论文 分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

中南大学

高等教育自学考试本科生毕业论文

论文题目: Views on love and marriage in “Pride and Prejudice”

分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观

学生姓名：罗

考籍号：910108300488

年级专业：2007级英语

指导老师及职称：汤春华

学院：中南大学科培中心

湖南·长沙

提交日期：2010年4月

Contents

Abstract (1)

Keywords (1)

Introduction (3)

1、Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice (3)

1.1 Jane Austen (3)

1.2 The Background of Pride and Prejudice (4)

2、Four Marriages and Ideals on Love and Marriage Shown in Pride and Prejudice (5)

2.1 Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice (5)

2.1.1 Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage (5)

2.1.2 Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage (7)

2.1.3 Jane and Mr. Bingley’s Marriage (7)

2.1.4 Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage (8)

3. Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage (12)

4、Conclusion (14)

References (16)

Acknowledgements (19)

Abstract

"Pride and Prejudice" is Austen's masterpiece which described four different marriages and love .Until today, this novel is still very popular among many readers and arouses people's observation and unlimited thinking of marriage .This paper aims to probe into the views on love and marriage in ―Pride and Pr e judice‖. That is: love and marriage are associated with, but not totally lie on the property and social status. The marriage which is based on the love, mutual understanding and mutual respect is a true happy marriage. Austen not only opposes marriage for money, but also is against the hasty marriage. She attaches great importance to ideal marriage and regards the feelings between men and women as the cornerstone of the ideal marriage.

Keywords

―Pride and Prejudice‖; viewpoint of love; viewpoint of marriage;

摘要

《傲慢与偏见》是奥斯汀的代表作，小说以讽刺为基调描写了四种不同形态的婚姻观和爱情观，时至今日，这部小说仍然吸引着众多读者，引发了人们对婚姻的观察和无限思考。本文就是通过对这四段婚姻的详细的分析，来探讨《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情观和婚姻观。笔者认为：爱情婚姻与财产和社会地位相互关联，但绝不能仅取于它，以爱情、相互理解及相互尊重为基础的婚姻才是幸福的婚姻。奥斯汀既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对草率结婚。她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。

关键词

《傲慢与偏见》；爱情观；婚姻观;

Introduction

Jane Austen humorously described the marriage in the "Pride and Prejudice" and a series of marriage-related activities in a relaxed manner. The novel consisted of how man picking their wives, how the young women choosing their future husbands and how their mothers selecting their son-in-low in many wonderful scenes. By studying the marital relationship, the authors strive to portray several different marriage and love relations. Although they had got married, the happiness of marriage is differs. This was because Austen's novels the marriage was involving not only the feelings, but also social status and money. "The bachelor who own property must marry a wife, it has become a universally recognized truth." [6], But that really is a truth? In this paper, the novel's four marriages vividly reflected the British town life and the world state of human of 18 century to the early 19th century in a conservative and isolated state.

1. Jane Austen and the Background of Pride and Prejudice

1.1. Jane Austen

Jane Austen (1775 – 1817，) was one of the most outstanding writer who described the middle-class in the south of England with realism. From a unique female perspective, she left six immortal works .Her works were full of rich comedy conflicts in humorous and satirical style, so they were regarded as "the art of simplicity". In Jane Austen's works, the content was not very wide and all were related to the life of a few middle-class families. The theme was about love and marriage between men and women. In the "Simple" works of Jane Austen, they showed us, truly and accurately, the social life and interrelationship and described the social state, marriage as well as political and economic relations between middle-class women at that time.

And she expressed her views on marriage, directly or indirectly, by analyzing these phenomena. She believed that marriage just for money was wrong, but marriage of no money was stupid. She also frankly disclosed the inseparable relationship between marriages, property and family status. In her novel, as long as a woman who was intelligent, decent,

educated, and patient could overcome social barriers, she would receive the ideal happy marriage.

Austen was born in a middle-class family of a small village in England, so the people and things in her works were all connected with this environment which was very familiar to her. It is difficult for readers to find the sufferings of those working people who lived at the bottom of the society at that time. At the same time, the important events, such as the French Revolution and Industrial Revolution, were little. Her narrative was always inseparable from the party, walk, talk, dance ... ...Although this written style received some people's criticism, she still stick to it. She once said that she was ―sculpt on two inches of ivory‖. Austen was never married, but the marriage is the eternal theme of her writings. In her works, the marriage status of middle-class people was alive.

1.2. The Background of Pride and Prejudice

In this great book, the author amply demonstrated her view on love and marriage. In order to analyze these points of view, we should firstly start from the background of her great works. ―At that time, according to the social conditions in Britain, a good marriage for a young woman was critical. This phenomenon was closely associated with the British society and the status of women in the society. In the 19th century, women were not well respected compared with the ones in the present society. There was no equality between woman and man. Women were considered to be inferior to men in terms of intelligence and capacity. The central life of women was forced to be staying at home. Their roles were to deal with the family affairs, such as taking care of the children and serving for the husband.‖(Zhu H ong, P34, 1995)

People at that time thought that women should be submissive to their husbands. The virtues of women were patience and deference. They must recognize their inherent inferiority to men, so they must restrict their abilities without question. Although the status of women was low, few of them expressed dissatisfaction about their own destiny. At that time, many middle-class young women had three ways out: getting married, staying at home as old maids or working as the family female teachers. The income of a family female teacher was very low, and the status was low as well. It was very difficult for them to change or swap out of this status, no one would like to be a maid forever, therefore, for young

women, especially those who did not have enough properties, getting married was the only good way for them to gain respect, stability and social status.

