英语词法专题讲座十:情态动词
一.情态动词的用法
1. can 用法
1)表示能力,与be able to同义,但can只用于现在时和过去时,be able to可用于各种时态。
Two eyes can see more than one.
注:Can you … ? Yes, I can / No, I can’t.
2). 表示允许、请求
用could比can 语气更加委婉客气,常用于could I /you …..? 句型中,若表示同意时,用can回答而不用could.
Could I borrow the book ? No, you can’t.
3). 表示推测“可能”常用于否定句或疑问句中。(can’t表示一定不是)
It can’t be true.
Can it be true?
2. may 用法
1)表允许,请求= can
表示许可或征求对方的许可,常于第一人称连用。
注:May I ….? Yes, you may. No, you can’t / mustn’t.
在回答以may引起的问句时,多避免用这个词,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly.
2)表推测,可能、也许。常用于肯定句中。
Maybe he knows the news. =
He _____ _____ the news.
3. must
1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。
We must do everything step by step.
注:Must I ….? Yes, you must / No, you needn’t (don’t have to ).
--Must we hand in our exercise—books now?
--No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2)mustn’t 表禁止、不允许。
You mustn’t talk to her like that.
3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中must改为can.
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
注:must表推测时,其反义疑问句与must后面的动词一致。
There must be something wrong, ____ ____?
4. need的用法
need既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。
1). 用作情态动词,用于否定句和疑问句中。
a). Need I ….? Yes, you must / No, you needn’t .
Need we finish the work today ? Yes you __?
A. need
B. can
C. may
D. must
b). need + do sth . 变否定句:needn’t do sth
变疑问句:Need sb do sth ?
2). 用作实义动词
a). need + to do sth . We need _______(buy) some school things .
变否定句:don’t /doesn’t /didn’t +need to do sth .
变疑问句:Do / Does /Did sb + need to sth ?
Yes , … do/ does / did No, sb don’t / doesn’t /didn’t.
You don’t need to do it yourself.
b). 当主语是物时。Sth + need + doing sth = Sth +need to be done .
The table needs painting. =The table needs _____ _____ _____ .
5. had better 的用法
1). had better + 动词原形 = It’s best to do sth.
You had better ______ (stay )at home. = _____ ______ ______ stay at home.
2). Had better not +动词原形
We had better ________(not play ) the computer games.
6. must 与have to
1). 一般情况下,两者可互换。 must = have to
2). must “必须,应该”表示说话人的主观看法,即说话人认为必须干某事。
(内在原因)
have to “必须,不得不”强调客观需要,即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。(外界原因)
I can’t stop playing the computer games. For your health, I’m afraid you ______.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. had to
二.情态动词后跟完成式和进行式的用法
1. 情态动词后跟完成式,表“原本应该干某事,而实际上没干”
I should have finished the work earlier.
He isn’t here. He must have missed the train.
2. 情态动词后跟进行式,表示“想必正在……”,“可能正在……”,“应当正在”等意。It’s twelve o’clock. They must be having lunch.
They may be discussing this problem.
He can’t be telling the truth.
She shouldn’t be working like that. She’s still so weak.
三.情态动词的同义转换.
1. can = be able to
2. must = have to
3. needn’t = don’t have to
4. need do sth = need to do sth .
