分 C ．谷物呼吸作用释放了热量和水分 D ．细菌真菌分解谷物释放了热量和水分
显示解析 16．洛阳江红树林曾遭严重人为破坏，为恢复其原状，应采取的正确做法是（）
A ．补种并保护红树林 C ．大面积围海造田
显示解析
B ．张网捕猎各种鸟类 D ．大量排入生活用水
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compatibility a nd (3) not reforming t he sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. Th e men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop reg ulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresponding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, focuse d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro -electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. In dustrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . B oth at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a goo d optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farmland, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understand ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um-term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of industrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulator position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the ex ternal e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
17．将两株生长状况基本相同的玉米幼苗，分别在土壤浸出液和蒸馏水中培养，结果如图所示．下列说法正确的是（）
A ．实验变量是水分的多少 B ．实验应在黑暗处进行 C ．土壤浸出液为植株生长提供无机盐 D ．实验说明植物生长需要氮、磷、钾等无机盐
显示解析 18．叶面积指数是指单位土地面积上植物叶片总面积占土地面积的倍数（叶面积指数=
叶片总面积土地面积
），指数过大或过小都不利于农作物高产，下列分析不当的是（）
A ．叶面积指数过小，影响对光的充分利用 B ．叶面积指数适中，光合作用的强度与呼吸作用的强度相等 C ．叶面积指数过大，呼吸作用会消耗大量的有机物 D ．叶面积指数过大，叶片相互遮挡，影响光合作用的效果
显示解析 19．在怀孕时，母亲为胎儿提供营养物质和氧，排出胎儿产生的二氧化碳等废物．胎儿与母亲进行物质交换发生在（）
A ．胚盘
显示解析
B ．卵巢
C ．胎盘
D ．输卵管
20．外出旅游登山时，携带的下列食品，不能补充能量的是（
）
A ．纯净水
显示解析
B ．牛奶
C ．苹果
D ．面包
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compat ibility a nd (3) not reforming the sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. The men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop regulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresp onding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, foc use d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro-electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. Industrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . Both at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a good optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farm land, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understan d ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um -term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of ind ustrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulat or position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the external e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechani cal arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
21．如图表示某人平静和运动两种状态下的呼吸情况，据图分析正确的是（
）
A ．曲线Ⅰ为平静状态 B ．曲线Ⅰ的呼吸频率为 36 次 / 分钟 C ．曲线Ⅱ状态时，呼吸深度较小 D ．曲线Ⅱ状态时，气体交换效率较低
显示解析 22．关于血液在人体心脏中流动方向正确的是（）
A ．肺静脉→左心房→左心室→主动脉 B ．肺静脉→左心室→左心房→主动脉 C ．主动脉→左心房→左心室→肺静脉 D ．上下腔静脉→左心房→左心室→主动脉
显示解析 23．如图为泌尿系统的示意图，其中形成尿液的器官是（）
A ．①
显示解析 24．下列属于人类特有反射的是（）
B ．②
C ．③
D ．④
A ．吃梅止渴
显示解析 25．下列事例不可能由酸雨危害造成的是（
B ．嗅梅止渴
C ．看梅止渴
D ．谈梅止渴
）
A ．鱼塘的鱼大量死亡 C ．大米的重金属超标
显示解析
B ．植物叶片脱落、死亡 D ．建筑物外墙受腐蚀
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compatibility a nd (3) not reforming t he sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. Th e men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop reg ulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresponding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, focuse d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro -electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. In dustrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . B oth at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a goo d optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farmland, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understand ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um-term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of industrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulator position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the ex ternal e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
26．如图为人体内某结构的血流情况示意图，乙代表某结构，甲、丙代表与其相连的血管，箭头代表血流方向．下列说法正确的是（）
A ．若乙表示毛细血管网，则丙内流静脉血 B ．若乙表示小肠，则丙内含氧量增加 C ．若乙表示肾小球，则丙是静脉血管 D ．若乙是胰岛，当血糖增多丙内胰岛素会增加
显示解析
