高考英语阅读理解练习附答案

高考阅读理解技巧

一、阅读理解题选材

高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：

1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右；

2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；

3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。

二、英语阅读文体类型

学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁：

记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。

描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。

说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，

首句往往是主题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法：

1，定义与诠释说明；

2，举例与引用说明；

3，分类与图表说明；

4，比较与比喻说明；

5，分析与综合说明；

就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。

议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有：

1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总；

2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系；

3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系；

4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。

应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。

★ 文章的结构往往很容易把握，用主题句开门见山。作者往往通过信号词(signal words或transitional words)和关联词(referents来组织段落、文章.对信号词的迅速反应和对关联词的准确判断是至关重要的；要特别注意区分作者的观点与文章里所提到的人物的观点，同时注意作者所使用的表示赞同、反对等感情色彩的词汇。

三、阅读解题步骤

1、第一步：先读题

2、第二步：读文章

3、第三步：解题

四、阅读理解答题技巧

高考阅读理解常见的设题形式有：词义猜测题、细节理解题、推断题、作者态度题和主旨大意

题。题型不同，答题技巧也就有差异。下面就不同题型的答题技巧作一点简分析。

1、词义猜测技巧。

此类考题目要求考生能根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。一般提问方式如下：

1) The word “ABC” in the passage probably means ________.

2) The underlined word “ABC” in the passage refers to/means _______.

3) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？

4) The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．

5) The word "it（them）" in the first paragraph refers to ____．

这种题型要求对文章中的划线生词进行词义猜测。这类题型不仅要求具备一定构词法，而且也要求对上下文具有比较全面的理解。做词意猜测时，应注意划线生词后面的定语从句、同位语从句。定语从句、同位语从句通常用来解释生词的词意。另外，还要应注意生词后的标点符号，如逗号、破折号、引号、括号都可用于提示词意。有时，词意隐藏在全文或某一段中，这就需要把握文段的意境来加以透知该词的含义。

在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。

在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手：

1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义

在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能猜出herdsman是“牧人”。

2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义

在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Tom’s face has been washed quit e clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。

3）通过因果关系猜测词义

because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。

4）根据生活常识猜测词义

运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及

生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。

5）根据同等关系猜测词义

同等关系，指的是一个词，一组词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义都属于同一范畴。明显的标志是，这样的词组或短语中间常常用并列连词and或or来连接。例如： At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 从“年龄42岁”以及与prime具有同等关系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年时期”。

6）根据列举的事例猜测词义

You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”. “Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”. 从后面列举的例子中，可以猜出periodical 是“期刊，杂志”的意思。

7）根据构词法知识猜测词义

根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。

2、细节题型的答题技巧。

此类考题主要针对文章的细节，一般提问方式如下：

1)Which of the following is right?

2)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?

3)Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage?

4)Which of the following is Not True in the passage?

5)Which of the following is not mentioned?

6)Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

7)The author mentions all of the following except . . .

8)The writer mentions all of the items listed below except ______.

9)What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

10) Choose the right order of this passage.

11) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...

12) The reason for . . .is . . .

13) From this passage we know that ________.

14) In the passage, the author states that ______.

细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as 等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。

Some animals are in danger because they are hunted. Alarmingly, the population of tigers

has already fallen by ninety-five percent. Other species are in danger because of a lack of food. For example, there are fewer than 1300 giant pandas left in the wild.

28. According to the passage the world’s tiger population _____.

A. will rise by 5% next year

B. is relatively stable

C. is 95% smaller than in the past

D. has fallen to 95%

3、推断题型答题技巧。

此类考题一般针对短文内容和考生应有的常识，文章中虽然没有明确的答案，但考生在理解全文的基础上可以进行推理和判断其答案。一般提问方式如下：

1) We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______.

2) We can infer from the text that _______.

3) It can be inferred from the text that ______.

4) From the letters we’ve learned that it’s very ___ to know something about American

social customs.

