文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 医学英语翻译技巧

医学英语翻译技巧

医学英语翻译技巧
医学英语翻译技巧

医学英语翻译技巧:模糊语的功能与翻译

模糊性语言我们随处可见,它是人类语言主观性的体现,在交际中具有重要作用。医务工作者的交际对象是一个特殊群体——病人。在同他们交流的过程中,若恰当地使用模糊词语,就尊重了患者,又获得了患者的尊重;增加所陈述命题的准确性和可信度;还表示谦虚,起到了自我保护等功能。

医学英语中模糊语的功能

2.1表示礼貌和尊重

礼貌在言语交际中具有调节双方关系的作用,是人们在某些场合必须遵守的一个重要原则。语用意义上的礼貌所指范围宽泛,而且总是与英国著名学者利奇(Leech)提出的礼貌原则紧密联系在一起。利奇的礼貌原则包括六条准则:得体、慷慨、赞誉、谦逊、一致和同情。礼貌原则可以解释人们在言语交际中为什么使用模糊、委婉、间接和灵活的表达方式。就模糊语来说,如果运用得当,可以使话语显得礼貌客气,使双方得到理解和尊重,从而有助于达到理想的交际目的。

在医护人员与患者的交谈中,患者心理上往往比较脆弱,对某些问题心存忌讳,医护人员在充分理解的基础上,通常会自觉地选用某些模糊词语。例如:在涉及到排泄物或性行为等禁忌语时,通常用模糊性的委婉词语来避免,如用“number one”(一号)代替“piss”(小便),“number two”(二号)代替“dung”(大便,粪便),“communicate”(交流)代替“intercourse”(性交),这不仅能表明说话者的良好修养,而且也能避免受话者丢面子。如:

4)Patient:I have a pneumonia recently,but I think I’m over it.

Doctor:I’m afraid you’d better have a further examination.

病人:我最近患过肺炎,但我以为已好了。

医生:恐怕你最好要作进一步检查。

5)Patient:Since the accident it has been stiff and looks black and blue.At times it feels numb.

Doctor:It seems you may have broken your elbow,I’ll send you to the x—ray department to check.

病人:受伤后伤处僵硬发紫发胀,有时还觉着麻木。

医生:看来你的肘关节骨折了,我送你去放射科检查一下。

2.2增加陈述命题的准确性和可信度

客观世界错综复杂,变幻多端,存在许多人类至今无法解释或不可预测的事物、现象特征。在对客观世界缺乏充分认识的情况下,人们为了描绘周围的世界,表达自己的思想,对模糊语的使用也就在所难免。医务工作者在行医、研究课题中,在对某些观点的论证和陈述中,难以用或无需用精确的语言时,常可通过某些模糊词语来说明。这样做,既避免了论断中语言的绝对化和武断性,又能准确地表达作者的思想,同时听者或读者通过思考、分析、推理,也会觉得其论述客观,可信度高。如:

6)Generally speaking,the higher the original blood pressure,the more pronounced the reduction effected.

一般说来,原来的血压越高,降压的效果越好。

7)It’s nothing serious.The pain is probably due to indigestion.I’ll give him a sedative to quiet him down.

看来没什么大问题,多半是因为消化不良。我给他一点镇静剂使他安静。

8)Most likely vomiting is due to i mproper feeding.After feeding,the baby should be held erect over your shoulder and patted gently on the back.

看来呕吐是喂养不当所致。每次喂完奶后,应该把孩子抱起来,靠在您的肩膀上,然后轻轻拍他的背部。

9)He may be suffering from some illness,but it’s difficult to say at the moment.

他可能有病,目前还很难确定。由此可见,在做出某些论断时,不是采用精确明晰的词语,使自己表达的内容过于主观,而是使用generally speaking,in general,probably,likely,may,might等在词法、句法上具有推测功能的模糊性词语,使论断留有余地,让作者的陈述命题更加科学、合理、严谨。

0)Therefore,it might be said that our position as to the etiology of primary glaucoma,as I conceive it,is that at least four elements may figure in it,two of which are problematical and largely hypothetical,and two of which are certain.

因此,可以这样说:关于原发性青光眼的病因,据我看来,至少有四个因素:其中有两个因素是有问题的和多半是假设的,但另两个因素是肯定的。

11)It is suggested that nonspecific ulcer of the colon should be managed conservatively.