27．在探究“唾液对淀粉的消化作用”实验中，试管中都加入少许等量淀粉酶，试管 1，3 中各加入 2ml 清水，试管 2、4 中各加入 2ml 唾液，如图处理 5～10 分钟，然后分别滴加 2 滴碘液，关于实验分析正确的是（）
A ．试管 1 和试管 4 可作为对照 B ．试管 3 在该实验中是必不可少 C ．滴碘液后，不变蓝色的是试管 2 D ．温度不影响唾液对淀粉的消化
显示解析
28．下列动物中，身体呈两侧对称，有口无肛门的是（
A ．水螅
显示解析
）
D ．蚯蚓
B ．涡虫
C ．蛔虫
29．下列各种动物结构与生理功能相适应的叙述，错误的是（
A ．兔牙齿的分化，与植食性相适应 B ．鲫鱼有鳃，与水中呼吸相适应 C ．家鸽有坚硬角质喙，与飞行相适应 D ．蛇体表覆盖角质鳞片，与减少体内水分散失相适应
显示解析
）
30．下列关于人体运动系统的叙述，正确的是（
A ．运动系统由骨骼、关节、骨骼肌组成 B ．关节由关节头、关节腔和关节软骨组成 C ．骨骼肌既可以牵拉骨，又能推开骨 D ．人体的运动是在神经系统的支配下完成的
显示解析
）
31．关于“小鼠走迷宫”的探究实验，下列说法正确的是（
）
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compat ibility a nd (3) not reforming the sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. The men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop regulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresp onding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, foc use d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro-electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. Industrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . Both at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a good optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farm land, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understan d ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um -term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of ind ustrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulat or position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the external e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechani cal arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
A ．这是探究小鼠的先天性行为 B ．小鼠“尝试与错误”的次数远少于蚯蚓 C ．不同小鼠熟悉迷宫的能力都一样 D ．小鼠一旦学会走迷宫，就不会忘记
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32．控制棉铃虫、玉米蚁等农业害虫有效且环保的方法是（
A ．放养寄生蜂 C ．改种其他农作物
显示解析
）
B ．喷洒农药 D ．人工捕捉农业害虫
33．如图是蘑菇的结构示意图，其中能产生孢子的部位是（
）
A ．①
显示解析
B ．②
C ．③
D ．④
34．“秋风起，食腊味”，广式腊味选在气候干燥的秋季进行晒制，其主要目的是（）
A ．脱去肉内的水分 B ．使肉的色泽金黄好看 C ．使蛋白质分解为氨基酸 D ．让肉发酵，产生独特香味
显示解析
35．根据如图表示的关系，表中各概念间关系与之相符的是（
A B C
）
选项 1 种系统昆虫 2 目器官节肢动物 3 科组织无脊椎动物 4 纲细胞动物
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compatibility a nd (3) not reforming t he sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. Th e men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop reg ulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresponding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, focuse d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro -electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. In dustrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . B oth at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a goo d optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farmland, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understand ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um-term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of industrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulator position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the ex ternal e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
D
单子叶植物
双子叶植物
被子植物
种子植物
A ．A
显示解析
B ．B
C ．C
D ．D
36．烧伤容易感染绿脓杆菌，人们利用绿脓杆菌噬菌体来治疗，能有效地控制绿脓杆菌的感染，绿脓杆菌噬菌体是（）
A ．病毒
显示解析
B ．细菌
C ．单细胞生物
D ．粉末状药物
37．如表是鼎湖山国家自然保护区内动物情况，反映了生物多样性中的（
被子植物 1822 种裸子植物 23 种蕨类植物 148 种鸟类 214 种爬行两栖类 75 种哺乳类 38 种
）
A ．生态系统多样性 C ．生物种类（物种）多样性
显示解析
B ．基因（遗传）多样性 D ．生物数量多样性
38．青蛙生殖过程中，不具有的是（
A ．雄蛙鸣叫
显示解析
）
C ．水中受精 D ．雌蛙孵卵
B ．雌蛙抱对
39．下列与遗传有关的说法，正确的是（
A ．天生惯用左手不属于性状 B ．一条染色体上有多个 DNA 分子 C ．近亲结婚的后代大多患遗传病 D ．基因是具有遗传效应的 DNA 片断
显示解析
）
40．下列人体的细胞中一定含有 Y 染色体的是（
A ．男性的神经细胞 C ．男性成熟的红细胞
显示解析
）
B ．精子 D ．卵细胞
41．下列实例应用了转基因技术的是（
A ．克隆羊 C ．试管婴儿
显示解析
）
B ．高产抗倒伏小麦 D ．生产胰岛素的大肠杆菌
42．今年 5 月在阿根廷中部发现了身长超过 40 米的泰坦巨龙类恐龙化石，这种巨型恐龙比以前发现的霸王龙、剑龙等都要大，是目前世界上发现最重也是最长的恐龙物种．得出这一结论所运用的科学方法或依据是（） ①模拟实验；②观察化石；③进行比较；④科学推测．
A ．①③④ B ．②③④ C ．①②③ D ．①②③④
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compat ibility a nd (3) not reforming the sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. The men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop regulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresp onding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, foc use d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro-electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. Industrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . Both at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a good optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farm land, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understan d ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um -term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of ind ustrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulat or position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the external e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechani cal arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