Austen fully criticized some bad phenomena at that time in her work Pride and Prejudice and took some perfect points about marriage and loved to demonstrate her own view on love and marriage.

2. The Four Marriages and the Ideas on Love and Marriage shown in Pride and Prejudice

The story showed the ordinary life, feelings of the ordinary people. They were organized in a harmonious order under the author's skillful arrangement. The work mainly described four marriages. Two of them were main and assisted by the other two assistant marriages. ―Darcy and Elizabeth’s love and marriage was the main theme of this work. After undergoing many setbacks, D arcy’s arrogance and Elizabeth’s prejudice eventually eliminates, the lovers finally got married. The marriage of Elizabeth’s sister Jane and Darcy’s friend Bingley was another clue. They deeply loved each other, but they were multi—blocked, after their departure, Jane missed Bingley very much. The two marriages reflected the other point of view in positive way that marriage should be based on true love, which was the ideal marry in the author’s opinion. The stories seem to be the ordinary lives, feelings and persons linked up in a harmonious order under the others meticulous concepts. However, the marriage between Charlotte and Collins was a negative example with the marriage between Lydia and Wickham, which helped to make the plots more tortuous and richer.‖(Zhu Hong, P12, 1985)

2.1. Four Marriages in Pride and Prejudice

2.1.1. Collins and Charlotte’s Marriage

The article mentioned little of Charlotte, however, her image was very full .Charlotte was woman who is well-educated, intelligent and admired much by Elizabeth. But she was in financial difficulties. If she did not get married, she could only live in her brother's home to be a spinster. When Kosslyn had been rejected by Elizabeth and turned to propose to

Charlotte ? Lucas, She agreed without the le ast hesitation and still stick to marry him though she knew that Collins was a man who was neither wise nor pleasant, and very boring and that Mr. Collins did not love her and his so-called love for her was imaginary because for her " the marriage may not make the women to be too happy, but it is always the best safe for the women, and it can ensure them not to be affected by cold and hunger." In "Pride and Prejudice" Austen described mostly happy marriage, which often aroused the reader's controversy, because they thought that it is too unrealistic to be true. Collins and Charlotte’s marriage made a brutal footnote for Elizabeth’s romantic and happy love .Indeed we can learn that Austen was on a critical opinion of the society at that time from the fate of Charlotte: In the male-dominated society, unmarried women had no future. Elizabeth was an idealist, she would not marry a fool for money (Kosslyn) and also not to marry a man she did not love (such as the Darcy at the beginning of the story); however Charlotte who was six years older than Elizabeth and had little property was a pragmatist. In order to avoid becoming a spinster, who would suffer gossip in the society, she must make full use of any possible opportunity to get married. As Austen said, the reason that Charlotte was willing to marry him was completely for the purpose of property. She also confessed to Elizabeth: "You know I am not a romantic. Moreover I had never been this kind of person. I only ask for a comfortable home. As with Mr. Collins's character, family relations and social status, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state "(... ... I am not romantic you know. I never was. I ask only a comfortable home; and considering Mr. Collins’s character, connections, and situation in life, I am convinced that my chance of happiness is as fair as most people can boast on entering them marriage state.) And even after their marriage, Charlotte always felt that "If forget Mr. Collins, the inside and outside of the house is indeed a very comfortable place ". This was their marriage, which was held together through a pure relation of money and wealth. To some extend, this kind of marriages is actually a social tragedy that is concealed under the gorgeous cover. Through describing such a marriage, Jane? Austen wanted to tell the readers a common point in British society at that time that the most critical factor in marriage is not love, but money. Actually, it was more than in the United Kingdom at that time, even in today's society, this view is very popular, and can be accepted by most people. That was an era in which love was exiled. We could not blame Charlotte and the vast majority of

"Charlottes" too much because it was not entirely their false perhaps in real life love can not defeat the bread forever.

2.1.2. Lydia and Wickham’s Marriage

The second marriage is between Bennett’s third daughter Lydi a and Wickham, the son of the housekeeper. Originally he was well-treated by his family and friends. However, he came down in the world because of his misbehavior. He got into debt, so he wanted to get money, became rich and changed his social status through marriage which was also a way to approach the talents. He was a man without any responsibility. He does nothing except assailing a woman with obscenities. In his opinion, love was only recreation. For his purpose, he enticed Lydia and got her love easily, for she was young, innocent and vainglorious, and loved to go ease and hated to work hard, and was spoilt by her mother. Getting love and praise of a boy was her dream. So when Wickham wanted to attain to his aim－getting wealth by love and exalting her beauty hypocritically, she forgot who she was and felt she was the most beautiful and happiest girl in the world. Their love did not get the permission from the parents, so then they eloped. When Elizabeth heard the news, she believed that their love was a false. Wickham would not marry Lydia, because she is not charming and had nothing to attract him, who did not love her but loved the wealth of her family. The marriage was admitted with the help of Darcy. Their marriage was considered to be a scandal in B ennett’s family. But Mrs. Bennet was not disgraceful to this marriage. When Collins got the news, he was very angry and reacted to the marriage to revenge his early failure of proposal to her. This marriage was one without love. They didn’t have the real m eaning of marriage. They only wanted to satisfy their aspiration. So we can say this is a kind of impromptu love and marriage without true love and responsibility. Such couples only seek the experience of marriage but not everlasting and unchanging one. Of course, such kind of marriage is doomed to be a tragedy.