我们建议,非特异性结肠溃疡应采取保守治疗。

在阐述某种见解或提出某种结论时,常用 It might be...that...,

It is suggested/proposed that...等模糊手法,使作者与这种见解或结论的关系模糊起来。使读者觉得作者并不因为深入研究、周密的实验论证所得出的结论而自以为是,而是把自己摆在与读者平等地位,是谦逊态度的一种表现。

“模糊限制语在帮助作者保护自己名誉方面起到保险的作用。”(Nane,1990)像其他科技领域一样,医学科技工作者在自己的著作或科研论文中,把研究和探索的结果奉献给读者时,常使用模糊词语,尤其对某些不是非常有把握的看法、观点,更是如此。这不仅体现作者的自谦,同时也是对读者的尊重,使自己的话语留有充分余地,即使看法不全,观点有错误,也能得到读者的理解,从而起到保护自己的作用。如:

12)In these early years,despite the ascendancy of structural—functionalism,it seemed to be medical,psychological and,at best,psychosocial perspective which predominated.

在最初几年中,尽管结构机能主义处于支配地位,但似乎是医学的、心

理的、至少还有社会心理学的观点占了上风。

用seem,appear等模糊词语,表明作者在陈述某一观点时,并不强加于读者。同时,万一观点不完全正确,也可适当减轻作者的责任。

1 3)According to the traditional Chinese medical books,there are five needle senses(tingling,distention,numb,sore and heaviness).

据中医书载,有五种针感(痛、胀、麻、酸、沉)。

1 4)It is reported that nonfunctional tumors cause disease by compromising normal glandular function,local extension,or distant spread.

据报道,无功能性肿瘤通过使正常腺功能遭到破坏、局部扩张或向远处

播散而致病。

为了证实自己观点的正确性,强调结论的可信性,作者常用according to...,It is said/re—ported that...等模糊词语、旬式,表明其研究是建立在他们研究成果的基础之上,有据可查。并非凭空想象、主观臆断。

3 医学英语中模糊语的翻译方法

关于翻译标准,尽管提法很多,但是仍有一个共同点,那就是一切译文

都包括原作思想内容与译文语言形式这两个方面。正如鲁迅所说:“凡是翻译必须兼顾着两面,一当然力求其易解,一则保存着原作的丰姿”。这就是既为读者服务,又对作者负责。医学英语要求其语言准确精练,逻辑严密。因此,其翻译标准首先是准确。这正符合翻译标准的核心——“信”的要求。对模糊词语,可

采取如下方法:

3.1直译法

直译法指翻译时要尽量保持原作的语言形式,包括用词、句子结构、比喻手段等,同时要求语言流畅易懂。因此,在翻译医学英语中的模糊词语时,可用英汉两种语言中的模糊词语进行直译。如:

1 5)When the aforementioned program is properly implemented,it is rare that angina pectoris intractable to medical management.

如果恰当地执行上述方案,心绞痛经过医治而证明不愈者是罕见的。

16)Of the 40 to 50 per cent mortality found in acute myocardical infarction,over half occurs prior to hospitalization and seems to be sudden in onset and related to ventricular fibrillation.

在急性心肌梗塞形成时所发现的40%一50%的死亡率中,有一半发生在住院之前,而且看来发作突然,与心室纤维性颤动有关。

1 7)Drugs and toxic agents may interfere with the appropriate utilization of folic acid and cause a megaloblastic anemia.

药物与毒物在适当利用叶酸时,而可能引起巨成红细胞性贫血。

18)The pain is more or less constant,of moderate intensity,and frequently is described as a persistent pulling,gnawing,or aching discomfort.

疼痛或多或少是经常性的,呈中等强度,并常被描述为持续性牵引感、咬痛或疼痛不适。句中,properly,seem,may,more or less模糊词语分别直译为“恰当地”、“看来”、“可能”和“或多或少”,使两种语言达到对等。

3.2意译法

意译是从意义出发,只要求将原文大意表达出来,不注意细节,译文自然流畅即可。在翻译医学英语的模糊词语时,在不改变原文大意的情况下,采取非直译的方法,使译文流畅、准确。例如:

19)It is evident that the clinical evidence of severity of the lesion is as good as any qualitative histologic criterion.

显然,临床表现后果的严重程度一般是和组织学改变相一致的。As good as的意思是:“几乎一样,实际上等于”,具有模糊概念,这里译成“相一致的”,保持英汉词语内在意义的一致,同时具有客观性及说服力。

20)In these,the hypertension is more or less incidental or of subordinate importance to the primary disease.