高中英语语法练习-情态动词 一、基础练习 1.He ___ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't 2. I _____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't 3. This cake is very sweet. You ____ a lot of sugar in it. A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put 4. He paid for a seat, when he ____ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 5. I was on the highway when his car went past followed by a police car. They ____ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 6. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? — Something __________ to him. A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 7. - Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere. - Well. He _______ have gone far-his coat is still here. A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. wouldn't 8. -Lucy doesn't mind lending you her dictionary. - She __________. I've already borrowed one. A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't 9. - Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. - Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn't do B. needn't have done C. mustn't do D. shouldn't have done 10. There________ be any difficulty in passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustn't B. shan't C. shouldn't D. needn't 11. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. -Oh, dear! She ________ a lot of difficulties! A. may go though B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone though 12. -I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake. -It ______ Harry's. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be 13. Helen _______ go on the trip with us, but she isn't quite sure yet. A. shall B. must C. may D. can 14. If I ________ plan to do anything I wanted to, I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30 分) 第一节(共 5 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分 7.5 分) 请听下面 5 段对话,选出最佳选项。 1.What are the two speakers going to buy? A. Bread. B. Cheese. C. Eggs. 2.How does the woman find the fish? A. Just so-so. B. Bad. C. Quite good. 3.What does the woman mean? A. Mark should go on with the game. B. Mark should draw pictures on the computer. C. Mark should review his lessons. 4.Where does the conversation take place? A. In the bookstore. B. In the library. C. In the classroom. 5.Why doesn’ t Jane eat her chocolate cake? A. She doesn ’ t like chocolate. B. She has trouble with her tooth. C. She has no tooth. 第二节(共 15 小题 ; 每小题 1.5 分,满分 22.5 分) 请听下面 5 段对话或独白,选出最佳选项。 请听第 6 段材料,回答第6、7 题。 6.In which department can this conversation most probably take place? A. Shoe Department. B. Clothing Department. C. Jewelry Department. 7.What could be the reason if the woman does not buy the overcoat? A. The color. B. The size. C. The price. 请听第 7 段材料,回答第 8 至 10 题。 8.What can the woman be? A. A waitress at a hotel. B. The secretary of Mr. Black. C. The assistant of Professor Green. 9.How could the man get in touch with Mr. Green? A.Ask the woman to find the Blackwood Hotel. B.Dial 809.
高中英语情态动词精讲与解析 概说 助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词有十三个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能: 1)构成否定式: He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2)构成疑问式或附加疑问式: Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3)构成修辞倒装: Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4)代替限定动词词组: A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do. 情态助动词的特征 基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想: What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义) I am afraid I must be going. (一定要) You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经) 除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征: 1)除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought
