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两会热词英汉对照

2010.3.5


农村留守人口
弱势群体
“工资收入差距”
车牌摇号
中等收入陷阱”
公立医院改革
医疗纠纷
社保体系
限购
可入肺颗粒物
环境事故
默片
理财产品
影子贷款


默片silent movie(Hollywood showed some love for its history at the Oscars on Sunday, giving its best film award and four others to silent movie "The Artist" in a ceremony that recalled why cinema is special to so many people.
周日举行的奥斯卡颁奖典礼重温了电影对于许多人的特殊意义,好莱坞表现出了对其历史的钟爱,将最佳影片奖和其他四个奖项给了黑白默片《艺术家》。) (2012-03-02)

农村留守人口 rural left-behind population (2012-03-01)

理财产品 wealth investment product
(The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC), the nation's banking regulator, on Oct 9 unveiled new measures to improve regulations over banks' wealth investment products.中国银行监管机构银监会本月9日公布了新措施,来加强银行理财产品的监管。) (2012-02-29)

影子贷款 shadow loans
(Wang Haifeng, director of the International Cooperation Center affiliated to the National Development and Reform Commission, said many of the enterprises on the delta are involved in shadow loans or real estate businesses that they had trouble financing.
国家发改委下属的国际合作中心主任王海峰说,珠江三角洲的许多企业都牵涉影子贷款或陷入房地产融资困境。) (2012-02-28)


弱势群体 vulnerable groups

[ 2010-11-30 10:18 ]

在网络的广泛传播下,网络民意表达,已经成为一股影响社会舆论的重要力量,在很大程度上表达了弱势群体的诉求。最新报告指出,互联网已成为中国公民表达诉求、抒发己见、监督权利、建言献策的重要途径,网络舆论已达到任何机构无法忽视的地步。
请看《中国日报》的报道:
"Also, public attitude is inclined to sympathize with vulnerable groups," Xie said, adding that public opinion would eventually influence public policy.
上海发展战略研究所谢耘耕说:“而且,公众态度倾向于同情弱势群体。”他补充说,舆论将最终影响国家政策。
文中的vulnerable groups就是指“弱势群体”,也可译为disadvangtaged groups。它在形式上是一个虚拟群体,是社会中一些生活困难、能力不足或被边缘化、受到社会排斥的散落的人的概称Vulnerable指的是“(身体上或感情上)脆弱的,易受…伤害的,比如:The girl was vulnerable after her boyfriend left her.(男友离开她后,这个女孩很脆弱。)
报告指出,cyber opinions/public opinion on the Internet(网络民意)很多时候可以直接或间接推动事件进展和矛盾解决,有助于克服决策过程中的information asymmetry(信息不对称)等难题。这里的cyber opinion(网络民意

)就是借助或通过网络这一信息平台所反映出的社会公众思想、舆论的趋向和导向。可以说,cyber opinion就是现实生活中民众对某一事件或观点的看法和意见。



“工资收入差距”扩大 gap in wages

根据北京市社科院最新发布的蓝皮书,北京市职工的工资收入差距在三年之内扩大了1.3万元。调查表明,2009年全市普通职工人均年工资收入2.68万元,合月均2233元;接近70%的普通职工年工资收入低于3万元,不足1.2万元/年的职工约为2.8%,超4万元的仅14.2%。
请看《中国日报》的报道:
The blue book shows the average yearly income was 26,800 yuan in 2009, equivalent to 2,233 yuan a month. The figures do not include bonuses, overtime payments or social security contributions, unlike those released by the Beijing Bureau of Statistics last July that set the average wage at 48,444 yuan.
蓝皮书显示,2009年北京职工平均年收入为2.68万元,合月均2233元。和北京市统计局去年7月发布的平均年工资收入(4.84万元)不同,这一数据不包括奖金、加班费或社会保障缴款。
一个普通职工的收入中,除了工资外,还有bonus(奖金)、overtime payments(加班费)、subsidies(补贴)等等。蓝皮书指出当前北京职工的gap in work wages(工资收入差距)还在不断扩大中。英文中常用来表达“收入差距”的短语有income divide和income disparity,其中后者着重强调“因不公平对待而产生的差距”。
然而,困扰普通职工的除了低工资外,还有consumer price index(CPI,消费物价指数)的攀升和高房价。许多职工必须cut back on meals and clothes(节衣缩食)才能支付housing loan repayments(房贷)。此外,蓝皮书显示,北京的housing space per capita(人均居住面积)只相当于纽约、东京、伦敦等城市的一半。


