考研英语语法之非谓语动词上课讲义

非谓语动词

非谓语动词是指那些在剧中不能单独充当句子位于成分的动词形式。基本形式有四种：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）、分词（participle）、和独立主格结构（absolute structure）。

一、不定式

动词不定式是非谓语动词中使用最广泛的一种，在句子中，它除了做谓语外，可以担当其他任何成分，可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语。它在句中其名词、形容词

举例：

It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely.

He seems to be eating something.

According to your market report, demand seems to be returning.

The local health organization is reported to have been set up twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audio became its first president.

不定式的语法功能：

1) 作主语

The traditional rule was that it’s safer (to stay where you are), but that’s been f undamentally inverted. The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.

2) 作宾语

Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events.

He feels it his duty to help others.

3) 作表语

But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.

4) 作定语

Tom made the decision to go around the world in three years all alone.

She has the ambition to learn other languages.

The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a

constant emotional strain.

5) 作状语

A sad thing about life is when you meet someone and fall in love, only to find out in the end that you have wasted years on someone who wasn’t worth it.

6) 作补语

The man was seen to fall heavily to the ground and never get up again.

注：使役动词如make、let、have等以及感官动词hear、see、feel、watch、notice等之后所加的不定式要省略to，但是在被动语态中不可省略。例如我们说see sb play on the ground，但被动态中我们说sb is seen to play on the ground。

不带to的动词不定式

1. 在do…but/except结构中，当but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后接不带to

的动词不定式。

The train is late, and I can do nothing but wait.

比较：There was so serious a matter that I had no choice but to call in the police.

2. 在had better, would rather/sooner…than…, rather…than, would just as soon, might just as

well, cannot (help) but…等之后都必须接动词原形。

Tom cannot but ask his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has encountered in doing the project.

3. 在do far more than后面不定式省略to。

In the course of a day students do far more than just attend classes.

4. 在感官动词或使役动词，如hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, observe, perceive,

let, make, bid, have, note, leave等之后，不定式作宾语补足语时不带to。

She felt someone pat her on the head.

for + 名（代）词+ 不定式

It’s just inconceivable for a child to do that job.

That is for you to decide.

It’s time for us to go.

He stood aside for her to pass.

不定式的完成式：

1. 不定式的一般式to do不能表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作，若要表达此意，需用to have

done

Albert Einstein, the great American scientist, is estimated to have had the incredible IQ of 200.

2. 表示非真实的过去，本打算做但实际上没有实现的动作，如mean, intend, think, plan, hope,

wish, purpose, would/should like, was/were等。

I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot.

I planned to have visited you last night, but I was too busy.

I was to have visited you last night.

I was to have telephoned, but I forgot.

二、动名词

举例：

Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.

There is no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite having resigned from leadership of it, would intervene personally.

以主动态表被动义：deserve, need, require, want, bear, take(需要), stand(忍受), worth等。

The method deserves recommending.

Your hair needs cutting.

That novel is not worth reading.

动名词的语法功能：

1) 作主语

Home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder – kitchen rage.

2) 做宾语

The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing.

3) 作表语

The high cost of raw materials is keeping prices up.

Wasting time is robbing oneself.

4) 作定语

Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.

动名词的复合结构：名词属格或物主代词+ 动名词

Sophia’s having seen them did not surprise us.

It’s no use your trying to deceive me.

I can’t bear his staying up so late.

Excuse my interrupting you.

三、分词

现在分词：动词原形+ing

过去分词：动词原形+ed

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence (by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations), manipulating a number of variables relating to (p eople’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced).

现在分词与过去分词区别

现在分词与动名词的区别：

1）现在分词是动词的一种非限定形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句子中做定语、表语、状语，有时也用在复合结构中。

This is an amusing story.

The book is interesting.

The students came into the classroom, laughing and talking.

I heard him singing in the room last night.

2）动名词也是动词的另一种非限定形式，顾名思义，它既源于动词，又具有名词的功能，因此它在句子中起名词的作用，可单独或以动名词短语的形式做主语、宾语、定语、表语。

Learning a foreign language well is no easy job.

My favorite sport is skating.

Have you finished correcting the students’ pa per?

We had better put off discussing it till next week.

当现在分词和动名词充当不同的功能时，很容易区分：

1. My mother goes shopping every day.

2. My mother does shopping every day.

3. Being a qualified middle school English teacher is not easy.

4. Being a college student, I must study hard.

当现在分词和动名词充当相同的功能时，例如表语和定语，区别就比较困难：

5. The situation is encouraging.

6. Reading is learning.

现在分词多表示主语或逻辑主语的具体特征或行为，动名词则表示抽象的、一般的行为。

7. a leading comrade 定语= a comrade who leads

8. a swimming pool 定语= a pool used for swimming

现在分词多表示所修饰对象的动作，它与被它修饰的名词倒过来是主谓结构，而动名词则表示所修饰词的用途，和所修饰的词逻辑上没有主谓关系。

考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】

考研英语语法练习题【附答案详解】 1. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin? —Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided. A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose 2. October 15th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget. A. when B. that C. what D. which 3. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. where C. which D. whose 4. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. where C. when D. what 5. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. what C. that D. when 6. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside. A. as B. when C. until D. before 7. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)

英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.

