短文改错专题讲义
短文改错试题特征及练习
一、试题的情景特征
1．语言材料通常取自学生自己的作品，或类似学生的作品。
2．内容来自学生身边的常见话题。
3．篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。
4．语言明白易懂。
5．基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。
二、试题的设问特征
1．设问的角度有三个：词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。
2．每行有四种可能无错、多词、少词和错词。其中错词明显多于其它三种情况。
3．错词情况中，涉及动词的情况为最多。
4．多词错误中，多余的主要是介词；少词错误中，主要涉及介词和冠词。
试题的设问特征为我们答题提供了重要的信息：
1．要注意动词的形态变化；
2．要看人称代词的一致性和连接代词的正确性：
3．要根据在句子中的功能来确定词性。名词(通常作主语、宾语)、形容词(表语、定语)和副词(状语)；
4．要看是否多或少介词和冠词。
三、命题趋势
1．试题难度保持平稳。
2．错误类型设置相对稳定。
3．考查词类涉及广泛，分布合理。
4．增加语境及逻辑错误。
应试瓶颈:
短文改错中的错误虽然大部分都是所谓“语法”错误，但是这种试题并不是单纯检测语法知识的，而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。这种能力是进行书面表达的必备能力，写作的成效需要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，校验能力是不可缺少的要素。把短文改错当作语法练习，是对高考中短文改错的误解。高考短文改错题大体与平时的练习题相当，比较平稳。考生普遍反映短文改错不难，可是多数人得分不高。原因有三：一、基础知识不太牢固。二、高温心急，时间紧迫，导致分析判断不仔细。
三、受思维定势的影响。
高考短文改错对考生的英语知识能力要求较高，没有平时积累的扎实基础当然不行。考生应多注意培养和训练这一题型的解题思路和技巧，将会收到更好的效果。
◎命题点1 冠词◎命题点2 名词◎命题点3 动词◎命题点4 形容词和副词◎命题点
5 代词◎命题点
6 连词◎命题点
7 介词
本类考题解答锦囊
1.浏览短文，弄清大意，顺便改出明显错误。
因为短文改错题主要考查考生在篇章结构中对英语语言知识的综合运用能力，所以考生在做短文改错题时，首先应浏览短文，弄清短文大意，并在浏览的同时注意两个问题：一是要顺便改出那些较明显的错误，二是要对语意不通的地方(即有行文逻辑错误的地方)初步作好记号。
2．逐句研读，逐行改错。
浏览短文，弄清大意(同时还改出了部分明显错误)之后，下一步就是要逐句研读，逐行改错。这里我们强调考生要逐“句”去读、逐“行”去改，因为短文改错题中的每一行本身不一定是一个完整的句予，所表示的意思也不是很完整，只有一句一句地研读，才能弄清句子意思，把握句子结构，从而为改错奠定基础(若是行文逻辑方面的错误，我们不仅要逐句读，而且还要联系上下文通篇地读)；至于改错，我们则要逐“行”去改，因为短文改错所设置的错误是以“行”为单位进行安排的(即每行设置一处错误，“无错句”除外)。只有一句一句地读懂了短文意思，一行一行地改出存在的错误，你才算大功告成。
3．对照考点，推敲难点。
通过以上两步，你应该已经改出了一些错误，假若第一步浏览短文，你顺便改出了二三处错误，第二步逐句研读，又改出了三四处错误，现在还剩三四行的错误未改出，怎么办呢?此时你就可以走“捷径”了，这条捷径就是要对照考点改错。通过上面的题型分析，我们知道短文改错题中的考点具有较好的稳定性。如：在正常情况下，动词时态，非谓语动词、冠词、介词、形容词和副词、名词单复数等方面的错误，一般是应该有的。如果心中装着这些考点，那么你现在就可以对照这些考点改错了。比如：假若在已经找出的错误中，你发现没有时态方面的错误，那么建议你重点去找找时态方面的错误；假若没有发现非谓语动词方面的错误，那么建议你重点去找非谓语动词方面的错误，等等。我们认为这样与各考点一一对照，你一定会有收获的。另外还要利用多词句、缺词句、无错句等错误类型的分布规律来攻克难点。根据上面的题型研究，我们发现：无错句一般有1句，多词句和缺词句一般分别为1～2句。根据此规律，你可以对照一下你找出的错误，假若你发现还没有多词句或缺词句或无错句，那么你就应该在这些方面有针对性地去找一找了。当然，以上有的说法也不能太绝对，假若某个考点实在找不出，也不能太勉强。我们给你以上“捷径”的目的是为了加强做题的针对性。个别问题不能盲目照搬，既要坚持规律的客观性，又要讲求运用规律的灵活性，这样才能立于不败之地。
4．读通全文，最后复查。
最后这一步其实很重要，当改完所有错误之后，你要再将改正后的短文通读一遍，最后从语感方面检查一次，看看有没有行文不畅的地方、读起来拗口的地方等等，若有就应该再修改一下。另外，在最后复查时，还要将你找出的错误与常考考点以及设错句类型(如：无错句、多词句、缺词句等)进行大致的对照，看看它们是不是基本到位了。最后顺便提醒一下考生，做短文改错题要注意根据试题要求，使用规范的符号，千万不要因为使用符号不当而导致扣分，那样就太可惜了。
短文改错的错误设置主要涉及语法、句法、行文逻辑等。这就是说短文改错题主要是考查语法知识，具体地说是考查语法知识在篇章结构中的综合运用，考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。
考点解析：名词
一、考点规律分析
1．分清可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。
2．熟记可数名词的复数形式及常用的不可数名词。
3．注意可数名词在句中的用法，要么在其前加a、an或the，要么用它的复数形式。
4．不能混淆修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词。(只能修饰可数名词的有few，a few，many， a number of; 只能修饰不可数名词的有little, a little, much, an amount of ,a great deal of；二者都可修饰的有plenty of，a lot of，lots of，a quantity of，quantities of，masses of等
5．注意固定搭配中单复数形式。
6．并列结构中单、复数应一致。
二、真题单句归纳
（1）We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
（全国卷）
（2）We climb everywhere，not only in America. We have been to Europe many time.（全国卷）
（3）There are branch library in many villages.（全国卷）
（4）I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.（全国卷）（5）Today I visited the Smiths —my first time visit to an American family.（全国卷）