情态动词 1.can / could a.表示能力 He can speak a little Japanese in addition to English. Man cannot live without air. Can you finish this work tonight? b.表示许可 You can(not) have the book. Can I use your
phone? could也可表示请求,语气更委婉,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语应用can (即:could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中),如: --Could l come to see you tomorrow morning7 --Yes,you can.(否定答语可用No,I'm afraid not.) Could you please …? Could I use your
dictionary? --- Yes, you can. c. 有时候会 He is a bad-tempered fellow, but sometimes he can be charming. They can be very valuable. d. 在否定句和疑问句中表示猜测(can’t不可能) Someone is knocking. Who can it be? It can’t be Mr. Li. Because he is away on business.不
可能,肯定不 It can’t have rained last night, for it is dry outside. e. 与possibly 连用; 用于as…as one can Can/could sb. possibly Can he possibly come? What on earth can she possibly mean? I will come back as soon as I can. Sb. can't/couldn't possibly 某人不可能 I can't possibly allow you
高中英语情态动词经典习题(含答案) 一、单项选择情态动词 1.-- Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. ---Thanks. You _______ it. I could manage it myself. A.needn’t do B.shouldn’t have done C.mustn’t do D.needn’t have done 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意: ---凯瑟琳,我已经为你打扫了房间。 - - -谢谢。你本不必这么做的。我自己能行。A. needn’t do不必做某事;B. shouldn’t have done本不应该做某事; C. mustn’t do禁止做某事;D. needn’t have done本不必做某事。由“Thanks. I could manage it myself”可知,needn’t have done“ 本不必做某事,而实际上做了某事”符合句意。故选D 项。 2.Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A.need have practised B.might practise C.must have practised D.could practise 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。 3.It is really cold and the ground is wet; it ________ have rained last night. A.might B.must C.can D.should 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意:天气很冷而且地面是湿的,昨晚一定下了雨。根据上文the ground is wet可知,“昨晚下了雨”是肯定的,故用must have done“必定做了……”表示对过去十分有把握的推测,故选B。 【点睛】 must have done用法辨析 must have done:表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测,推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过(存在过)。 He must have been a doctor, for he knows medicine so well. 他过去肯定是一位医生,他对医学如此了解。 Somebody must have stolen the ring. 肯定有人偷了这枚戒指. [该句所推断的偷窃动作发生在
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 三个选项中 选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有 10秒钟的时 间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will Lucy do at 11:30 tomorrow? A. Go out for lun ch. B. See her den tist. C. Visit a friend. 2. What is the weather like now? A. It ' s unny. B. It ' fainy. 3. Why does the man talk to Dr. Simpso n? A. To make an apology. B. To ask for help. 4. How will the woman get back from the railway station? 7. What will the man do? A. Work on a project. B. See Linda in the library. C. Meet with Professor Smith. Test 9.mp3 第一节 高考英语听力测试题(含原文和 MP3) C. It ' c loudy. C. To discuss his studies. A. By train. B. By car. 5. What does Jenny decide to do first? A. Look for a job. B. Go on a trip. 第二节 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6. What time is it now? A. 1:45. B. 2:10. C. By bus. C. Get an assista nt. C. 2:15.