考研英语语法大全———自己总结

考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式： (1)动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后， 或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表：

即某些字母组合的不规则动词有一定的规律。如：weep→wept, sleep→slept, sweep→swept 以上每个时间段中分别有四种状态：一般、进行、完成和完成进行。因此我们便有了四四一十六个时态。 态（一般、进行、完成、完成进行）。 比如在“They are doing their exercises.”这个句子中，动词由原形do 变成are doing 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于正在进行的状态当中，所以叫现在进行时； 在“They have done their exercises.”这句中，动词由原形do 变成have done的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并处于完成的状态，所以叫现在完成时； 在“They always do their exercises.”中，动词用原形do 的形态，说明这个事情是发生在现在、并且是一般情况下永远如此，所以叫一般现在时。 在这三句话中，动词do 虽然用了不同的形态，其意义没有变化，而是事情发生的时间和状态变了。其余类推。 （三）时态详解 16个时态中，常用的有12个：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时。其他时态很少单独使用。 下面把各种时态的构成和用法做一个全面的介绍。

初中英语语法知识—非谓语动词的知识点

一、选择题 1．—Let's think about _______ A Bite of China tonight? —That sounds good! A．watch B．watching C．to watch D．watches 2．—Do you prefer basketball with me? 一No,I’d rather at home and watch TV. A．play;stay B．to play;to stay C．play;to stay D．to play;stay 3．If you really don’t know _______ at the party, you can come to me. A．who will you talk with B．who to talk C．who to talk to D．who you will talk 4．—You don’t know what great difficulty I had ________ to get the two tickets. —But the film is really worth _________ twice. A．managing; seeing B．to manage; seeing C．managing; being seen D．managed; to see 5．Our parents won't allow us _____ in the river alone. A．swim B．to swim C．swimming D．swam 6．—It’s time _____ lunch. —OK. Let’s _____. A．for; go B．for; going C．to; going D．to; go 7．— Mr. Wang, I have trouble __________ the text. — Remember __________ it three times at least. A．to understand；reading B．understanding；to read C．understanding；reading D．to understand；to read 8．Dan shows an interest in musical instruments and is often heard _____ the guitar. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 9．The snow makes them______ cold, so they want to make a fire_______ warm. A．feel , to keep B．to feel, keep C．feel, keep D．to feel ,to keep 10．It usually takes him half an hour ________ the homework. A．finish B．finishing C．to finish 11．The journey made them ________very tired. A．to feel B．feeling C．feel 12．I don’t know how________there. I need to look at the map.

考研英语必备语法全突破——倒装

第四节倒装 倒装语序有两类: 全部倒装和部分倒装。 全部倒装：指谓语部分全部提到主语之前； 部分倒装：指谓语的一部分提到主语之前。 倒装语序常出现在下列情况中: 1. 为避免句子部分内容重复, 英语中常用倒装句,即: so (neither, nor)+be动词(助动My fater is an engineer; so is my husband. Jane didn't attend my class yesterday; nor did Torris. "John can't swim." "Neither can I.""约翰不会游泳。" "我也不会。" [提示]如表示赞同别人的陈述, so后面的部分不倒装。 "Jim is a good-swimmer." "So he is, and so is Dick." 2. 具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时, 句子一般部分倒装,即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括: not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time,no sooner 等。 Never has my brother been abroad before. Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door. No sonner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. At no time should you give up studying.在任何时候你都不应放弃读书。 [提示] (1)如果句首的否定词修饰主语, 是主语的一部分, 则句子不用倒装。 Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month. (2) as或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句

考研英语语法长难句讲义-简单句并列句【】

考研英语：语法长难句

目录 第一课奋斗的开始-简单句 (3) 一什么是英语句子？ (3) 二英语句子的基本结构 (3) 三句子的成分 (4) 四简单句的考点分析 (6) 第二课难点稍露尖尖角并列句 (9) 一什么是并列句？ (9) 二并列连词及与其同义的逻辑关系词 (9) 三并列句的考点分析 (9)

第一课奋斗的开始-简单句一什么是英语句子？ 英汉句法结构的差异 举例： ?北京机场就要到了。 ?我要去剪头。 二英语句子的基本结构 1.主谓 2.主谓宾 谓语：实义动词 3.主谓表 谓语：系动词 系动词主要分为以下六类： ?be ?感官动词：look, smell, taste, sound, feel ?变化：become, get, turn, grow, fall ?保持：keep, stay, remain, stand ?表象：seem, appear

?终止：prove 4.主谓双宾 5.主谓宾宾补 举例： ?I bought him a dog. ?You should keep the room clean and tidy. ?We made him our monitor. ?His father told him not to play in the street. 三句子的成分 1.谓语 1）谓语的成分： 举例： ?Your mother must very beautiful. 2）动词能不能多？ 举例 ?Laugh at others is my hobby. ?I enjoy see movies. ?My dream is become a rich lady. 练习 ?他穿上外衣，锁上门，离开了家。 ?大熊猫是熊科中最罕见的成员，主要生活在中国西南部的森林里。 ?长江流经不同的生态体系，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。 ?我爱你，你爱我。 ?冬天来了，春天就不远了。

历年考研英语语法完全版归纳

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高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】

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