在这些情况下,高血压在某种程度上都是偶然的,并且没有原发性疾病重要。句中模糊词语more or less没有直译为“或多或少”,而是译为“在某种程度上”,使表达明确,符合中文习惯。

2 1)Prescribing for patients with liver disease calls for more than usual caution because the effects of drugs in this situation are unpredictable.

肝脏病病人用药须格外谨慎,因为这种情况下的药物作用难以预料。此句中的模糊词语more than原义为:“比??更多”,如果直译,则译文呆板,不符合中文习惯。

22)Sometimes the pulse may be normal in every way even though the temperature be raised.

有时脉搏在各方面都正常,尽管体温是上升了。上句中的模糊词语may 没有被译出,但译文并没有把原文的某些内容删去,反而增加陈述命题的准确性和可信度,符合医学英语语言准确、精练的要求。

综上所述,模糊语在医学英语中有着重要的语用功能。在医务工作者与患者的交际中,恰当地使用模糊语,非但不会影响信息交流的准确性,还会提高我们的语言表达能力和交际效率。在书面语交际中,使用模糊词语,可使陈述的命题更科学、更合理、更严谨;在医学英语翻译与教学中,分析、研究模糊语的功能及其运用特点,有助于语言能力的提高,以及用标准、地道的英汉两种语言表达的能力。

(完整版)医学专业英语翻译及答案

Chapter 1 Passage 1 Human Body In this passage you will learn: 1. Classification of organ systems 2. Structure and function of each organ system 3. Associated medical terms To understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc. 了解人体各部分的组成及其功能,对于认识人体是必需的。研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学;研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。 Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article. 解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。本文描绘并阐述了各系统的主要部分。 The skeletal system is made of bones, joints between bones, and cartilage. Its function is to provide support and protection for the soft tissues and the organs of the body and to provide points of attachment for the muscles that move the body. There are 206 bones in the human skeleton. They have various shapes - long, short, cube - shaped, flat, and irregular. Many of the long bones have an interior space that is filled with bone marrow, where blood cells are made. 骨骼系统由骨、关节以及软骨组成。它对软组织及人体器官起到支持和保护作用,并牵动骨胳肌,引起各种运动。人体有206根骨头。骨形态不一,有长的、短、立方的、扁的及不规则的。许多长骨里有一个内层间隙,里面充填着骨髓,这即是血细胞的制造场所。 A joint is where bones are joined together. The connection can be so close that no movement is possible, as is the case in the skull. Other kinds of joints permit movement: either back and forth in one plane - as with the hinge joint of the elbow - or movement around a single axis - as with the pivot joint that permits the head to rotate. A wide range of movement is possible when the ball - shaped end of one bone fits into a socket at the end of another bone, as they do in the shoulder and hip joints. 关节把骨与骨连接起来。颅骨不能运动,是由于骨与骨之间的连接太紧密。但其它的关节可允许活动,如一个平面上的前后屈伸运动,如肘关节;或是绕轴心旋转运动,如枢轴点允许头部转动。如果一根骨的球形末端插入另一根骨的臼槽里,大辐度的运动(如肩关节、髋关节)即成为可能。 Cartilage is a more flexible material than bone. It serves as a protective, cushioning layer where bones come together. It also connects the ribs to the breastbone and provides a structural base for the nose and the external ear. An infant's skeleton is made of cartilage that is gradually replaced by bone as the infant grows into an adult. 软骨是一种比一般骨更具韧性的物质。它是骨连结的保护、缓冲层。它把肋骨与胸骨连结起来,也是鼻腔与内耳的结构基础。一个婴儿的骨骼就是由软骨组成,然后不断生长、