2.1.

3. Jane and Mr. Bingley’s Marriage

In the novel, Bingley and Jane never stopped pursuing their true love although there were so many obstacles between them. Fortunately, with the help of Darcy and Elizabeth, they finally got married and had a happy life. Bingley and Jane had many similarities in their

characters, which was the main reason to the success of their marriage. They possessed personal attractiveness and dignity, social graces, and a measure of good sense. They all had good breeding, but lacked insight, strength, and self-confidence. They didn’t show their insides easily to the public because they cared the social criticism too much. For Jane, she always concealed her true feelings, which gave others an illusion that she didn’t love Bingley. For Bingley, he yielded easily to criticism of Jane’s social position and easily accepted the suggestions of his sisters and Darcy, which almost consumed the felicity between Jane and him. Frankly speaking, the outside forces facilitated their marriage.

According to the relationship between Bingley and Jane, love and respect were the basic factors of their successful and happy marriage. With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily. Most important of all, the couple with common interest can live together in a happy life. Because they understand, help and support between them. They didn’t care the defects of their partners and even they d idn’t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying goes, ―Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fa ll into the same group.‖

2.1.4. Darcy and Elizabeth’s Marriage

Elizabeth was the actress in the "Pride and Prejudice". Her love and marriage was the main thread running through the entire novel. At the beginning of the "recognized the truth" mentioned in the novel, all the girls in the middle-class families wanted to marry a good man. But Elizabeth had a different interpretation for a "good husband". She believed that a husband not only need have certain number of family property but also must respect women, and at the same time there must be mutual understanding between them. Mr. Collins was the first suitor to Elizabeth. Elizabeth was surprised at first, but soon turned down Collins's proposal of marriage because she did not love Collins and could not fall in love with him. Eli zabeth was impressed by Wickham’s elegant behavior and demeanor, but she still did not want to choose him to be her husband. She told her aunt that she could handle the relationship between her and Wickham and she would not fall in love with Wickham.

Collins was secular cavity too, but smart without a common language with Elizabeth. Wickham is not rich man and lack of morality. Despite later Elizabeth discovered the true

face of Wickham. It did not affect the principle of Elizabeth optional husband. Wickham's exposure to poverty let him outside the scope of Elizabeth's choice of husband. But later why did Elizabeth reject Darcy who is a handsome wealthy man? Elizabeth clearly stated her answer: "Why, with so evident a design of offending and insulting me, you choose to tell me that you liked me against your will, against your reason, and even against your character? Was not this some excuse for incivility, if I was uncivil? "(Austen, 2004:139).Of course, she had prejudice for Darcy and Wickham fabricated lies about Darcy, which had a certain impact on Elizabeth’ refusal to Darcy's marriage proposal, but the most important reason was that Elizabeth hated Darcy for their arrogant attitude.

Elizabeth rejected the arrogant Darcy, but Darcy accepted the humble. Their marriage was based on Darcy's property and their love. The composition of property and the love marriage was the two indispensable important factors. When her sister Jane asked Elizabeth t how long she had fallen in love with Darcy, she replied: "It has been coming on so gradually that I hardly know when it began, but I believe I must date it from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberly . "(Austen, 2004:275) On the one hand, it revealed Elizabeth’s mockery. On the other hand, it also reflected her inner thoughts. It was this statement which reflected her attitude for money, marriage and life: The marriage based on no money was undesirable. So she visited Darcy’s luxurious Pember Lee Garden. After visiting the Manor, she felt that to be the Pember Lee Gardens hostess was quite good. From a psychological sense, it was a direct reflection of her inner thoughts.

She was Bonnet’s second daughter, an active, intelligent and smart girl. She had a middle-class family background and had not been affected by the formal education belonging to those aristocratic young girls, so she was not good at music and painting, but she had read many books which made her knowledgeable and perceptive. The most important aspect was that she was a lady with dignity and upbringing. Darcy was a tall man with good manner. He was handsome, rich and powerful. So he was the ideal husband of most girls. He had grown up in the surroundings with strong sense of power, so he was always selfish and arrogant and had a critical look at each individual, except the family members. He was not concerned about anyone else, and looked down upon anyone else. Therefore, when he first arrived in the village, he found all the persons were beyond his imagination. Although every girl was young and lovely, he has no interest in young girls

except Elizabeth. But actually, at first he didn’t put an eye on Elizabeth. Gradually, he had to admit that Elizabeth was beautiful, distinct and popular, although he insisted that Elizabeth hadn't the same social status as him. Darcy was rational because he has a strong sense of power, which agreed on the reality at that time. Although he expressed his love to Elizabeth, he couldn't help showing his arrogance, which made Elizabeth have misconception and prejudice on Darcy. Darcy loved Elizabeth, but looked down upon her social status. He considered that he had been lowing himself and doing something against his will, personalities and even moral standard. He thinks that his marriage would certainly succeed and Elizabeth was waiting for him to propose marriage.