车牌摇号 license-plate lottery
[ 2010-12-27 13:57 ]

交通拥堵,已经成为北京市的“顽疾”。虽然道路一直在新建扩建,但仍出现路修到哪儿,车就堵到哪儿的窘况。其中一个重要原因就是汽车保有量快速增长。近日北京治堵出狠招,今后买车上牌需摇号。
请看《中国日报》的报道:
Starting on Friday, car registration will be allocated by a license-plate lottery system.
从周五(12月24日)开始,车辆登记将采用车牌摇号的方式进行。
文中的license-plate lottery就是指“车牌摇号”,今后买车需要先提出摇号申请,获取申请码,确认有效后可获得摇号机会。购买机动车都须进行car/vehicle registration(车辆登记)。此次政策推出后,也有不少人担心会推热对license-plate(车牌)的炒作。此次车市“限购”,引发了一股buying spree(抢购风)。据称各大4S店在新政出台前销量都出现数倍增长。
Lottery

原意是指“抽彩给奖法”,比如体育领域的football lottery(足彩),lottery industry就是“博彩业、彩票业”。彩票发行常用来为福利机构募资,这种彩票叫作welfare lottery(福利彩票),例如在上海世博会期间就发行了Expo-themed welfare lottery(世博主题福利彩票)。



什么是“中等收入陷阱”middle income trap

[ 2011-04-12 08:56 ]

2010年中国人均国内生产总值(GDP)超过4000美元,达到了世界银行中等偏上收入国家的标准。分析人士认为,力避一些发展中国家曾遭遇的“中等收入陷阱”,解决经济高速增长带来的潜在风险,已成为未来中国经济发展面临的重大课题。
请看新华社的报道:
Countries, including Argentina, the Philippines and Malaysia, have been stuck in this type of dilemma when heading toward becoming high income nations, a situation the World Bank refers to as "middle income trap."
阿根廷、菲律宾、马来西亚等国在迈向高等收入国家的道路上都曾陷入这种两难境地,世行称之为“中等收入陷阱”。
文中的middle income trap就是指“中等收入陷阱”,是指当一个国家的人均收入达到中等水平,由于不能顺利实现经济发展方式的转变,导致经济增长动力不足,最终出现经济停滞的一种状态。
Trap在这里用来形容难以逃脱的困境、牢笼。比如death trap(危险场所)、poverty trap(贫困陷阱)、speed trap(汽车超速监视区)、tourist trap(旅游陷阱,如敲诈游客的旅店或商品)等等。目前,有经济学家认为,全球货币体系已经掉进dollar trap(美元陷阱)。
自改革开放以来,我国经济发展一直保持strong momentum(强劲势头),然而这种galloping economy(飞速发展的经济)也伴随着一些负面问题,比如wide income inequality(收入差距增大)、high environmental costs(较高的环境代价)、inadequate domestic spending(国内消费不足)等等。专家分析认为,将中国的经济发展模式转变为sustainable pattern(可持续发展模式)是避免这一问题的关键。



公立医院改革 public hospital reform

[ 2010-02-05 09:25 ]