医学专业英语翻译

医学专业英语翻译 医学专业英语翻译如下: portable electric dental engine 轻便电动钻牙机,轻便牙钻portable hearing aid 袖珍助听器 portable microtome 手提式切片机 portable monitor 手提式监护仪 portable obstetric table 轻便产床 portable operating table 轻便手术台 portable photoelectric colorimeter 便携式光电比色计 portable suction unit 便携式吸引器 portable testing set 便携式测试仪器 portable typewriter 手提式打字机 portable X-ray machine 手提式X 光机 portacid 移酸滴管,滴酸器 portal 门,入门 portal venography 门静脉造影术 port B/L 港口提单 portcaustic 腐蚀药把持器 porte 柄 porte-acid 移酸滴管,滴酸器

porte-aiguille 持针器 porte-caustique 腐蚀药把持器 porte-ligature 深部结扎器,缚线把持器porte-meche 填塞条器 porte-noeud 瘤蒂结扎器 porte-polisher 握柄磨光器 porterage 搬运费 portial impression trays 局部牙托portion 部分,段,份 portligature 深部结扎器,缚线把线器port of arrival 到达港 port of delivery 交货港 port of departure 出发港 port of destination 到达港目的港 port of discharge 卸货港 portogram 门静脉造影片 portoraphy 门静脉造影术portovenogram 门静脉造影片 posion 阴离子,阳向离子 position 位置,状态 positioner 定位器(牙),位置控制器

医学英语翻译常用专业词汇

这里汇聚了中西医学行业的大部分英语词汇和详细解说,如果要查询相关词汇,你可以点此word 文档工具栏的“编辑”,找到“查找”,然后点开输入你要查询的词汇就可以查询了。 西医篇: 1、医院部门及科室名称 2、医务人员名称 3、诊断和治疗常用词汇 4、常见疾病名称 5、常见手术名称 6、常用药物名称 7、常用护理术语 8、常用临床医学术语 9、医疗器材 10、医学英语快速记忆-后缀 11、主要人体系统名称 12、医院类型名称 13、医学词汇 14、医学常用字首与字根 1.医院部门及科室名称 out-patient department 门诊部 In-patient department 住院部 Nursing department 护理部 Admission office 住院处 Discharge office 出院处 Registration office 挂号处 Reception room, waiting room 侯诊室 Consultation room 诊察室 Isolation room 隔离室 Delivery room 分娩室 Emergency room 急诊室 Ward 病房室 Department of internal medicine 内科 Department of surgery 外科 Department of pediatrics 儿科 Department of obstetrics and gynecology 妇科 Department of neurology 神经科 Department of ophtalmology 眼科 E.N.T.department 耳鼻喉科 Department of stomatology 口腔科 Department of urology 泌尿科 Department of orthopedic 骨科 Department of traumatology 创伤科 Department of endocrinology 内分泌科

医学英语翻译常用专业词汇

医学英语翻译常用专业词汇 学英语教学担负着促使医学生从外语学习阶段向使用阶段过渡的任务,下面为大家分享医学英语翻译常用专业词汇,希望对大家有用。 医学英语翻译常用专业词汇如下: M (①meter ②molar) ①米②容积克分子的(溶液) MA (milliampere) 毫安(培) maceration 浸渍,浸软 maceration tank 浸渍槽 macerator 浸渍器 Mach 马赫(音速单位) machcardiogram (abbr. MCG) 心机械图(即对心电、心音、颈动脉波,心尖搏动图进行同步 记录,可对各图型和时相及其相互关系进行研究) machine(abbr. mach.) 机,机器,装置 machine parts 机器零件 machinery 机器,机械装置 macro- 巨,大,长,宏观 macroanalysis 常量分析 macrochemistry 常量化学

macroroentgenogram X 射线放大照片macroroentgenography X 射线放大工业照像术 made-up 人工的,制成的,预制的 madisterion 拔毛镊 madisterium 拔毛镊 madistor 晶体磁控管 magamp 磁性放大器 magazine ①杂志,期刊②箱,盒,办片匣,暗盒③软片盒magic 魔术,不可思议的 magic eye ①电眼②光调谐指示管 magic lantern 幻灯 magmeter 直读式频率计 magnalium 镁铝合金 magnesia anastomosis tube 镁氧吻合管 magnesium (abbr. Mg) 镁 magnet 吸铁器,磁铁 magnet for eye 眼用吸铁器 magnetic 磁(性)的 magnetic amplifier 磁性放大器,磁增强器 magnetic attraction 磁吸引 magnetic belt 磁性治病带 magnetic core memory 磁心存储器