显示解析
43．在生物园里种植出甲、乙花生，现对甲和乙果实的长轴长度进行抽样测量，结果如表，分析表中数据，以下叙述正确的是（）
长轴（毫米）样本甲数量样本乙数量 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
0
0
1
3
6
8
10
7
3
2
3
7
9
11
5
2
2
1
0
0
A ．甲果实的长轴长度都大于乙 B ．甲中长轴存在个体差异，这种差异不属于变异 C ．由数据推测甲乙可能为两个不同品种 D ．两个样本组间的差异主要是由环境引起
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44．用基因组成为 Aa 的鸭梨枝条，嫁接到基因组成为 aa 的枝条上，结出果实的果皮细胞基因组成为 Aa 的概率是（）
A ． 25%
显示解析
B ． 50%
C ． 75%
D ． 100%
45．今年春季多地出现手足口病病例，卫生部门要求幼儿园要做好课室和幼儿用具的消毒卫生工作，尽量减少病例传播．这一预防措施属于（）
A ．消灭病原体 C ．控制传染源
显示解析
B ．切断传播途径 D ．保护易感人群
46．接种疫苗能够有效预防传染病，这是因为疫苗（
A ．能直接杀灭病原体 B ．能促使人体产生相应抗体 C ．本身是抗体，能特异性吞噬抗原 D ．是一种抗生素，注射后能增强抵抗力
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）
47．如图，遇到有人因溺水停止呼吸时，应采取的措施正确的顺序是（
）
A ．①③④②
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B ．①②③④
C ．②①④③
D ．②①③④
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compatibility a nd (3) not reforming t he sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. Th e men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop reg ulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresponding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, focuse d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro -electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is

Manipulator i s now used a s a industri al robots i n us e, the control obje ctives often appear ofte n in i ndustrial aut omation. In dustrial automati on te chnol ogy has gra dually mat ured, a s mature a te chnol ogy line has been rapid devel opment i n industrial aut omation a s a se parate s ubje ct. Ma nipulator appli cation bega n to filter into w eldi ng, logi stics , mechani cal pr oce ssing, and ot her industri es. Es pe cially at hig h or very l ow temperat ures, full of poi sonous gase s, hig h radiati on case, r obot in similar circumstances showed great use a lso bring s great conveni ence to the staff. Precisely becaus e of this robot to get pe opl e's attenti on began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, w orking conditi ons , labor inte nsive as pe cts of pr omoting devel opment . B oth at home a nd a broa d to develop the PLC ( programmable l ogic contr oller) is in various s pecial circumstances a nd under s peci al conditions s et for mechani cal devi ces . Now tur ned on t he devel opme nt of the mi croele ctronics automati c control technology a nd t he rapi d devel opme nt of the trains , the s ucces s of PLC har dware s oftware and simulati on control win big and succe ssful development, now conti nues to develop as a factory a utomation standards. Beca use robot s are good devel opme nt of the te chnol ogy makes a goo d optimization of productive ca pital, and robot s hows t his uni que a dvantages, such as : ha s good compatibil ity, wi de availabil ity, har dware is complete, and pr ogramming that ca n be mastere d in a s hort time, s o in t he context of industrial PLC a ppl ications became ubi quit ous . Mani pulat or in many developed country agriculture a nd i ndustry has bee n applied, such a s the use of mechani cal harvesting large area s of farmland, re peated operations on t he hig h-spee d line that uses a roboti c arm, and so on. Today, t he hig h level of aut omation combine d with restri ctions on the ma nipulator dev elopment level is slightly lower tha n the inter national. T he de sign is mai nly arm weldi ng machine by PLC Aut omation contr ol. This of design l et desig ners on in school by lear n of has a m ust of cons olidati on, understand ha s some usually di dn't opportuniti es aware ness i n worl d range wit hin s ome lea ding level of knowl edge has ha s must aware nes s, hope desig ners ca n in yi hou of des ign in t he ca n success of using i n this desig n in the pr oce eds of experience 1 .2 mani pulator i n both at home and abroa d of rese arch profile aut omation