（6）They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of que stion. （全国卷）
（7）We study quite a few subject，such as maths，Chinese，English and physics.（全国卷）
（8）…and often watch football match on TV together. （全国卷）
（9）Happy birthday，Peter，and many happy return of the day！（北京春季卷）（10）She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. （全国卷）（11）I used to love science class —all of them—biology，chemistry，geo graphy，physics.
（12）They did not want me to do any work at family.（全国卷）
（13）…so that I‘ll get good marks in all my subject.（全国卷）
（14）On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beau tiful.（全国卷）
（15）No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to.（北京春季卷）
（16）Their word were a great encouragement to me.（全国卷）
（17）You know，that was a dinner we had waited for several month.（江苏卷）（18）…but after class we become stranger at once.（全国卷）
（19）You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Int ernet.（广西卷）
（20）Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby…（浙江卷）（21）She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when…（福建卷）
（22）Without enough knowledges，you can never teach well.（湖北卷）
(23) I stay here for one and a half hour and……
(24)The second man pointed his glass and asked if the angel could cure his poor eyesight.
（25）Some of his friends go to see him every day ,who take him lots of go od book and some fruit.
(26) I would like to stay there for a month, visiting place of interest…
(27)I had many wonderful experience ,but I also had a bad one .
三、模拟单句演练
（1）Women live longer than men in most country.
（2）The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.
（3）It‘s said that all the ticket have been sold out.
（4）The children spend a lot of times watching TV.
（5）I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.
（6）The flower in the park were all pleasing.
（7）As the day went by，she became less anxious.
（8）Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.
（9）It‘s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.
（10）He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.
分类训练：
一、常见错误类型
（一）缺词
1、I met student yesterday.
2、He is looking a missing book.
3、He wants have a rest.
4、He praised by the teacher several times.
5、I’m looking forward your letter.
（二）多词
1、We are going to have a meeting on next time.
2、He is more taller than me.
3、He is fond of like English.
4、The boss made workers to work 10 hours a day.
5、He married with a beautiful girl.
6、Music is my most favorite hobby.
7、Last summer, I went to Beijing, my first time trip to the city.
8、Two years later, he returned back home.
9、It is about 200 miles far away from London.
10、Nancy students feel it that a popular teacher must be kind and easy-going.
11、The girl is proud of that her family is well descended.
12、We don’t seem to get much time to talk about together.
13、For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.
14、The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.
15、I don’t care about what people will think of me.
16、Every time when that I saw him, I thought of his parents.
（三）错词
1、It is time of me to take my dog.
2、I had knew him before he lived here.
3、To pass the book store, he stopped to buy a book.