医学英语翻译3

医学英语文献3翻译(缺Unit1、3、7) U3 TC Beneficial bacteria may protect babies from HIV 有益菌或能保护婴儿防止感染艾滋病毒 毫无疑问,在喂养婴儿时,母乳是最好的选择。但感染HIV(艾滋病病毒)的母亲面临着一个困境:由于有些病毒会流入母乳,婴儿吃奶时便面临被感染的风险。目前两组研究队伍正在调查一场细菌之战以治疗这些脆弱的婴儿。他们将在母乳中加入抑制艾滋病的细菌。黎巴嫩,达特茅斯医学院HIV专家Ruth Connor 说,这些有益菌并不能保证儿童一定不会被感染,但可以大大降低感染概率。 在八月的“母乳喂养医学”中,她和来自西班牙马德里康普腾斯大学的同事,报告说将可以充分抑制HIV-1增长和感染的某些乳酸菌从健康女性的母乳中隔离出来。 试管研究对代表15个不同种类的38个细菌菌株进行了实验,它们都显示出了对HIV的抑制性。效力最小的可以抑制细菌6.7%的传染性;效果最好的可以抑制HIV感染细胞能力的55.5%. 研究者们试验了隔开的细菌和细菌产生的无细胞粘液。“我们想分清抑制HIV 的能力是不是由细菌的某些特定组成部分造成的,例如外部细胞壁,或仅仅是组成细菌的可溶性成分,”Connor 解释说。最终,她说每一项都被证明有抗病毒性,虽然细菌整体抑制性最好。 所有热灭菌都或多或少显示出了对HIV传染的抑制性,有11个可以杀掉41%甚至更多的HIV传染性。相比之下,只有六种菌株产生的可溶性细胞化合物证实具有抑制作用,而且只有一种可以减少至少41%的传染性。

Connor说小组的发现揭示了她和其他病毒学家以前一直困扰的问题:为什么艾滋病病毒测试呈阳性的女性母乳喂养的婴儿没有被传染。 她说,目前还不知道,到底是最有抑制性的一种或几种细菌(例如乳酸菌 /gramininis VM25;酵母VMA和戊糖片球菌VM95)单独提供了本质上防止HIV的保护作用还是共同作为自然的微生物群来起作用。Connor说,但其最终目的是通过传输一些额外的细菌,将益生素补充到母乳中。益生菌就是作为辅助消化或增进健康的食品补充剂的有益菌。 Connor说,有些有益菌是针对已出生的婴儿。它们被作为口服药丸服用或加入到婴儿食品中。该理念是在幼儿体内培养有益菌的生命群,这样就可以准备好击退任何可能被吸收的HIV。这是”保护不受传染的一个额外保护层,“Connor说。 要达到这样的结果,就要在刚出生开始母乳喂养时就开始执行,这样有益菌的效果最好,因而婴儿体内就可以优先具有反HIV菌株。 当然,这种婴儿补充物的发展还有很长的路要走。还要进行试验以确定当服用剂量较大时,有益菌不会引起腹泻或其他不良副作用——开始是大人,然后是健康的婴儿,最后是感染HIV风险很大的婴儿。 ”乳酸菌是人们从母乳中隔离出来的很普通的一种细菌,它可以有很多来源,”包括植物,酒和发酵的蔬菜或乳制品,加利福尼亚大学的David Mills 说。他说这会引起一个问题:从非人类处分离出来的同种类菌株是否引起的反应也一样?如果是的话,这就是一种非特定的作用(但可能还是很有用处)。”我很惊奇发现母乳中有这么多有机体,因为现在还不清楚它们是怎么到母乳里的,”伦敦西安大略大学加拿大益生菌研究与开发中心的Gregor Reid 说。他说,有一种关于来源的理论是,在怀孕后期,树状细胞——一些活跃的白

