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(完整版)英语语言学习题与答案

Chapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human

__________

A. contact

B. communication

C. relation

D. community

2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree

B. typewriter

C. crash

D. bang

3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.”is

__________.

A. interrogative

B. directive

C. informative

D. performative

4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?

A. Interpersonal

B. Emotive

C. Performative

D. Recreational

5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?

A. Transferability

B. Duality

C. Displacement

D. Arbitrariness

6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?

—A nice day, isn't it?

—Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.

A. Emotive

B. Phatic

C. Performative

D. Interpersonal

7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user's knowledge of the rules

of his language in utterances.

A. Performance

B. Competence

C. Langue

D. Parole

8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldn't be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This indicates the design

feature of __________.

A. cultural transmission

B. productivity

C. displacement

D. duality

9. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.

A. Psycholinguistics

B.Anthropological linguistics

C. Sociolinguistics

D. Applied linguistics

10. __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.

A. Linguistic theory

B. Practical linguistics

C. Applied linguistics

D. Comparative linguistics

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used

by the deaf-mute is not language.

12. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.

13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.

14. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.

any

of details the means which language, acquire to ability the with born all were We 15.

language system can be genetically transmitted.

16. Only human beings are able to communicate.

17. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.

18. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare's time is an example of the diachronic study of language.

19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.

20. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.

III. Fill in the blanks. (10%)

21. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of __________ communication.

22. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed

__________.

23. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is __________.

24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the __________ theory.

25. Linguistics is the __________ study of language.

26. Modern linguistics is __________ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.

27. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of __________ over writing.

28. The description of a language as it changes through time is a __________ study.

29. Saussure put forward two important concepts. __________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.

30. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure's langue and Chomsky's __________.

IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. Design feature

32. Displacement

33. Competence

34. Synchronic linguistics

V. Answer the following questions. (20%)

35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? （南开大学，2004）

36. Why is it difficult to define language? （北京第二外国语大学，2004）

VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)

）1999（青岛海洋大学，How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? 37.

Key:

[In the reference keys, I won't give examples or further analysis. That seems too much work for me. Therefore, this key is only for reference. In order to answer this kind of question, you need more examples. So you should read the textbook carefully. –icywarmtea]

1~5 BACCC 6~10 BACAC

II.

11~15 FFTFF 16~20 FFFFF

III.

21. verbal 22. productivity / creativity

23. metalingual function 24. yo-he-ho

25. scientific 26. descriptive

27. speech 28. diachronic linguistic

29. langue 30. competence

IV.

31. Design feature: It refers to the defining properties of human language that tell the difference between human language and any system of animal communication.

32. Displacement: It means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts, which are not present (in time and space) at the moment of communication. 33. Competence: It is an essential part of performance. It is the speaker's knowledge of his or her language; that is, of its sound structure, its words, and its grammatical rules. Competence is, in

a way, an encyclopedia of language. Moreover, the knowledge involved in competence is generally unconscious. A transformational-generative grammar is a model of competence.

34. Synchronic linguistics: It refers to the study of a language at a given point in time. The time studied may be either the present or a particular point in the past; synchronic analyses can also be made of dead languages, such as Latin. Synchronic linguistics is contrasted with diachronic linguistics, the study of a language over a period of time.

35.

Duality makes our language productive. A large number of different units can be formed out of a

small number of elements –for instance, tens of thousands of words out of a small set of sounds, around 48 in the case of the English language. And out of the huge number of words, there can be astronomical number of possible sentences and phrases, which in turn can combine to form

unlimited number of texts. Most animal communication systems do not have this design feature of human language.

If language has no such design feature, then it will be like animal communicational system which

will be highly limited. It cannot produce a very large number of sound combinations, e.g. words,

which are distinct in meaning.

36.

It is difficult to define language, as it is such a general term that covers too many things. Thus, definitions for it all have their own special emphasis, and are not totally free from limitations.

VI.

37.

It should be guided by the four principles of science: exhaustiveness, consistency, economy and objectivity and follow the scientific procedure: form hypothesis –collect data –check

against the observable facts –come to a conclusion.

Chapter 2 Speech Sounds

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1. Pitch variation is known as __________ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.