我国中学生英语写作中情态动词CAN、SHOULD和WILL使用情况的研究 [摘要] 本研究借助语料库相关工具,通过对比中、美两国中学生情态动词的使用情况发现,中国中学生英语写作中总体上过多使用了情态动词CAN、SHOULD和WILL。随着成绩的提高,中国中学生在三个情态动词的使用频率上与美国中学生存在差异,呈现出不同的特点。这些现象反映出我国高中生在英语学习中存在的问题,如母语对英语学习的干扰、语体意识的欠缺、写作句式单调等。针对这些问题本研究对高中英语教学提出了针对性的建议。 [关键词] 英语写作;情态动词;CAN;SHOULD;WILL 一、引言 情态动词是英语动词系统中的一个重要组成部分,用来表示说话者对所说动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想(章振邦,1986)。情态动词的形态虽然简单,但是其语义、语用等方面却极为复杂。正如Palmer(1979)所说,情态动词是英语语法系统中最难但同时也是最重要的语法项之一。 国内外学者对于情态动词做了大量的研究,但这些研究多是从理论层面上进行的。语料库语言学的迅速发展为人们研究情态动词提供了新的研究工具和思路,通过运用语料库及相关软件,人们对情态动词的研究从理论层面逐渐转向了大规模的实证研究,尤其是针对本族语者和二语或外语学习者之间情态动词使用的对比研究。 国内一些学者使用语料库及其相关软件对我国英语学习者情态动词的使用情况进行了研究,他们发现,我国英语学习者与英语本族语者在情态动词的使用频率上存在明显差异,在某些情态动词上存在超用、少用或者误用等情况(马刚、吕晓娟,2007;程晓堂、裘晶,2007)。但是这些研究有两点遗憾:一是研究使用的中国学习者语料库与本族语者语料库话题、语体等不一致,这有可能导致其研究结果出现偏差;二是研究的对象基本上都是我国的大学生,到现在为止国内很少有学者对我国高中生情态动词的使用情况做定量的统计与研究。鉴于此,笔者建立了作文话题一致的中国中学生英语写作语料库与美国中学生英语写作语料库,希望通过对两个语料库的对比研究发现我国高中生在情态动词使用上存在的问题,以期为我国的高中英语教学提供借鉴。 Biber et al(1999)将英语情态动词分为三类:核心情态动词(can、could、may、might、must、shall、should、will、would)、边缘情态动词(dare、need、ought to、used to)和半情态动词(have to、had better、have got to、be supposed to、be going to)。有研究(马刚、吕晓娟,2007)表明:我国英语学习者与英
(英语)高一英语情态动词解题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择情态动词 1.—It’s so hot and uncomfortable here! Why are your windows still closed? —Oh, I’m not to blame. They ________ open. A.shan’t B.mustn’t C.won’t D.wouldn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意:---这里又热又不舒服!你的窗户怎么还关着? ---哦,不该责备我啊。窗户打不开了。shan’t= shall not意为“不可, 不应”;mustn’t=must not意为“不要”;wouldn't=would not 意为“不会,不愿意”。won’t=will not意为“不会, 不能”, will在这里表示能力、功能。例如:This auditorium will seat one thousand people. 这个礼堂能容纳一千人。这句话意思是“这扇窗不能打开”,故选C项。 2.—What’s wrong with you? —Oh, I am sick. I ________ so much ice cream just now. A.shouldn’t eat B.mustn’t eat C.couldn’t have eaten D.shouldn’t have eaten 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意:——你怎么了?——我生病了,我刚才不应该吃那么多冰激凌。A. shouldn’t eat不应该吃;B. mustn’t eat禁止吃;C. couldn’t have eaten不可能吃;D. shouldn’t hav e eaten本来不应该吃。根据just now可知,是发生在过去,故选D。 3.No student ________ go out of school to have lunch without permission of the headteacher. A.might B.must C.shall D.could 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意:未经校长允许,任何学生不得离开学校去吃午饭。might可能;must一定,必须;shall会,将;could能够。本句是一条禁令。shall用于肯定句并且主语是第一、三人称时,表示允诺,警告,劝告等语气。故选C。 4.Mark ______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 【答案】A 【解析】
高一英语听力 教师:闫芳 听力使用说明 1.每周一次练习,每月(第四周)一次测试。 2.练习的听力内容比较短,并且只有一遍,但形式多样。同学们可以反复收听和练习,必要时可以参看原文,务必做到全部听懂。 3.听力必须经常练习,切不可有“三天打鱼,两天晒网”的不良习惯。 4.有时我们会穿插上听力练习的讲解和技巧。 5.新教材在高一阶段非常强调听说,因此教材配套有很多听力练习。网校听力练习所起的是补充和扩展的作用,不能完全代替日常授课中的听力部分。 Ⅰ.听下列5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选出最佳答案。 1. What are the two speakers talking about? A. Driving in England. B. How to drive a car. C. The right to drive a car in England. 2. What will the woman do this evening? A. Meet her mum at the airport. B. Say good-bye to her mum at the airport. C. Fly to another city together with her mum. 3. Why didn’t the woman enjoy the dance party? A. She didn’t have the c hance of seeing Eric. B. She didn’t like Eric. C. She wasn’t invited to dance with Eric. 4. How much are the orange? A. 6 cents a pound. B. 16 cents a pound. C. 60 cents a pound. 5. What is the man going to do? A. Run to the airport. B. Run to catch the bus. C. Wait for another bus. Ⅱ.听句子,选出正确的答语或于你所听到的句子意思最相近的意向。 1. A. I prefer English. B. I like maths best. C. Yes, I like English best. 2. A. The city was not as good as I had thought. B. The map of the city was better than I had thought. C. The map of the city was so bad that I didn’t like it. 3. A. Yes, I like them. B. I’d like to C. I like apples better. 4. A. I’m not fond of cooking. B. I like to cook for you all.