5) From the story we can guess ______.

6) It may be concluded from the passage that．．．

7) Which of the following statements does the passage support？

8) The story implies that ______.

9) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ___.

10) The author implied（suggested）that．．．

推理是在既有信息的基础上得出合乎文章内容的内涵意义，即某一问题、某一观点没有直接表述，而寓意在文章的字里行间，要求通过文中信息分析推出某种符合作者思想、符合文章逻辑的内涵意义。推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断题推断得正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。

To argue that zoos imprison animals is to misunderstand what zoos are about. Without zoos many of the creatures we love and admire would no longer exist. Every single day，over one hundred animal species vanish. Scientists predict that as early as 2050 one quarter of the Earth’s species will become extinct.

26. What’s the writer’s attitude towards zoos?

A. He shows no opinion either for or against them.

B. He thinks that they are unnecessary and cruel.

C. He believes they play an important environmental role.

D. He expresses a desire that more of them be built.

4、作者态度题的技巧

此类题目的主要提问方式是一般提问方式如下：

1)How did the writer feel …?

2)The author seems to think that ______.

3)The writer writes this text to ______.

4)The writer believes that ______.

5)The writer suggests that ______.

6)The author wants to appeal to _______ .

7)The writer is trying to present a point of view in ______.

8)The author’s style is ______ .

9)The author’s tone would be best described as _______ .

10)What is the author’s opinion of ______?

11)What is the author's main purpose in the passage?

这一类考题大都要求考生就作者对论述对象持什么样的态度做出推断，如作者对所陈述的观点是赞同、反对，还是犹豫不定，对记述或描写的人、物或事件是赞颂、同情、冷漠，还是厌恶。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩不一定直接表述出来，而往往隐含在字里行间。因此，进行这种推断时，我们既要依靠短文的主题思想作为推力的前提，又要注意作者的措辞，尤其是形容词一类的修饰语。

确定作者态度，可以有两种思路：

1、问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；

2、如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。

英语阅读理解中表示作者态度的词汇

一赞同

1.positive adj.肯定的,积极的，确实的

2.favorable adj.赞成的，有利的

3.approval n. 赞成，承认，正式批准

4.supportive adj.支持的，支援的

5.enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的

6.defensive 为……而辩护，防卫的

7.practical实际的

8.logical 符合逻辑的

9.reasonable 合理的

10.rational 理性的

二否定

11.negative adj.否定的，消极的，负的，阴性的

12.disapproval 不赞成

13.objection 异议，反对/ objective 反对的

14.opposition 反对

15.critical 批评的

16.worried adj.闷闷不乐的,焦虑的

17.impractical 不实际的

18.illogical adj. 不合逻辑的

19.irrelevant 不相关的

20.radical adj.激进的

21.biased 有偏见的

22.prejudiced? 有成见的；偏颇的

23.conservative adj. 保守的

三怀疑

24.suspicion n.猜疑，怀疑

25.suspicious adj.(～ of) 可疑的，怀疑的

26.doubtful adj.可疑的，不确的，疑心的

27.puzzling / puzzled adj.使迷惑的，使莫明其妙的

28.confused 困惑的

四客观 (即好的坏的都说，选的可能性极大)

29.objective adj.客观的

30.neutral adj.中立的

31.impartial adj.公平的，不偏不倚的

32.impersonal adj. 不带个人色彩的

33.unbiased adj.没有偏见的

34.unprejudiced adj.公平的，无偏见的

35.factual adj.事实的，实际的，根据事实的

五主观

36.subjective adj.主观的，个人的

37.tolerance n.宽容，容忍，忍受

38.tolerant 宽容的 / intolerable

39.sensitive 敏感[锐]的,易受伤害的

40.scared adj.恐惧的 scary 可怕的

41.reserved adj.保留的

42.moderate adj.中等的，适度的，适中的v.缓和

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/4017685204.html,d adj.温和的，温柔的，淡味的，适度的