A. intonation

B. tone

C. pronunciation

D. voice

2. Conventionally a __________ is put in slashes (/ /).

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. morpheme

3. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are __________ of the p phoneme.

A. analogues

B. tagmemes

C. morphemes

D. allophones

4. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as

__________.

A. glottis

B. vocal cavity

C. pharynx

D. uvula

5. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as __________ diphthongs.

A. wide

B. closing

C. narrow

D. centering

6. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called __________.

A. minimal pairs

B. allomorphs

C. phones

D. allophones

7. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?

A. Acoustic phonetics

B. Articulatory phonetics

C. Auditory phonetics

D. None of the above

8. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?

A. [n]

B. [m]

C. [ b ]

D. [p]

9. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?

A. [i:]

B. [ u ]

C. [e]

D. [ i ]

10. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?

A. Voiceless

B. Voiced

C. Glottal stop

D. Consonant

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

11. Suprasegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence.

12. The air stream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire

the quality of a speech sound.

13. Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely

a different pronunciation.

14. [p] is a voiced bilabial stop.

Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds.

15.

16. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and a coda.

17. When pure vowels or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place.

18. According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can be divided into tense vs. lax or long vs. short.

19. Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people.

20. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.

III. Fill in the blanks. (20%)

21. Consonant sounds can be either __________ or __________, while all vowel sounds are __________.

22. Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth are brought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing __________.

23. The qualities of vowels depend upon the position of the __________ and the lips.

24. One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which is at the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the __________ to which that part of the tongue is raised.

25. Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without __________.

26. In phonological analysis the words fail / veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes /f/ - /v/. This is an example for illustrating __________.

27. In English there are a number of __________, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.

28. __________ refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of their neighbors.

29. __________ is the smallest linguistic unit.

30. Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound. These movements have an effect on the __________ coming from the lungs.

IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)

31. Sound assimilation

32. Suprasegmental feature

33. Complementary distribution

34. Distinctive features

V. Answer the following questions. (20%)

35. What is acoustic phonetics?（中国人民大学，2003）

36. What are the differences between voiced sounds and voiceless sounds in terms of articulation?（南开大学，2004）

VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)

Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions; then give

37.

an English word that contains this sound. Example: voiced alveolar stop [d] dog. （青岛海洋大学，1999）

(1) voiceless bilabial unaspirated stop

(2) low front vowel

(3) lateral liquid

(4) velar nasal

(5) voiced interdental fricative

答案I.

1~5 ACDAA 6~10 DBABB

II.

11~15 TTTFF 16~20 TTTFF

III.

21. voiced, voiceless, voiced 22. friction

23. tongue 24. height

25. obstruction 26. minimal pairs

27. diphthongs 28. Co-articulation

29. Phonemes 30. air stream

IV.

31. Sound assimilation: Speech sounds seldom occur in isolation. In connected speech, under the influence of their neighbors, are replaced by other sounds. Sometimes two neighboring sounds influence each other and are replaced by a third sound which is different from both original sounds. This process is called sound assimilation.

32. Suprasegmental feature: The phonetic features that occur above the level of the segments are called suprasegmental features; these are the phonological properties of such units as the syllable, the word, and the sentence. The main suprasegmental ones includes stress, intonation,

and tone.

33. Complementary distribution: The different allophones of the same phoneme never occur in the same phonetic context. When two or more allophones of one phoneme never occur in the same linguistic environment they are said to be in complementary distribution.

34. Distinctive features: It refers to the features that can distinguish one phoneme from another. If we can group the phonemes into two categories: one with this feature and the other without, this feature is called a distinctive feature.

35.

Acoustic phonetics deals with the transmission of speech sounds through the air. When a speech sound is produced it causes minor air disturbances (sound waves). Various instruments are used to measure the characteristics of these sound waves.

36.

When the vocal cords are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiceless; consonants [p, s, t] are produced in this way. But when the vocal cords are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect. Sounds produced in this way are described as voiced. [b, z, d] are voiced consonants.

VI.

37.

Omit.

Chapter 3 Lexicon

I. Choose the best answer. (20%)

1. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as __________.

A. lexical words

B. grammatical words

C. function words

D. form words

2. Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________ morpheme.