Therefore, even he was irresistible to the flooding feelings, and condescends to Elizabeth. He still remembered the gap between them. Clearly, the rational aspect of Darcy’s personality performed on the realities of society. When he talked about his feelings of love, he also expressed the arrogance of these fully feelings, which resulted in the arousing resentment of Elizabeth; she rejected his marriage proposal, and angrily accused his insolence. The rational aspect of the heroine Elizabeth showed her clear, calm and actually stressful personality. Compared with her stupid mother, the smooth and lazy father, the shallow-minded, self-willed sister with feather head, Elizabeth was one with ideal mind. She was elegant like her sister Jane, but more intellectually. She also advised her sister to see through the stupidity and nonsense of those camouflage honest persons.

Unconsciously, they were fascinated by each other for the physical attraction, and this led to the experience of passion in a loving relationship. In regard to Darcy, he initially did not think Elizabeth was beautiful enough, and scorned her low relatives and vulgar family members despite his later passion for Elizabeth. Darcy loved Elizabeth’s charming appearance and intelligence. His admiration for Elizabeth was obvious in the following details. When Elizabeth went to look after her sister Jane on foot, Miss Bingley made fun of her and her family at the back. Even Miss Bingley said to Darcy, ―I am afraid…. that this adventure has rather lessened your admiration for her fine eyes‖. But Darcy replied: ―Not at all, they are brightened by the exerc ise‖.At Pemberley when Miss Bingley noticed that Darcy admired Elizabeth, she intended to confuse Elizabeth and made her show some feeling that might harm her in Darcy’s opinion. But it meant nothing to Darcy. She continued to criticize Elizabeth’s appear ance, behavior and dress. Darcy could no longer control himself

and said: ―For many months I have considered her as one of the best looking women I have consider her as one of the best lo oking women in my acquaintance‖.

The intimacy component was formed after the prejudice was relieved. For Elizabeth, there are three elements causing her prejudice against Darcy—Darcy’s humiliation of her at the Meryton assembly by his aloof manner and superiority; and her suspicion of his responsibility for Mr. Bingley’s sudden migration to London which would ruin her sister’s chance of happiness. So when he made his proposal to Elizabeth, he heard her say: ―I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be induced to marr y‖. Shocked and humiliated by Elizabeth’s refusal, the arrogant Darcy finally learned his lessons from Elizabeth. Upright as he actually was, Darcy wrote letter to Elizabeth, reveals the true character of Wickham and his true perception of Jane’s manner to Bingley. It was at this moment that Elizabeth contemplated the whole thing and she turned ―absolutely ashamed of herself‖, and the prejudice was relieved. Elizabeth at this point moved from strong hospitality to benevolent neutrality, but ―she could not a pprove him; or refusal, or feel the slightest inclination ever to see him again‖.

The commitment component was formed after Elizabeth accept Darcy’s proposal. Only on the condition that Elizabeth saw the altered new Darcy, could she accept him as her man, who she respected and who respected her and her family. When Darcy meets Elizabeth at Pemberly unexpectedly, he entered into conversation with Mr.Gardiner. Elizabeth’s uncle, and asked permission for his sister to call upon Elizabeth. When Elizabeth told him that Lydia has run away with Wickham, he didn’t despise her but brought about the marriage by giving Wickham money. He started to stand on the level of equality to propose Elizabeth and he succeeded. After dispelling all misunderstandings, all three components of love——intimacy, passion, and commitment are formed.

3. Austen’s Concept about Love and Marriage

Jane Austen is a writer who regards novel writing as a sophisticated art. With a cool hand, she always has her imagination and passion under control. With great details drawn from everyday life and activities, the pictures of her characters are vividly portrayed and everyone comes alive. With simple language and conversing dialogues, her novels are surprisingly realistic. When she converted the disorderly reality into an orderly artistic unity, she pays much attention to the formal qualities of composition, to the design, and to the subordination of the parts to the whole. Her plots appear natural, unforced. They were developed easily and unhurriedly under the author’s perfect control. All the characters have their place in the plot and contribute to the main story. At her best, she keeps balance between facts and form as no other English novelist has ever done. Jane Austen is one of the few novelists who have managed fully to satisfy the requirements in the art of novel writing.

Compared with other writers, Jane Austen defined hers stories within a narrow sphere. The subject matters, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restrict to the late 18th century England. Everything in her novels reminds us of a quiet, uneventful and contented life of the English country.

Jane Austen believed that a man’s relation to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his belief and career, and reveals him fundamentally, so she characterizes readers a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life, such as their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors, etc. As a result, her novels have a universal significance.