44.amazed adj.吃惊的，惊奇的

45.concerned adj.关心的，有关的

46.amused 可笑的

47.humorous 幽默的

48.fascinated 迷人的

49.curious 好奇的

50.unforgiving 不可饶恕的

51.pitiful 可怜的，令人同情的

52.stressful 有压力的

53.merciful 仁慈的

54.innocent 无辜的，无罪的

55.sociable 好交际的，友善的

六积极

56.active 主动的，积极的

57.positive 积极的，肯定的，

58.optimistic adj.乐观的

59.confident adj.自信的，确信的

60.interested adj.感兴趣的，

61.impressive adj.给人深刻印象的，感人的

62.respective 尊敬的

63.persuasive 令人信服的，有说服力的

64.convinced 信服的 / convincing 令人信服的七消极的

65.passive 被动的，消极的

66.negative 消极的

67.pessimistic 悲观的

68.depressed 消沉的，压抑的，抑郁的

69.frustrated 失意的，挫败的

70.disappointed 失望的/ disappointing令人失望的

71.gloomy adj.黑暗的，阴沉的，阴郁的

72.indifferent 漠不关心的

73.unconcerned 不关心的

74.blue 忧郁的

5、抓主旨大意的技巧。

这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。

一般主旨大意题可以分为两类：

1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic)

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句

子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖? 2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。

常见的标题型题干：

1)??The best title/ headline for this passage might be________.

2)??The text (passage) could be entitled ??______.

3)??What is the best title for the passage?

4) What’s the topic of the article?

如：In the 1930s, a lot of people in the USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “ Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didn’t have any real commercial(商业性的)success.

Q: The text is mainly about________.

A. Lexico???

B. Three men? ?C . A word game????? D. Alfred Butts.

【解题思路】答案A 和C以偏概全。因此此题的正确答案应为D。

2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括

一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.

常见的主题句和主旨型题干：

1) What is the topic sentence of the passage?

2)?This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________.

3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage?

4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

如：Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.

Q: What is the main idea of the passage?

A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.

B. Bingham is a diligent student.

C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.

D. A good lawyer needs good education.

【解题思路】? 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节(detail)性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想(unstated main idea)。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ。

★总之，阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯；如：要用眼光看，不要用手指去点；要默读，不要小声读。二是要积累大量的词汇，把阅读中的高频难词熟记，每次阅读后要整理好生词，然后记住其意思。三是要广泛地做课后阅读，坚持每天读1-2篇文章。四是不要一遇到生词就查字典，要先猜其意义，等做完题目后再查字典，以免影响阅读速度。

五、题目类型

A类题：可以直接从原文中找到答案的题目

A类题为拿分题

丢分原因：

1）凭印象做题，准确率低。

2）时间把握最容易出问题：忘记内容的时候往往会回到文章中去找答案，一篇文章往往要读好几遍。

A类题解题技巧：看清题目所问的内容之后，要在原文中划出原句，并标上题号。

这样做的目的：

1）做到万无一失，保证把该拿到的分数拿到手。

2）减少阅读文章的次数，争取宝贵的时间。

B 类题：不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题

需要经过分析、判断、推理之后才能解答的题。该类题是失分题，往往是出题人用来拉开

学生梯度和层次的题。

B类题包括：文章主题和中心大意等，一般都是主旨题。

B类题解题技巧：

1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。

2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。

因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。所以，当看到第一答案是正确的时候，也要看后面

的答案。遇到这种情况，往往有学生钻牛角尖。老师给学生解释的时候，也可以这样

说：你的答案没错，但是另一个答案更好，更全面。答案不选对的，只选最好的。

比答案的原则是：好的>不知道的；不知道的>不对的。

3、注意绝对化的词。

如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，

除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。

比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：Almost everyone likes the music. 答题时，要你

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