医学专业英语翻译牙齿

学号:201209072108 班级:口腔二班姓名:陆小凯 Oral cavity Dentists use special terms to describe the surfaces of teeth. The labial surface(labi/o means “lip”), for incisor and canine teeth, is nearest the lips. The buccal surface(bucc/o means cheek), for premolar and molar teeth, lies adjacent to cheek, as illustrated in Figure 5-2. Dentists refer to both the labial and the buccal surfaces as the facial surface(faci/o means face). Opposite to the facial surface, all teeth have a lingual surface(lingu/o means tongue). The mesial surface of a tooth lies nearest to the median line and the distal surface, farthest from the medialline. Premolars and molars have an additional occlusal surface that comes in contact with a corresponding tooth in the oppsing arch. The incisors and canines have a sharp incisal edge. Figure 5-3 shows the inner anatomy of a tooth. label it as you read the following description: A tooth consists of a crown, which shows above the gumline, and a root, which lies within the bony tooth socket. The outermost protective layer of the crown, the enamel, protects the tooth. Enamel is a dense, hard, white substance-the hardest substance in the body. Dentin, the main substance of the tooth, lies beneath the enamel and extends throughout the crown. Yellow in color, dentin is composed of bony tissue that is softer than enamel. The cementum covers, protects, and supports the dentin in the root. A periodontal membrane surrounds the cementum and holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket. The pulp lies underneath the dentin. This soft and delicate tissue fills the center of the tooth. Blood vessels, nerve endings, connective tissue, and lymphatic vessels are within the pulp canal. Root canal therapy is often necessary when disease or abscess occurs in the pulp canal. A dentist opens the tooth fromabove and cleans the canal of infection, nerves, and blood vessels. The canal is then disinfected and filled with material to prevent the entrance of microorganisms and decay. Three pairs of salivary glands surround the oral cavity. These exocrine glands produce saliva that contains important digestive enzymes. Saaliva is released from the parotid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland on each side of the mouth. Narrow ducts carry saliva into the oral cavity. 口腔牙医使用特殊的术语来描述牙齿表面。唇面(labi的意思是嘴唇)是指前牙最接近嘴唇的一面。颊面(bucc/ O是指面颊)对于前磨牙和磨牙是位于毗陵的面颊,如图5 - 2所示。牙医把唇和颊面称为面部表面(faci / o意思是脸)。牙医把唇和颊面称为面部表面(faci / o意味着脸)。和面部表面相反一面,所有的牙齿都有舌表面(lingu / o意味着舌头)。牙齿的近中面位于最靠近中线和远侧面,离medialline最远。前磨牙和磨牙咬合额外的表面与反向拱相应的颌面接触。切牙和尖牙有锋利的切缘。 图5 - 3显示了牙齿的内部解剖。下面是你要阅读的标签描述:牙齿是由牙龈表面的牙冠和埋在牙槽骨中的牙根组成。最外层是保护牙冠

医学常用中英文名称翻译标准

常用缩写 AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm 腹主动脉瘤 ABFB, aortobifemoral bypass 主双股动脉旁路术 ABI, ankle-brachial index 踝肱指数 ACA, anterior cerebral artery 大脑前动脉 ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme 血管紧张素转化酶 ACT, activated clotting time 活化凝血时间 ADA, American Diabetes Association 美国糖尿病协会 ADP, adenosine diphosphate 二磷酸腺苷 AEF, aortoenteric fistula 主动脉肠道瘘 AF, atrial fibrillation 房颤 AFB, aortofemoral bypass 主股旁路术 AGE, advanced glycosylation end product 高级糖基化终末产物 AHA, American Heart Association 美国心脏病协会 AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 健康保健研究及质量控制委员会AI, aortoiliac 主髂 AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 AKA, above-knee amputation 膝上截肢术 AMP, adenosine monophosphate 单磷酸腺苷 APC, activated protein C 活化蛋白C APG, air plethysmography 空气体积描记术 aPTT, activated partial thromboplastin time 活化部分凝血酶原时间 ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker 血管紧张素受体阻滞剂 ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征 ARF, acute renal failure 急性肾衰 ASA, acetylsalicylic acid 阿司匹林 ATN, acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死 ATP, adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷 AVE, arteriovenous fistula 动静脉瘘 AVG, arteriovenous graft 动静脉移植物

《医学英语》翻译(魏凯峰)

Unit 1 1.人体面朝上为仰卧位 A person is supine when lying face upward . 2.人体面朝下为俯卧位 A person is prone when lying face downward. 3.不同姿势影响对人体相对部位的描述 The position of the body can affect the description of body parts relative to each other. 4.肘在腕的上方 The elbow is above the hand. 5.方位术语描述人体不同部位之间的相对关系 Directional terms describe parts of the body relative to each other. 6.头部在人体的最高点 The head is the highest point of human body. 7.人体的前面是腹面 The anterior surface of the human body is the ventral surface. 8.脚在腿部的远端 The foot is attached at distal end to leg. 9.外侧面指远离中线的方向 Lateral means away from the midline. 10.鼻位于眼睛内侧 The nose is located in a medial position in the face. 11.皮肤在肌肉和骨的表面 The skin is superficial to the muscle and bone. 12.矢状面将人体分为左右两部分 A sagittal plane separates the body into right and left portions. 13.冠状面从左到右垂直穿过人体 A coronal plane runs vertically from right to left. 14.体腔包括鼻腔、颅腔、腹腔等 The body contains the nasal, cranial, and abdominal cavities etc. 15.纵膈中有心脏、胸腺、气管、食道以及血管、神经等。 The mediastinum contains the heart, thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, and other structures such as blood vessels and nerves. Unit 2 1. 冠心病 coronary artery disease (CAD),coronary heart disease (CHD) 2. 心绞痛 angina Pectoris 3. 临床表现 clinical manifestations 4. 诱发因素 precipitating factors 5. 心血管系统 cardiovascular system 6.心肌梗塞 myocardial infarction (MI) 7. 发病机理 pathogenesis 8. 血管痉挛