A. inflectional

B. free

C. bound

D. derivational

3. There are __________ morphemes in the word denationalization.

A. three

B. four

C. five

D. six

4. In English –ise and –tion are called __________.

A. prefixes

B. suffixes

C. infixes

D. stems

5. The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.

A. derivational affix

B. inflectional affix

C. infix

D. back-formation

6. __________ is a way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.

A. affixation

B. back-formation

C. insertion

D. addition

7. The word TB is formed in the way of __________.

A. acronymy

B. clipping

C. initialism

D. blending

8. The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by __________.

A. blending

B. clipping

C. back-formation

D. acronymy

9. The stem of disagreements is __________.

A. agreement

B. agree

C. disagree

D. disagreement

10. All of them are meaningful except for __________.

A. lexeme

B. phoneme

C. morpheme

D. allomorph

II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)

11. Phonetically, the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while the second

工程测量学试题库160题(附答案)..

工程测量学试题库（附答案） 1. ( D )处处与铅垂线垂直。 A.水平面 B.参考椭球面 C.铅垂面 D.大地水准面 2. 地球的长半径约为( A )千米。 A.6371 B.6400 C.6378 D.6356 3. 在测量直角坐标系中，纵轴为( C )。 A.x轴，向东为正 B.y轴，向东为正 C.x轴，向北为正 D.y轴，向北为正 4. 对高程测量，用水平面代替水准面的限度是( D )。 A. 在以10km为半径的范围内可以代替 B. 在以20km为半径的范围内可以代替 C. 不论多大距离都可代替 D. 不能代替 5. 在以( B )km为半径的范围内，可以用水平面代替水准面进行距离测量。 A.5 B.10 C.15 D.20 6. 在测量平面直角坐标系中,x轴表示什么方向？（C）。 A.东西 B.左右 C.南北 D.前后 7. 测定点的坐标的主要工作是( C )。 A．测量水平距离B．测量水平角 C．测量水平距离和水平角D．测量竖直角 8. 确定地面点的空间位置，就是确定该点的平面坐标和( A )。 A．高程B．方位角 C．已知坐标D．未知点坐标 9. 高斯投影属于( C )。 A．等面积投影B．等距离投影 C．等角投影D．等长度投影 10. 在测量直角坐标系中，横轴为( C )。 A. x轴，向东为正 B. x轴，向北为正 C. y轴，向东为正 D. y轴，向北为正 11. 在测量坐标系中，Y轴向（D）为正。 A、北 B、南 C、西 D、东 12. 假设的平均的静止海平面称为（D）。 A、基准面 B、水准面 C、水平面 D、大地水准面

13. ( B )的基准面是大地水准面。 A. 竖直角 B. 高程 C. 水平距离 D. 水平角 14. 建筑工程施工测量的基本工作是（B）。 A.测图 B.测设 C.用图 D.识图 15. 大地水准面处处与铅垂线（A）交。 A、正 B、平行 C、重合 D、斜 16. A、B两点，HA为115.032m，HB为114.729m，则hAB为（A）。 A、-0.303 B、0.303 C、29.761 D、-29.761 17. 建筑施工图中标注的某部位标高，一般都是指（B）。 A、绝对高程 B、相对高程 C、高差 18. 水在静止时的表面叫( B )。 A. 静水面 B. 水准面 C. 大地水准面 D. 水平面 19. ( B )的投影是大地水准面。 A. 竖直角 B. 高斯平面坐标 C. 水平距离 D. 水平角 20. 我国目前采用的高程基准是（D）。 A.高斯平面直角坐标 B.1980年国家大地坐标系 C.黄海高程系统 D.1985年国家高程基准 21. 地面上有一点A，任意取一个水准面，则点A到该水准面的铅垂距离为（D）。 A.绝对高程 B.海拔 C.高差 D.相对高程 22. 地面某点的经度为85°32′，该点应在三度带的第几带?( B ) 。 A．28 B．29 C．27 D．30 23. 在水准测量中，若后视点A读数小，前视点B读数大，则( D )。 A.A点比B点低 B.A、B可能同高 C.A、B的高程取决于仪器高度 D.A点比B点高 24. 水准测量中，设A为后视点，B为前视点，A尺读数为2.713m，B尺读数为1.401,已知A点高程为15.000m，则视线高程为( D )m。 A.13.688 B.16.312 C.16.401 D.17.713 25. 在水准测量中，若后视点A的读数大，前视点B的读数小，则有( A )。 A.A点比B点低 B.A点比B点高 C.A点与B点可能同高 D.A、B点的高低取决于仪器高度 26. 水准仪的分划值越大，说明( B )。 A. 圆弧半径大 B. 其灵敏度低 C. 气泡整平困难 D. 整平精度高 27. DS1水准仪的观测精度( A )DS3水准仪。

英语语言学试题及答案

英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.