me cha nica l arm research bega n Yu 20t h ce ntury medi um-term, after years with wit h computer a nd a utomation technol ogy of devel opme nt, Makes me cha nical arm on the Grand stage of industrial aut omation a nd s hine, gradually be came an i ndustrial evaluati on sta ndar ds, a nd its importance ca n be seen. Now origi nal robotic arm s pent most of mass pr oducti on a nd use on the producti on li ne, w hich is pr ogrammed robotic arm. As t he first generation of mani pulator position control s ystems main features, althoug h not ba ck several generations that ca n dete ct the ex ternal e nvironment, but ca n still succes sfully complete like wel ding, painti ng, del ivery as well a s for materials simple moveme nts. Se cond ge neration me cha nica l arms are equipped wit h se ns ors and manipulators have the e nvironment there i s a certai n amount of "sens e", whe n the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis . Difference is that t he robot bega nd
48．下列属于健康生活习惯的是（
A ．节食保持苗条 C ．碳酸饮料当水喝
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）
B ．彻夜网游聊天 D ．生活张弛有度
49．某研究小组要进行“初中生生活方式的调查”，采取的措施不当的是（）
A ．调查前应拟好调查提纲 B ．只调查与自己熟悉的同学 C ．利用问卷的形式获取数据 D ．用数学方法进行统计和分析
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50．下面关于艾滋病认识错误的是（
A ．艾滋病是一种免疫缺陷病 B ．艾滋病的病原体是 HIV C ． HIV 可通过血液制品传播 D ．该病成年人居多，与青少年无关
）
m anipulat or control m ode a nd programmable controller s introduction 2.1 Sel ect discus sion with ma nipulator control 2.1. 1 cla ssificati on of control relays a nd dis crete ele ctroni c cir cuit can control ol d industrial equipme nt, but als o more common. Mai nly the se two rel atively cheap a nd y ou can m eet the ol d-fas hioned, simpl e (or simpl e) industrial e qui pment. S o he can see them now, however t hes e two contr ol modes (relay and di screte el ectronic circuits) are the se fatal flaws: (1) cannot a dapt t o the complex logic control, (2) only for the curre nt project, t he la ck of compat ibility a nd (3) not reforming the sy stem with e qui pment impr ovements. S pring for t he development of China's modern i ndustrial a utomation technology the substantia l increase i n the l evel of industrial aut omation, com pleted t he perfect relay of the com puter too much. In terms of controlli ng the computer s howed his tw o great adva ntages: (1) ea ch of the har dware can be installed on one or more mi cropr oce ss ors; (2) the 。象形关机和身示展绩业务服风品人用错差零现实好果效新法方精量质高求准标到做力努为行己自范规格严我中作工理管政市的体具在流一进先争要事凡，上态心 official desig ner of the software writi ng content contr ol is all a bout. Now in several ways in t he context of industrial a utomation ca n often be se en i n three ways : (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logi cal Controller (PLC for s hort). 2.1 .2 PLC a nd the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the t hree technologi es of origi ns a nd development requirement s for fast data proces sing makes it inve nted t he compute r. The men br oug ht in terms of har dware there, us ing a hig h level of standar dization, ca n use m ore compatibility tools, i s a rich software re sour ces, especially t he ne ed for immedia cy in operational systems . So the com puter can effectively control i s us ed to control and meet its s pee d, on the virtual m odel , real-time a nd i n com putational re quirement s. Distri bute d system started wit h a contr ol system for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol, whereas now it is succe ssfully developed i nto industrial control computer us ed as a central colle ction and distri bution system and transiti on of distributed contr ol system in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loop control, ha s beg un to refle ct the use of a huge adva ntage. Thoug h distri bute d system has great a dvantages i n loop regulati on, but only as a mea ns of conti nuous process control. Optimization of PLC is t he corresp onding relay needs was bor n, its main use in t he work order contr ol, early primary is re placed relay thi s hulking system, foc use d on the s witch controlling t he runni ng order of functi ons. Marked by the micr opr oce ssor i n the early 1 9 70 of the 20t h ce ntury emerged, mi cro-electr oni cs technology has developed ra pidl y, pe ople soon micr oele ctroni cs pr oce ssi ng technol ogy will be use d in t he Programmabl e Logical Contr oller (that is