医学英语教程课文翻译Unit1

Unit 1 Reading A The Human complex— A Never –failing Source of Wonderment (人类的复杂性——一个永远不会失去惊叹的话题) “ In my view, ” wrote Thomas Jefferson in 1814 , “no knowledge can be more satisfactory to a man that of his own frame, its parts, their functions and actions. ” Distinguished thinkers before and since Jefferson have held this belief, but curiously, it is not one that the average person wholeheartedly shares.Man’s attitude toward his own body—his single most precious possession—is decidedly ambivalent. At one and the same time he is fascinated by it and fearful of it, partly in echo of ancient taboos, partly in the conviction that the body is too complicated to understand. ( “在我看来,”托马斯杰佛逊于1814年写道:“对人来说,没有什么知识会比了解自身的架构、部件、功能和作用更能使他满足。”包括杰佛逊在内的杰出思想家均持有这个观点,但有趣的是,这个观点并不为普罗大众所由衷地接受。人们对自己的身体,这个对他自身来说最为宝贵的财富,态度其实是充满矛盾的。一方面,人们被肉体的奥妙所深深着迷,另一方面,却又对其深感敬畏,这在一定程度上与远古的忌禁遥相呼应,也在一定程度上反映了人们确信肉体过于复杂而难以理解。) The possible approaches to a study of the body are legion.To the cynic, the body is no more than a tenement of clay; to the poet, a palace of the soul; to the physician, an all-too-ailing hulk. The psychiatrist sees it as a housing for the mind and personality. The geneticist sees it as a perpetuator of its own kind.The biologist sees it as an organism which can alter the future as a result of the experience of the past. ( 研究人体的途径可谓纷繁多样。对愤世嫉俗者来说,人体贱为粘土陋室;对吟诗作赋者来说,人体尊为灵魂的宫殿;对救死扶伤者来说,人体悲为脆弱多病的躯壳。精神病学家视其为思想和性格的居所。遗传学家当其为自我繁衍的机器。生物学家视其为能借过往的经验来改变未来的生命体。) All the specialized scientific views of the body are valid. All, however, must start from the same premise: an awareness of the body’s basic structure and functions—its anatomy and physiology. And the bedrock principle of our present understanding of the body is that all living matter is composed of cells basically similar in structure and function.

医学英语词汇

课程名称医学英语词汇 授课专业中医翻译06级 必修课专业课(√) 授课方式课堂讲授(√);实践课() 考核方式考试(√);考查() 总学时数 4*18=72 Terminology-----from term thrombocytopenia lymphocytic leukemia carcinoma 癌 hepatitis 肝炎 cholesterol 胆固醇 医学英语术语:上述这些单词来源于希腊或拉丁词根,有特定的医学含义,我们将之统称为医学英语术语(medical term); 医学术语学:而将专门研究它的学问称为-医学术语学(medical terminology):An introduction to the language of veterinary and human medicine 第一章医学英语术语学概述 医学英语术语学(medical terminology)是研究医学术语的起源和发展的学科,也是向广大医务工作者、医学院学生、医学科学研究人员提供科学的方法以提高对医学英语术语认知能力的一门专项技能,同时也是医学与语言学结合的跨学科研究方向。 涉及学科门类:医学人类学 词汇学词源学 社会学 英语史等