Jane Austen’s main concern is about human beings in their personal relationship. As a result her novels have a universal significance. From her point of view, life is made up of small things and huma n nature reveals itself in them as fully as in big ones and a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career, which reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully. So when Jane Austen writes she would describe human being in the most trivial incidents of everyday life rather than at moments of crisis. She wrote within a narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social settings and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England. Her attention would go to three or four landed gentle

families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, barbecues and gossips. As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her words a serious criticism of life and to expose the weakness and illusions of mankind. In her style she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and graceful in novel writing.

The interest of Jane Austen is to study human being in their relations with other people in daily life, so her novels concern about the relationship between men and women in love. Stories of love and marriage provide the framework for all her novels and in which women are always taken as the major characters. In their pursuit of a happy marriage, they could be grouped into three categories: those who marry for money, position and property, those who marry just for passion and those who marry for love which is based on consideration of both the person’s personal merit and his economical and social status.

So in her novels the point that money is not the only thing in the consideration of marriage but it plays a very important role found best reflection there. Austen’s this view towards marriage is still very popular nowadays.

There are a lot of novels talking about marriage in Britain, but scarcely an author could be like Austen, exposing the money-essence of capitalism marriage system so deeply. In brief, it is money that determines everybody’s life and fate, especially marriage. As for it was pragmatic meaning, it could be forceful and penetrating. No wonder that David Dax，a western Marxism critic said, in the aspect of exposing ―the economics of human beings’ behavior‖, Jane Austen, ―to some extent, had been a Marxist before Marx’s being born.

4. Conclusion

As in any good love story, the lovers must elude and overcome numerous stumbling blocks, beginning with the tensions caused by the lovers’ own personal qualities. Elizabeth’s pride makes her misjudge Darcy on the basis of a poor first impression, while Darcy’s prejudice against Elizabeth’s poor s ocial standing blinds him, for a time, to her many virtues. Of course, one could also say that Elizabeth is guilty of prejudice and Darcy of pride: the title cuts both ways. Austen, meanwhile, poses countless smaller obstacles to the realization of the lov e between Elizabeth and Darcy, including Lady Catherine’s attempt to control her nephew, Miss Bingley’s snobbery, Mrs. Bennet’s idiocy, and Wickham’s deceit. In each case, anxieties about social connections, or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth’s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Austen views love as something independent of these social forces, as something that can be captured if only an individual is able to escape the warping effects of hierarchical society.

Austen does sound some more realist (or, one could say, cynical) notes about love, using the character of Charlotte Lucas, who marries the buffoon Mr. Collins for his money, to demonstrate that the heart does not always dictate marriage. Yet with her central characters, Austen suggests that true love is a force separate from society and one that can conquer even the most difficult of circumstances.

The title tells the major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice. Pride is the character flaw that causes Elizabeth to dislike Darcy upon their first meeting. Yet Elizabeth herself also suffers from the same flaw; her pride in her own ability to analyze character is such that she refuses to reevaluate Darcy in the face of evidence in his favor. The concept of pride can be defined into two ways: positive and negative. Possessing positive or right pride is to have self-respect, honor, and integrity. On the other hand, wrong or negative pride is defined as showing arrogant or disdainful conduct and haughtiness. Mr. Darcy displays the positive side of pride while Mr. Bennet possesses wrong or negative pride, and a lack of pride itself in some cases. Darcy is responsible for his sister, himself, his estate, and his family name. He takes pride in these things and does anything he can to protect them. But Mr. Bennet who is a father of five daughters, a husband, and the holder of reputable conduct in the family, does

not take pride in his family or takes his responsibility; Mr. Bennet ridicules the members of his family instead of controlling their unruly actions.

Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s reputation is of the utmost importance. A woman is expected to behave in certain ways. Stepping outside the social norms makes her vulnerable to ostracism. This theme appears in the novel, when Elizabeth walks to Netherfield and arrives with muddy skirts, to the shock of the reputation-conscious Miss Bingley and her friends.

At other points, the ill-mannered, ridiculous behavior of Mrs. Bennet gives her a bad reputation with the more refined (and snobbish) Darcy and Bingley. Austen pokes gentle fun at the snobs in these examples, but later in the novel, when Lydia elopes with Wickham and lives with him out of wedlock, the author treats reputation as a very serious matter. By becoming Wickham’s lover without benefit of marriage, Lydia clearly places herself outside the social pale, and her disgrace threatens the entire Bennet family.

Love is wonderful. The distance between two hearts is not necessarily because physical proximity or separation may change. But youth and love are the most likely to disappear under the sun of things. A woman can be deeply loved by a man in her all life. Is that a kind of happy? Or, a woman in her life missed a man who deeply loved her. What kind of regrets? Pride and Prejudice are the two points in our common human weaknesses. The human nature is too easily distorted, alienated. If not carefully or falling into blindness, you will loss of justice and reason. Meanwhile it was manipulated by emotions and it will go wrong. Elizabeth and Darcy is only one representative. The origin, property, status, education, once stained with upper edge, it is easy arrogance of the illnesses contracted on the poor, low, vulgar person disdained eyes; while the low status, property, few people, for humanity a kind of self-esteem, places biased against the pride of the superior person, which naturally is another distortion of arrogance. In "Pride and Prejudice", although it is a battle of wits and means shining love sitcoms, actually tells us a truth, that is a solid love is the cornerstone of marriage. In order to property, money and status of marriage is wrong; while marriage does not take into account the factors mentioned above is also foolish.