情态动词专项练习(一) 1. I __________ you, because I thought I must be wrong. A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not asking D. dare to not ask 2. There __________ some flowers in the garden. A. were used to be B. used to be C. uses to be D. used to be having 3. ―__________ I take it out?‖―I′m sorry, you __________.‖ A. Could …couldn′t B. Might…might not C. Could…can D. May…can′t 4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You __________ hurt yourself. A. may B. might C. will D. might have 5. You __________ those letters. Why didn′t you ? A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post. 6. All the lights are on, the Smiths __________ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get 7. He __________ lead a horse to the water but he __________ not make it drink. A. will…can B. may…can C. may…dares D. dare…can 8. ―Need we do this job now?‖―Yes,__________.‖ A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can 9. __________ to have lunch with us today? A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked 10. He said that you __________ watch TV all the evening if you wished. A. may B. must C. can D. might 11. –Is John coming by train? --He should, but he __________ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may 12. Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn′t very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. will 13. Michael __________ be a policeman, for he′s much too short. A. needn′t B. can′t C. shouldn′t D. won′t 14. I thought you __________ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. A. may B. might C. can D. could 15. I wonder how he __________ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say 16. Come on! We __________ hurry because there isn′t much time left. A. may B. must C. can D. need 17. Amy did best in the English test. She __________ hard last week. A. must have working B. should have worked C. should work D. must work 18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 19. –--I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh, did you? You __________ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 20. It′s nearly seven o′clock. Jack __________ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can 专项练习(二) 1. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea. A. must B. should C. need D. would
情态动词(完整版) 一、单项选择情态动词 1.You ________ give me a lift. I want to walk home for exercise. A.needn’t B.couldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词。句意:你不必让我搭车。我想步行回家锻炼身体。A. needn’t不必;B. couldn’t不能;C. can’t不会;D. mustn’t禁止,不允许。根据I want to walk home for exercise.可知,你不必让我搭车。故选A。 考点:考查情态动词 2.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they __________to our help. A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had come 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:本句考查的是一个含蓄的虚拟条件句,句中的or相当于if they had not gone abroad.因为前面句中使用的是were,说明这个虚拟语气是与过去事实相反,所以主句中使用的是“情态动词+have done”的形式。句意:当我们在做调查的那几个月里,他们一直在国外,否则的话他们早就来帮助我们了。故A正确。 3.The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm. A.should have avoided B.should be avoided C.could have avoided D.could have been avoided 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查“情态动词+完成式”。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。could have done“本来能做而没有做”,且句子主语The accident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为D。 【点睛】 情态动词+ have done结构: 1.“mus t + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句。如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. 2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用
高中英语情态动词练习 1、Many a time,the Chinese government urged that American government stop selling advanced weapons to Taiwan,but it__________ listen,__________Sino-US relations. A. won’t;damaging B. wouldn’t;damaging C. shouldn’t; to damage D. wouldn’t:to damage 2、it have been the failure to pick up directions from the ground control that caused the air crash? A. Must B. Could C. Would D. Should 3、— Look! It’s raining again. — Why _____ it rain on Sundays? We are always staying inside! What a nuisance! A.need B.must C.does D.should 4、 ---Why ______ you stay in the countryside, where it is not convenient to go shopping? ---- But I’ve found it rather valuable for my health. A .can B. must C. may D. shall 5、一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.” A.will B. may C. shall D.must 6、—Have you checked the engine? —Yes, I did twice; there be anything wrong with the car. A. won’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 7、The doctor recomm ended that you swim after eating a large meal. A.wouldn’t B.couldn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 8、His failure in the exam suggested that he _______ the teacher's instructions. A. can't have followed B. needn't have followed C. mustn't have followed D. shouldn't have followed 9、The missing children haven’t been found yet. Something terrible ________ to them. A. may happen B. should have happened C. must happen D. might have happened 10、I don't know how he _______that I'm lazy , _______he's been in bed all day. A. dare to say , that B. dares say , while C. dare say , as D. dares to say, when 11、— You didn’t wait for Elizabeth last night, did you? — Yes, but we ______. She didn’t come at all. A. don’t have to B.needn’t have C. need to D. should have 12、I’m glad that you have managed to come, but you _____ have brought wine.We’ve got plenty. A wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 13、The school rules state that no child ____________ be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. A. could B. shall C. might D. should 14、The famous writer often says that he ________ so much without the support and encouragement from his wife. A. shouldn’t achieve B. shouldn’t have achieved C. couldn’t achieve D. couldn’t have achieved 15、—Did you lock the door?—No, I ____, but I forgot. A. should B. must have C. must D. should have 16、 ----Who’s the man giving the speech?