一、医学英语术语学简介 1、几个词汇学方面的基本概念 词素----组成词的基本元素,是语言中语音和语义的最小结合体。 词根----含有明确的词汇语义,在单词中表达主要的意义的词素叫做"词根"(root)。 词缀----只有语法意义、而没有词汇意义(例如表示名词复数的-s),或者虽有一定的词汇意义、但在词中只表达次要的意义的词素,称为"词缀"(affix)。 2、医学术语与基本词素 Psychiatrist---psych /iatri /ist Physiology---physi /o /logy 二、医学英语术语词源学、发展史(了解)及其学习的意义 1、来源于拉丁语、古希腊语 词缀可与不同的词干一起,擎生无数新词。 auto: auto-activation auto-antibody auto-infection autoserum autovaccine micro: microscope micro-section microspherocyte microbacteria microsurgery hydro: hydracids hy-draemia

医学英语翻译题汇总

UNIT 1 1.Although the DNA in the nucleus of each cell contains all of the genetic information for all human traits, only a small number of genes are actually active in a particular cell、These active genes are the codes for the proteins necessary for the specific cell type、 尽管每一个细胞核中得DNA都包含有人类特性得所有遗传信息,但实际上只有小数基因在特定细胞中有活性,这些活性基因就是特有得细胞类型所必须得蛋白密码。 2.In facilitated diffusion, molecules move through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration, but they need some help to do this、 在易化扩散中,大分子经一层膜从高浓度区域向低浓度区域移动,但分子要完成这一工作需要某些帮助。 3.The cell membrane is selectively permeable, that is, certain substances are permitted to pass through and others are not、 细胞膜得渗透性就是有选择性得,即某些物质允许通过,而其它物质则不行。 4.Filtration means that water and dissolved materials are forced through a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure、 过滤就是指水与已溶解物质经一层膜从高压区压送到低压区。 5、Active transport requires the energy of ATP to move molecules from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration、 主动转运需要ATP这种能使分子从低浓度区向高浓度区移动。 1、体内平衡取决于所有不同类型得细胞正常得发挥其功能。(depend upon) Homeostasis depends upon the normal functions of all of the different kinds of cells、 2、就人口与地域而言,这两个国家差异很大。(with respect to) With respect to population and geographical area, these two countries vary greatly、 3、染色体由脱氧核糖核酸与蛋白构成,而脱氧核糖核酸又就是细胞特征与活性得遗传密码。 (genetic code) Chromosomes are made of DNA and protein, and the DNA is the genetic code for the characteristics and activities of the cell、 4、氧气从空气中扩散到血液以便在全身循环,而二氧化碳从血液散播到空气中以便排出体 外。(diffuse ) Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood to be circulated throughout the body, but carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air to be exhaled from the body、 5、科学不断地提供新得发现,从而进一步支持了她得假设。(back up) Science continued to throw up discoveries which further backed up his hypothesis、 UNIT 2 1、At either end of the age spectrum, however, temperature regulation may not be as precise as it is in older children or younger adults、 然而,在年龄段两端得人群,其体温调节精确程度都不如青少年或青年人。 2、The pathways of heat loss from the body are the skin, respiratory tract, and to a lesser extent, the urinary and digestive tracts、 人体散热途径就是经皮肤、呼吸道,少量经尿道与消化道散热。 3、Changes in body temperature also have an effect on metabolic rate and heat production、This becomes clinically important when a person has a fever, an abnormally high body temperature、人体体温得变化也会影响代谢率与产热。当一个人发热、体温异常升高时,从临床上讲,体温变化就显得重要了。

医学英语翻译

Part V 1. 电脑也开始被应用在实验室简单检测中,并使实验结果有效。 译:Computers also began to be used in laboratories in simple testing and for making results available. 2. 医学专家早已发现,预防能够促进人类健康水平的提高。译:The medical profession has been aware for a long time that polulation health is improved by prevention. 3. 哈肯(Harken)医生研发了一种新技术,使他能够在一九跳动的心脏上开刀。 译:Dr Harken developed a technique that enabled him to cut into the wall of a still beating heart and successfully remove it. 4. 用来控制这种病的首次尝试是一种叫天花接种的技术。译:The first attempts to control the disease used a technique known as variolation. 5. 自主神经药理学是研究化学药品及药物在自主神经系统上起的作用。 译:There is autonomic pharmacology, which is the study of the effect of chemical and drugs on the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. 6. Parmacology as a scientific discipline dates from the mid-1800s, but its development has taken place over centuries. 译:药理学作为一门科学课程,起源于19世纪中叶,但是他的发展已经经历了好几个世纪。 7. This means that X-rays, which technologically can be accessed from anywhere in the world, may remain inaccessible to a doctor in a neighboring hospital.

相关文档