2010年首个政策事件出台:国务院原则通过了公立医院改革试点的指导意见,决定按照先行试点、逐步推开的原则,并逐步取消药品加成。
请看新华社的报道:
China has decided to start public hospital reform with pilot programs in selected cities or districts in each province, autonomous region and municipality, according to a cabinet guideline passed Wednesday.
国务院本周三出台的指导意见提出,我国已决定在各省、自治区、直辖市中选取部分城市或辖区率先进行公立医院改革试点。
文中的public hospital reform就是指“公立医院改革”,其中的public hospital就是指“公立

医院”,与之对应的则是private hospital(私营医院)。此次实行的改革是一次pilot program(试点项目),将极大改进medical service system(医疗服务体系),改善doctor-patient relationship(医患关系)。
此次改革后,医院将逐步取消profiting from drugs(药品加成)。在职职工一般都参加了basic medical insurance(基本医疗保险),农村也已建立了new type of rural cooperative medical care system(新型农村合作医疗制度)。去年,我国还公布了essential medicines list(基本药物清单),对部分药品进行限价。在医疗机构中,illegal medical practice(非法行医)将受到严惩。



医疗纠纷 medical disputes
北京同仁医院一位颇受尊敬的耳鼻咽喉科医生,竟然被她施治的病人暴力砍杀,其恶劣程度,令人发指。让人难过的是,在此事件之前,已经连续发生多起“血溅白衣”的事件,医患矛盾亟待解决,悲剧不该重演。
请看《中国日报》的报道:
Currently the courts decide medical disputes based on the assessment of appointed health officials. But the assessments seldom indicate who made the conclusion or how it was arrived at, so patients are not convinced.
目前,法院裁决医疗纠纷是根据指定医疗机构的鉴定,但这些鉴定很少能指明是谁做出的结论,或者是怎么达成的,所以病人并不信服。
文中的medical dispute就是指“医疗纠纷”。同仁医院院方指出,这起事件应属criminal case (刑事案件)。近年来,tensions between doctors and patients(医患矛盾)引发的暴力事件频发,应引起足够重视。
除了医患外,员工和老板之间还常发生labor dispute(劳资纠纷),两国间的trade dispute/rows(贸易纠纷)经常是由trade protectionism(贸易保护主义)引发。为了解决公交乘客之间因为拥挤引发的口角,北京去年还增设了dispute mediation bus(公交“纠纷调解车”)。




社保体系 social welfare system

[ 2010-11-01 10:02 ]

经过四次审议之后,全国人大常委会于10月28日下午高票通过了《社会保险法》。除了养老医保“异地漫游”外,以法律的形式确立了中国覆盖城乡全体居民的社保体系也是一大亮点。
请看新华社的报道:
China plans to invest 5.74 trillion yuan by 2020 in building an all-round social welfare system to enhance people's livelihoods, according to the China Development Research Foundation, a government think-tank.
政府智囊机构中国发展研究基金会表示,我国计划在2020年前投入5.74万亿人民币用于建设覆盖城乡的社会保障体系,提高人民的生活水平。
文中的social welfare system就是“社会保障体系”,all-round social welfare system指“覆盖城乡的社会保障体系”,也称为social security system covering both urban a

nd rural areas。其中all-round表示“全面的、多方面的”,在体育运动中也可以表示“全能”项目。
此次通过的Social Insurance Law(社会保险法)规范了对social security funds(社保基金)的使用,并决定将建立新的medical payment system(医疗支付系统),以实现医保的异地结算。
目前我国的social welfare system主要由五种社会保险构成,分别是basic endowment insurance(基本养老保险)、basic medical insurance(基本医疗保险)、employment injury insurance(工伤保险)、unemployment insurance(失业保险)和 maternity insurance(生育保险)。


限购 property-purchasing limitations

[ 2011-02-22 09:55 ]