高中英语情态动词详解 1. 表示请求和允许: can,could ,may,might. 过去式使语气更委婉,答语应用原形。 --- Could I use your computer tomorrow morning? --- Yes,you can.( 否定回答可用:No,I’m afraid not.) 1)can表示理论上的可能性,指某事或情况可能发生,但并不说明实际上真的发生. Children can be very tiring. 2)对现在事情的推测:情态动词+do 对过去事情的推测:情态动词+have done 对已完成事情的推测:情态动词+have done 3)反意问句: He may know the plan,doesn’t he? You must have studied English before,haven’t you? You can’ t have been caught in the rain last night,were you? 3.can & be able to 在肯定句中can表示有“能力”做,be able to表示通过想办法/努力等而能够做成了某一件事,相当于managed to do…或succeeded in doing sth. Birds can fly. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 4. may / might as well do sth“还是…好”、“不妨” You might as well tell me the truth. 你还是把真相告诉我的好。 5. must和have to 1) must表示的是说话人的主观看法,而have to强调客观需要。 2)否定形式含义不同。mustn’t禁止,不许可,don’t have to不必 3) must 偏要(做令人不快的事)eg. Must you shout so loudly? 6. shall和should 1)表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示,用于第一、三人称。 When shall my father be able to leave hospital? Shall2) 用于第一、三人称2) 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁以及说话人的决心。 You shall go with me (命令)/ You shall have the book when I finish it.33(允诺) He shall be punished (威胁)/ Nothing shall stop me from doing it. (决心)
情态动词will与would的用法 一、情态动词will的用法归纳 1. will“惯于,老是,总是”表示主语的习惯性,倾向性,经常性,必然性,不可避免性。(will 用于一般的习惯,would 用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动)如:People will talk.人总会说闲话。 Boys will be boys.男孩终究是男孩。(倾向性) Water will boil at 100℃. 水在100℃时沸腾。 Jealousy will spoil friendship.嫉妒会破坏友谊。 Accidents will happen.(不可避免性) I’ve lost my keys _____that would happen!我把钥匙丢了---这种情况老是发生!Sometimes he will wander in the hills all afternoon 有时他会整个下午在山里漫游(现在习惯) Every morning he will have a walk along this river. If today is Monday, tomorrow will be Tuesday.(必然性) The young man will sit there for hours doing nothing. 那个年轻人常几个小时坐在那儿无所事事。(现在习惯) The young man would sit there for hours doing nothing. 那个年轻人常几个小时坐在那儿无所事事。(过去习惯) He will often read deep into the night.他会读书到深夜。(现在习惯) He would often read deep into the night.他会读书到深夜。(过去习惯) ﹡Sh e __________ listen to records, alone in her room for hours. We just won’t interrupt her, for we know this is her usual way to stay in peace. A. might B. must C. will D. should 【解析】答案为C。will作为情态动词有一个很重要的用法,就是表示习惯性动作,此句翻译成:她常常独自一人在房间里听唱片,一听就好几个小时。注意:will在这里不是表示“将来”。 ﹡Only in summer ___________. A. will the ice melt B. the ice will melt C. the ice can melt D. the ice melts 【解析】答案为A。当表示某些根据自然规律必定会发生的事情时,常常使用这种表达,如If the pure water is heated to 100℃, it will boil. 如果纯净的水加热至100℃,它就会沸腾。will的这种用法经常会出现在科技英语中。上题由于将“only in summer”置于句首,所以要使用倒装结构。 2. will“愿、要,会”表示意志、意愿,决心,诺言等。例如: I have made up my mind to go and I will. (意志) We will fight on until final victory is won. I will do my best to help you.(意愿)