4、He as well as his sister are a League Member.
做题要领：
(一)动词形
1、When he gets home, he saw the animal waiting at the door, still wearing his jacket with the wallet
in the door.
2、In Grade Eight I took physics. In one test I get only 36 percent of the answer correct.
3、Nothing was happened to him.
4、……,all the patients had been left.
5、My key left in the car.
6、See that, my father bought me one with his lifetime savings.
7、There was a fire burn in the fire place.
8、On the box was a card say,“25 cents each.”
9、A professor comes from Zhengzhou University will give us a talk tomorrow afternoon.
10、We will start to work as soon as our teacher came.
11、I had no idea that you are here.
12、He saw the animal, still wore his jacket.
13、Filled with sadness, he went back home, taking a lot of pills and even wrote his will.
14、I was anxious expected your letter, and at last it reached me.
15、He has never been heard speak ill of others.
16、We hear it say frequently that what men most desire is security.
17、It is difficult to make yourself understand in English.
18、On his way home, he suddenly heard his name calling.
19、But there are always more mysteries look into.
20、After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me.
21、A game of tennis making him very busy.
22、My parents love me and will do all they can make sure that I can get a good education.
23、The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly….
24、just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.
25 、They wanted one child or another to come out and played.
26、I admired the furniture while my son sat, rested.
27、I found that my post soon appeared on major entertainment websites, caused a lot of fierce argument.
（二）名词数
1、Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting.
2、If you have interests in it, reply to me soon.
3、They have all sorts of course.
4、In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.
5、Give you all the informations you need.
6、He is on good term with me.
7、He is a generous fellow, and will soon make friend with you again.
8、Give me three spoonful of sugar.
9、Aunt Mary returned home after ten years’s absence.
10、He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests.
11、It’s a great fun for us to be with her.
12、He gave us some advices.
13、I wish you a good luck.
14、You can find all kinds of informations in just a few minutes on the Internet.
15、New visitors no longer throw waste papers or plastic bags everywhere.
16、Physics are taught by Mr Wang.
17、There is a bad news for you.
18、Christmas Eve is one of the most beautiful night in western countries.
19、On the way home, I took picture since the scenery was so beautiful.
20、He has been working so hard recently that he got good mark in all his subjects.
21、They went to the nearest restaurants and sat at the table.
常见不可数名词：advice news information knowledge fun weather health harm progress physics work (工作) equipment（设备）furniture（家具）
既可为可数，又可为不可数，但要注意含义：
work（s）, experience（s）, time（s）, suggestion（s）, paper（s）, success, failure difficulty, wood（s）, food（s）, fruit（s）, glass(es)
(三)还要注意形和副
1、I got to the finishing line first. I won the race. I felt very proudly of myself.
2、We can hear birds singing happy all around.
3、She was usual patient with her students and never made them disappointing.
4、You must make your parents happily.
5、He looked differently after his return from Europe.
6、The number of girls is very few.
7、They came back lately and had some tea.
8、The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.
9、The new person feels more better after he has played tennis with other people in the office.
10、They close a big tree. It was almost as taller as the room.
11、My friend told me a story about his experience in the us, which was very interested.
你能区别下列词吗？
Late-lately deep-deeply live-lively wide-widely close-closely
Hard-hardly great-greatly high-highly free-freely
四、代词格，细领悟
1、I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked.
2、Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves.
3、I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them their great
achievement.
4、Just at that time I woke up and found me still in bed.
5、Knowledge is there for whomever until seek it.
6、Whom do you think is the writer of this book?
7、His brother’s case is quite different from me.
8、People find increasingly difficult to make them living.
9、He is taller than any one in his class.
10、I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.
11、Those fresh men finally learned to solve the problem by them.
(五)固定搭配要记牢
1、Don’t approach to a work of art in such a spirit.
2、The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook.
3、The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.
4、At last we reached to the village at the foot of the hill.
5、Because the help you gave me that summer, my life changed.
6、When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food.
7、I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that time.
8、The book is considered to be great value to your study.
9、He got married an actor.
10、Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still a good one to live.
(六)句子成分多分析
1、She looked at me and started to laugh.“How are you laughing?”
2、I was lucky enough to have a teacher which didn’t take my bad grade as a judgement of my abilities, but……
3、My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri, a quiet town which I would like to live myself.
4、These photos will show you how our village looks like.
5、I can’t make sense of that he said at the meeting.
6、They can teach you when and where to watch birds and what to watch them.