测量学试题及详细答案-

第一章绪论 1、概念：水准面、大地水准面、高差、相对高程、绝对高程、测定、测设 2、知识点：（1）测量学的重要任务是什么？(测定、测设) （2）铅垂线、大地水准面在测量工作中的作用是什么？(基准线、基准面) （3）高斯平面直角坐标系与数学坐标系的异同。（4）地面点的相对高程与高程起算面是否有关？地面点的相对高程与绝对高程的高程起算面分别是什么？（5）高程系统（6）测量工作应遵循哪些原则？（7）测量工作的基本内容包括哪些？一、名词解释： 1.简单：铅垂线：铅垂线是指重力的方向线。 1.水准面：设想将静止的海水面向陆地延伸，形成一个封闭的曲面，称为水准面。大地体：大地水准面所包围的地球形体称为大地体，它代表了地球的自然形状和大小。地物：测量上将地面上人造或天然的固定物体称为地物。地貌：将地面高低起伏的形态称为地貌。地形：地形是地物和地貌的总称。 2.中等：测量学：测量学是研究地球的形状和大小以及确定地面点位的科学。测定即测绘：是指使用测量仪器与工具，通过测量和计算，把地球表面的地形缩绘成地形图，供经济建设、规划设计、科学研究和国防建设使用。测设：测设又称施工放样，是把图纸上规划好的建筑物、构筑物的位置在地面上标定出来，作为施工的依据。特征点：特征点是指在地物的平面位置和地貌的轮廓线上选择一些能表现其特征的点。 3.偏难：变形观测：变形观测是指对地表沉降、滑动和位移现象以及由此而带来的地面上建筑物的变形、倾斜和开裂等现象进行精密的、定期的动态观测，它对于地震预报、大型建筑物和高层建筑物的施工和安全使用都具有重要意义。大地水准面：由于水面可高可低，因此水准面有无穷多个，其中通过平均海水面的水准面，称为大地水准面，大地水准面是测量工作的基准面。高程：地面点的高程是从地面点到大地水准面的铅垂距离，也称为绝对高程或海拔，用H表示，如A点的高称记为H A。高差：地面上两点间高程差称为高差，用h表示。绝对高程 H ：地面点沿铅垂线到大地水准面的距离，简称高程、海拨、正高。相对高程 H′：地面点沿铅垂线到假定水准面的距离，称为相对高程或假定高程。测量工作的基本步骤：技术设计、控制测量、碎部测量、检查和验收测绘成果二、填空题 1.地面点到铅垂距离称为该点的绝对对高程；地面点到铅垂距离称为该点的相对高程。大地水准面，假定水准面 2.通过海水面的称为大地水准面。平均，水准面 3.测量工作的基本要素是、和高程。距离，角度 4.测量使用的平面直角坐标是以中央子午线与赤道的交点为坐标原点，中央子午线为x轴，向为正，以赤

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A 3.完成下表测回法测角记录的计算。测站测回数盘位目标水平度盘读数 ° ′ ″ 水平角草图半测回值 ° ′ ″ 一测回值 ° ′ ″ 平均值 ° ′ ″ O 1 左 A0 12 00 B91 45 00右 A180 11 30 B271 45 00 2 左 A90 11 48 B181 44 54右 A270 12 12 B 1 45 12 4、试算置仪器于M点,用极坐标法测设A点所需的数据。已知300°25′17″,X M=14、228m,Y M=77、564m,X A=47、337m,Y A=73、556m,试计五、计算题 1.某工程距离丈量容许误差为1/100万,试问多大范围内,可以不考虑地球曲率的影响。

英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解

I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be call ed ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually ter med______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______ . (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual ph enomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”,which is the abstract knowledge necessary for s peaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by peop le in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextu al factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院 2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang

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