Love and similar interests are the basic factors of a successful and happy marriage. With many similarities in character, people can understand each other easily. Most important of all, the couple with similar interests can live together with a happy life, because there are

understandings, helps and supporting between them. They don’t care the defects of their partners and even they don’t see any faults in each other. Just as the old saying going, ―Bird s of a feather flock together, people of a mind fill into the same group.‖

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Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, Miss.Tang who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of the thesis，she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.

I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the professors in The Central South of University, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.

I should finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting without a word of complaint.

《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象分析

毕业论文 题目：《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象分析Title:An Analysis of the Imagery of Woman Characters in Pride and Prejudice 2009年 5 月 20 日

Acknowledgements I acknowledge with gratitude the various critical guidance and substantial assistance, which are indispensable to the completion of my thesis. First of all, I should express my gratitude to my family who supported me heart and soul，I would also like to extend my heartfelt thanks to the numerous other teachers in my four study years, who teach me much essential knowledge . Then I want to thank my friends in my academy, whose help and inspiration have benefited me much. Finally, I am greatly indebted to my supervisor Han Yaqiong, who, with invariable kindness and patience, has carefully scrutinized and corrected my draft, which makes this thesis less imperfect. But for their great help in collecting the reference materials, giving me valuable advice and encouragement at different stages of its conception, I can not finish my thesis.

傲慢与偏见婚姻观的开题报告

本科毕业论文（设计）开题报告书 题目浅析小说《傲慢与偏见》折射出 的婚姻决定因素及其现实影响

4.Conclusion

4.主要参考文献 [1]A usten. Pride and Prejudice[M]. Shanghai Sanlian Book store, 2010. [2]H e Xiaohua. On Marriage Standards in Pride and Prejudice[J]. Overseas English, 2010. [3]J iang Peiming. Between Romance and Realism: patterns of fulfillment in Ann Radcliffes? ,A Sicilian Romance? and Jane Austen?s ,Pride and Prejudice?[D]. The HKU Scholars Hub 1999. [4]L ina Widlund. A Comparative Analysis of the Marriage Ploy in JaneAusten?s Pride and Prejudice and Helen Fielding?s Bridget Jones?s Diary[D].- Cessay, 2004 [5]L i Xueqin, Zhang Yangyue. Views on Marriage and Happiness in Pride and Prejudice [J Overseas English, 2012. [6]L i Yuanyuan. Money and Marriage—attitudes towards love in pride and Prejudice[J]. Qin Congsuiyue, 2013. [7]M a Kun. Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice[J]. Overseas English, 2013. [8]M ei Zhixin. On Jane Austen?s Views on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice[J]. Overse English, 2013. [9]W ang Lili. An Analysis of Jane Austen?s Outlook on Marriage in Pride and Prejudice[J]. Overseas English, 2013. [10]Yao Manzhen. Money and Marriage—attitudes towards love in Pride and ]. Prejudice[J Science & Technology Information, 2011. [11]Zhao Wei, Xiao Lili. Marry for What: Different Attitudes Toward Marriage in Pride and Prejudice[J]. Kewai Yuedu, 2013. [12]Zhong Weixuan. Three Key Factors of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice[J]. Overse English, 2010. [13]陈艳, 孙娜. 重读傲慢与偏见，细读女性意识对婚姻观的影响[J]. 科教导刊，2013 第10 期. [14]董娜. 奥斯汀的爱情婚姻观—傲慢与偏见与爱玛中的爱情解析[J]. 山西广播电视大学学报，2013年第4期.