7、Besides, his friends are always visiting him, that disturbs me a lot.
8、True friends are those which never desert you when you are in need.
9、I realized I had found which I was looking for.
10、One day I happened to find a chatting room in my QQ there people were chatting in English.
11、With time went by, I found that I could even communicate with collage students freely.
12、Scientists hope that we can discover that the brain works.
13、It was my mom who made me understood it.
(七)遇到连词常设题，注意理清逻辑关系。
1、There are different voices from people, so personally, I think it’s OK.
2、She always made sure that our homework was finished on time, but she marked strictly on our actual performance.
3、I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting plans of interest or practicing my English as well.
4、He thought the poor animal was injured, but the kind farmer took off his jacket and put it on the animal.
5、My parents want me to study international business. Therefore, my head teacher suggested that it be better for me to choose software engineering.
6、Bird watching is a good hobby so it isn’t very expensive.
7、While my father-in-law passed away, we had to clear out his home.
8、I won’t be about to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon.
9、It has been five years when we graduated.
10、Clever as she is, but she works very hard.
11、I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work.
12、I was too eager to see the smart and funny animals, but I quickened my steps through the crowd.
13、Students who work part-time earn extra money; however, they learn a lot about the society they live in. （八）改错题中的一致性
(1)主谓一致性原则
1、Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.
2、There are branch library in many villages.
3、Playing football is not only interesting but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
4、It is I who is to blame for the missing dog.
5、Original art work are too expensive.
6、But finally the table, chair and other china was sitting in our own dinning room.
7、So I think if you can control yourself well and knows what is good and what is bad, it shouldn’t be a problem at all.
8、Mary as well as her little sisters were very fond of the clothes that was bought during the Christmas.
9、At first my progress in processing lines were slow.
10、Five miles aren’t a long distance.
11、Every means have been tried. 12、The poor is to be helped.
13、Half of the students has failed in the maths examination.
14、In our class Tom is the only one of the students who are from the USA.
15、What we need are more time.
16、I’m afraid nobody but his parents have been told the secret.
17、Neither you nor I are fit for the work.
18、The oral English of some junior students were better than mine.
(2)时态一致性原则
1、They offered me coffee and other drinks, we have a good time talking and laughing.
2、My favorite is football, I was a member of our football team.
3、When he gets home, he saw the animal waiting at the door.
4、In fact, time flies like an arrow before we realized it.
5、One day he was having yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help.
6、We will start to work as soon as our teacher came.
7、I now know that family is not just a safe place to live in but that it needed care and love to hold everyone together.
（3）指代一致性原则
1、The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
2、The Christmas tree was almost as tall as the room. They put them in the corner of the visiting room.
3、With the improvement of people’s living standard, they can do things we like with our pocket money.
4、They offer myself advice and tell me how to solve problems when I’m In trouble.
5、Making friends online is part of many people’s lives. However, some incidents have indeed happened, so it is natural that some people are worried about them.
6、The farmer was worried because his wallet was in the pocket. But, to my surprise, when he got home, he saw the animal waiting at the door.
7、One day , not feeling well ,Mr. Smith went to the hospital to have him examined.
8、“What should I do ?”I said to me.
9、She also helped me to choose a very warm raincoat. How lucky I am to have such a helpful friend. He saved me
a lot of trouble.
10、If you think in my position ,I am sure he will agree that the only solution for me is to get a room of my own.
(四)平行结构前后一致性原则
1、He said it was best to stay until help arrived rather than go into the forest and getting lost.
2、It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.
3、After lunch, we visited some animal houses and seeing some snakes and crocodiles.
4、Filled with sadness, he went back home, taking a lot of pills and even wrote his will.
5、Rich and poor, young and old, they can see everywhere, shouted and cheering for one side or the other.
6、In order to make fun with each other or relaxing, people often send messages like this.
7、We would play basketball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic.
8、I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.
9、I am thinking of making a trip to London , and visit the British Museum and some parks.
10、I still remember going there early and felt anxious about the new world.
11、Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try their best to make activities lively and interested.
12、He agree to reading my story and give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.
13、In addition, reading books ,through many people’s eyes, can broaden our horizon, enrich our mind and improving our level.
高考短文改错专项训练(带答案)
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2019届高考英语(通用版)二轮复习短文改错专题训练：训练1 短文改错(Ⅰ)(含解析)
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短文改错专题
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(广西课标版)2019版高考英语大二轮专题复习短文改错专题突破练18
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高考英语专题短文改错二十篇1-20(附答案)
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