日前,“全国最严格限购”在京出台。新政提高了外地人的购房门槛,在一定程度上提高了外地投资客进入北京楼市的门槛。
请看相关报道:
Migrant buyers blocked by tough new property policy: Millions of migrant families in Beijing will be blocked from owning their own homes under strict new regulations aimed at cooling the capital's property market.
外地购房者因严格的房产新政购房受阻:按照新出台的的“京版国八条”,北京数百万户外地户籍家庭将无法购置新房,该项新政旨在给北京的房地产市场降温。
文中的migrant buyers就是指“外地购房者”,migrant指“移居者”,这里是指户籍不在北京的购房者。楼市“限购令”的出台给市场带来不小波动,那么“限购”英文该怎么说呢?来看下面的报道:
The central government will expand property-purchasing limitations to second- and third-tier cities as it steps up efforts to cool the real estate market, a report said on Sunday.
周日有报道称,中央政府将把“限购令”范围扩大至二、三线城市,进一步为房地产市场降温。
Property-purchasing limitations就是“限购”,也称为homebuying restrictions。在second- and third-tier cities(二、三线城市)纳入限购范围前,first-tier cities(一线城市)已纷纷出台限购措施。



可入肺颗粒物 PM2.5 particulate matter

[ 2011-12-08 14:15 ]

近日,大雾笼罩华北地区,空气质量、雾霾、口罩、PM2.5再次成为了公众关注的焦点话题。12月5日,《环境空气质量标准》二次公开征求意见截止。征求意见期间收到了1500多条反馈意见,普遍赞成将PM2.5作为一般评价项目纳入空气质量标准,并根据不同地区的实际情况分步实施。
请看《中国日报》的报道:
Longtime exposure to particulate matter especially the particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) which can go directly to the alveoli of the lungs, is a major health hazard.
专家称,长时间呼吸空气中的颗粒物,特别是直径小于2.5微米的可入肺颗粒物(PM2.5)对人体健康危害很大。
文中的PM2.5就

是指“可入肺颗粒物”,PM的英文全称为particulate matter(微粒物、悬浮微粒),PM2.5就是指大气中直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物,可直接进入人体的alveoli of the lungs(肺泡),也称为“可入肺颗粒物”,它的直径还不到人头发丝粗细的1/20。PM2.5主要来自vehicle exhaust(机动车尾气尘)、燃油尘、硫酸盐、餐饮油烟尘、建筑水泥尘、煤烟尘和硝酸盐等。
PM2.5粒径小,这种fine particles(细微颗粒)富含大量的toxic and harmful substance(有毒、有害物质)且在大气中的停留时间长、输送距离远,因而对人体健康和大气环境质量的影响更大。今后,使用PM2.5 measurement(PM2.5标准)进行air quality monitoring(空气质量监测)正成为全球趋势。



环境事故 environmental accidents

龙年伊始发生的广西龙江河严重镉污染事件,威胁沿岸和下游300多万民众饮用水安全,目前仍在处置中。这是2012年第一起震惊全国的重金属污染事件,也是今年中国城市水源地的第一次告急。在频发的环境事故中,我们总能看到那条“污染之辙”,因为“重蹈者”众,而变得越来越粗粝凹陷,触目惊心。
请看《中国日报》的报道:
Last year, 542 environmental accidents were handled across the country, statistics from the Ministry of Environmental Protection showed. In a recent case in January, cadmium pollution in the upper Longjiang River posed a potential threat to the water supply in the downstream city of Liuzhou, which has 3.7 million residents.
据环保部统计,去年全国共处理542起环境事故。最近1月份在广西龙江河上游发生的镉污染事件威胁到了下游柳州市370万民众饮用水安全。
文中的environmental accidents就是指“环境事故”,cadmium pollution就是指“镉污染”。Cadimium(镉)是人体nonessential element(非必需元素),在自然界中常以chemical compound(化合物)状态存在,一般含量很低,正常环境状态下,不会影响人体健康。当环境受到镉污染后,镉可在生物体内富集,通过food chain(食物链)进入人体引起chronic toxicity(慢性中毒)。
事发后,有关部门采取措施降低污染影响,不间断向江中投放聚合氯化铝等中和物料稀释contaminated water(污染水体),力保沿岸水源安全。目前,龙江河镉污染得到控制,下游柳州市第一道防线的糯米滩电站water quality(水质)已经达标。
政府在环境保护方面,已经开展了strict monitoring measures(严格的监测措施),由illegal discharge of waste(非法排放废物)和其他污染物造成的环境事件不多,而严重的水荒和水污染才是影响可持续发展的主要bottlenecks(瓶颈)。为此,各级政府应尽全力解决pollution discharge(污染排放)问题。