恋爱观与婚恋观的关系

恋爱观与婚恋观的关系 在当前国内的学术界,很多学者把恋爱观和婚恋观“混为一谈”,或认为恋爱观就是婚恋观,或认为恋爱观包含于婚恋观之中,实际上仔细分析就可明白恋爱观与婚恋观有着各自不同的理论界限,而且大学生群体的恋爱观研究要比婚恋观研究更具有现实意义。 (1)从理论上看,首先必须明确的是恋爱观和婚恋观并非同一概念。恋爱观是人们对恋爱问题的系统认识;婚恋观则包含了两个方面——婚姻和恋爱,同时这里的“婚姻”和“恋爱”有着密切的联系,“恋爱”是以婚姻为目的的恋爱,“婚姻”是恋爱的最终追求,即恋爱是婚姻的前奏,婚姻是恋爱的延续和保障。因此,恋爱观中的“恋爱”并不完全等同于婚恋观中的“恋爱”,二者虽然都源于对异性的爱慕情感,但是恋爱观的落脚点在于恋爱关系的中两性问题,婚恋观的落脚点在对婚姻的态度和观点。恋爱观与婚恋观的不同,还因为恋爱观与婚恋观之间存在着天然的区别,一个以爱情的发生为前提,一个以责任的承担为前提。当然这样的区分并不意味着恋爱不需要责任或者婚姻不需要爱情,而是在恋爱或者婚姻发生时,到底是以哪一个为承诺的对象。恋爱的发生意味着男女双方互相给予了对爱情的承诺,这种承诺更多的源自于人的本能的自然属性,爱情的承诺在恋爱时明显大于对责任的承诺。婚姻的发生意味着男女双方给予了对方共同生活的承诺,这种承诺源自于人未来发展的社会属性的需要,这时,责任的承诺大于爱情的承诺。 恋爱观与婚恋观二者相辅相成,具有一定的继承性。恋爱观与婚恋观不是截然不同的两个事物,都是对成年男女在两性关系问题上的一种探讨.只是各自侧重的层面不同。恋爱观侧重于对恋爱过程中的心理、行为、态度等方面的研究,婚恋观侧重于对婚姻过程中的心理、行为等方面的研究。但是,恋爱观和婚恋观终究都是对两性关系的研究,在研究成果上不可避免的呈现出继承性的特点。无论是对个体恋爱观的研究,还是对群体恋爱观的探讨,他们所呈现出的特点与婚恋观之间必然存在一定的相似性或是继承性。因为观念的形成不是一蹴而就的,在正常情况下也不会突然改变,只会随着实践的发展不断扬弃。所以,个体或群体对恋爱观或婚恋观的态度,也不会发生严重的分歧,毕竟二者都是对同一事物的不同侧面的反映。 (2)从研究现实来看,在大学生价值观的研究中,以恋爱观研究取代婚恋观研究更加遇有现实意义。当前,我国大学在校生的年龄集中于18岁?22岁,而大学生真正步入婚姻殿堂的时间是在26?30岁之间,且不少的男大学生的结婚年龄推迟到30岁以后。对于大多数大学生而言,大学时代的爱情往往是最没有现实负担的情感投入,不用过多的考虑“票子、房子、老子”等外在因素或物质条件,更加注重爱情所带给自己的精神愉悦和心理满足,把这一时期的爱情看作是完全的情爱的释放,而不是婚姻的前奏,将爱情与婚姻割裂开来,虽然满足当前大学生生理、心理需要,是符合大学生所处阶段的现实选择,但是也极为容易滋生不良的恋爱风气,影响大学生的成才成功。因此,大学生的恋爱观教育就是要从现实出发,有的放矢的研究大学生恋爱观现状(而不是婚恋观),利用马克思主义基本原理和方法,在大学生中倡导积极、正面、健康的无产阶级恋爱观,使学生自觉地把对美好情感的追求和个人道德素质的提高,以及家庭、社会所赋予的责任紧密结合起来,把恋爱与研究相对于婚恋观研究而言,更加有利于衡量爱情本身对大学生价值观的影响,大学生的恋爱观研究也就更具有现实意义。

大学生恋爱观论文_ 思修

大学生恋爱观 随着时代的发展，大学生谈恋爱越来越普遍。在大学校园里随处可见手牵手的情侣，谈恋爱是否会影响到他们的学习以及今后的发展，这将成为社会关注的焦点。大学生在思想上已趋于独立，对待爱情，他们更是有自己独到的见解，如果他们能理智地对待爱情，能较好的处理爱情与其它各个方面的关系，这样，家长，老师们便可以放心地让他们在大学这片蓝天上自由飞翔。 对过去的大学生来说,大学校园里有一股无形的压力,大家都为未来而拼搏着,谈恋爱似乎显得如此的微不足道,为未来的发展与就业尽可能打下坚实的基础是大学校园里主要的奋斗目标。 对今天的大学生来说,社会为他们创造了一个宽松、自由、平和的环境。大学校园成为培植爱情之花最肥沃的土地。大学生恋爱一直是大学校园的热门话题，谈论的人越来越多了，也常常成为宿舍里“卧谈会”上久议不衰的主题。 正像春天到了，树木发芽，花儿开放一样，大学生们正值人生的春天，校园里的恋爱，也和大自然的春天一样，到处萌动，绽放着人生最美丽的花朵。可是正像花开花谢一样，不是每一朵花儿谢了的时候都结出甜美的果实，常常也会有苦果或者没有结果，恋爱失败也是时常会发生，需要面对的。 对待恋爱这样的问题，是一个建立亲密关系的问题，不管时代怎么变化，仍然是一个严肃的、需要认真思考和对待的一个问题，不宜草率。所谓谈恋爱，那是需要时间，在正式建立恋爱关系之前，有一个了解自己，也了解对方的过程，也许还是慢慢地谈比较好。 “生命诚可贵，爱情价更高”，爱情所带来的快乐是其他一般情感所不能比较的，为了让大学生充分认识到爱情的真正价值和树立正确的爱情观，从而丰富大学生的情感，使大学生能更好的处理恋爱与生活的关系，在此我们组以大学生恋爱观为调查对象进行了一次调查，以了解大学生对恋爱的认识和感触情： 一恋爱总体趋于健康，但不健康的恋爱观及动机在大学生中也有不同程度的存在。 当问及”恋爱的动机是什么？”这个问题时，男生有54.3%的人认为寻找结婚对象或者为了学习的动力但女生33.3%的人是为了结婚或为了学习，而追求享乐或摆脱寂寞的男生占有45.7%，女生占女生比例的49.9%。这说明男生的恋爱比女生

傲慢与偏见的婚姻观英文版

After reading the Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen,I am impressed deeply by the touching love story.She descripeed a truthful picture of her world,especially the love and marriage between ladies and gentlemen.Therefore,it is not only a love story but also the illisution of marriage in Batain at that time. Firstly, I want to say something about Charlotte Lucas, who is twenty-seven, Although Charlotte is a well-educated girl but she doesn't have much property.She isn't as beautiful as other girls. In order to make a living at that time, she can do nothing but to marry a man who has social status or is rich enough. So she chooses Mr. Collins as her husband, though he is a vulgar pompous clergyman based on excessive formality and overuse of high-level abstractions. What enables her to make a decision is the identity of Mr. Collins and the close relation between he and Catherine, noble family. It is obvious that there is no love between them. So she is very practical. The marriage is called "world marriage ". So does Mr. Benet. He saw nothing but the beauty of his wife when he was young. He had to accept another side of his wife after marriage. I reckon that they will not live a happy life before they get a child, because they don not have true love. As we all know, love can make our life more comfortable and happy. Besides, relation between Mr. Wickham and Lydia also develops in such a way. Lydia is the youngest daughter of the family, who is a dance-loving and pure girl. Attracted by the Mr. Wickham's charming appearance and disguised words, she ran away with him secretly. So silly is she that she does not realize the reason why he is glad to stay with her is that she is very young and he desires for sex as a man.Bodily needs build a bridge between them. Without of Darcy's help, it is hard to say he prefers to marry her. The marriage is called "ridiculous marriage ". Compared the people mentioned above, I show a special preference to the couple of Darcy. We regard their marriage as "admirable marriage ".They both love each other. Despite the first impression they leave on each other, they gradually change their attitudes towards each other and fall in love with each other. Time has already brought great changes since Lizebeath and Darcy met at the first time at the boll. Especially when she heard something unpleasant from Wickham, she was angry with what Darcy did. However, As time goes on, she knows the true image of the things, she tries to understanding him and clearly feels a warm heart beneath of the arrogant appearance. Darcy also change his attitude toward Lizebeath. He holds the idea that she is not as superficial as her mother.She is very self-confident and has numerous admirable qualities.With the help of appreciation and love,they married. As to Bingley and Jane, they don not experience as much as the couple of

傲慢与偏见婚姻观

高级英语学期论文 汉语题目：《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 姓名高娜娜 学号200804410620 年级08级本科6班 专业英语 2010年12月

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目录 前言 (3) Abstract (5) 摘要 (6) 关键词 (7) 文献综述 (7) 1、《傲慢与偏见》爱情观与婚姻观研究 .. 7 1.1《傲慢与偏见》的爱情观 (7) 1.1.1奢华与享乐的爱情观 (7) 1.1.2与现实相结合的感情 (8) 1.1.3充满理智与浓厚感情的爱情 (8) 1.2《傲慢与偏见》的婚姻观 (9) 2、结论 (15) 随笔 (16) 参考文献 (19) 作者简介 (22)

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己，也是不可缺少的，用心是双向的，用心去理解爱情，才会让双方的爱情更加牢固。用心就是爱情的桥梁通往彼此心灵的深处! 爱情需要勇敢，勇敢的面对自己的爱情，让自己的爱情不要留下任何遗憾，勇敢的去为自己的爱情而打拼，勇敢的为自己多爱的人而努力奋斗。爱情同样也需要双方的倾听和理解。爱就是无条件、无偏见地倾听对方的需求，并且予以协助。爱情是两个人的事情，需要双方不断地付出更多的爱，只有相爱才能幸福，单方面的爱不值得去珍惜。只有在双方付出与回馈的不断互动中，渐渐加深;在相互宽容与体谅中得到升华。爱一个人就要学会爱上她的一切，包括她的号和她的坏，学会理解学会包容她。漂亮的容貌只是暂时的，心灵的融合才能让两个人相守一生一世。只有这样的爱情才会幸福而没有遗憾。有一种力量叫做相信，相信彼此，相信未来，相信有你的幸福，相信时间会证明我们的选择是真确的。如果爱，那就狠狠爱!不求爱的轰轰烈烈，只求两个人长相厮守，细水长流，平淡中见真情。感情对我来说只是图个安稳。我不会轻易说爱，因为我怕 受到伤害。但说出口的爱，就是一种承诺，就要用一辈子去守护自己的承诺。女人就是用来呵护、用来疼爱的，作为一个男人要担负起这样一个责任，给自己的爱人一辈子的幸福。真爱是你哭泣时对方递过来的一条毛巾;是你无助时，一个可以依靠的肩膀;是你走进人生低谷时的不离不弃真爱朴实无华，需要用心去感受。爱情给人的感受是浪漫又不失安全感，彼此把对方看作生命的一部分去对待，共同创造属于两个人的完美人生。愿天下所有有情人终成眷属。浪漫的爱情爱情=脸皮+功夫+嘴巴+投其所好。

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