SPENDING

MORE IN EDUCATION
坚持优先发展教育。中央财政已按全国财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的4%编制预算。
-- The central government has prepared its budget to meet the requirement that government spending on education accounts for 4 percent of the GDP.
加强校车安全管理,确保孩子们的人身安全。
-- The government will enhance school bus safety to ensure children's safety.
PEOPLE'S WELLBEING
千方百计扩大就业。各级政府务必坚持就业优先战略,继续实施更加积极的就业政策。
-- China will make every effort to increase employment and the government must continue to follow the strategy of giving top priority to employment.
今年年底前实现新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度全覆盖。
-- By the end of the year, the country will have achieved full coverage of the new old-age pension system for rural residents and the old-age pension system for non-working urban residents.
城镇居民医保和新农合补助标准提高到每人每年240元。
-- The government will raise subsidies for medical insurance for non-working urban residents and the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 240 yuan per person per year.
继续稳定低生育水平,综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题,提高出生人口质量。
-- It will continue to keep the birthrate low and redress gender imbalance.
继续推进保障性安居工程建设,在确保质量的前提下,基本建成500万套,新开工700万套以上。
-- It will continue to develop low-income housing, and basically complete 5 million units and start construction on over 7 million units.
SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
着力排查化解各类社会矛盾。
-- The government will work hard to resolve social conflicts.
积极稳妥推进户籍管理制度改革。
-- It will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the household registration system.
加强和改进互联网管理,营造健康的网络环境。
-- It will strengthen and improve management of the Internet and foster a healthy cyberspace environment.
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
大力发展公益性文化事业。以农村和中西部地区为重点,加强基层文化设施建设。
-- China will vigorously promote nonprofit cultural services and strengthen cultural infrastructure in communities, particularly in rural areas and the central and western regions.
KEY REFORM AREAS
进一步转变政府职能,完善宏观调控体系,理顺政府与市场的关系。
-- China will transform government functions and balance the relationship between government and the market.
深化财税金融体制改革。
-- It will advance reform of the fiscal and taxation systems.
深化土地、户籍、公共服务改革。
-- It will deepen reforms of land, household registration and public services.
推进社会事业、收入分配等改革。
-- It will carry forward reforms in s

ocial programs and income distribution.
推进依法行政和社会管理创新。
-- It will run the government in accordance with the law and promote innovation in social administration.
鼓励民间资本进入铁路、市政、金融、能源、电信、教育、医疗等领域。
-- It will encourage nongovernmental investment in railways, public utilities, finance, energy, telecommunications, education, and medical care.
OPENING-UP
保持对外贸易稳定发展。
-- The government will maintain steady growth in foreign trade.
引导外资更多投向先进制造业、高新技术产业、节能环保产业、现代服务业和中西部地区。
-- It will encourage more foreign investment in advanced manufacturing, new and high technologies, energy conservation, environmental protection, new service industries, and the central and western regions.
加强对外投资风险管理,维护我境外企业人员和资产安全。
-- It will support companies making overseas investments, strengthen risk management of overseas investments and protect the safety of employees and assets of Chinese enterprises operating overseas.
NATIONAL DEFENSE
积极开展信息化条件下军事训练。
-- China will vigorously carry out military training under information-age conditions.
坚决完成反恐维稳、处置突发事件、抢险救灾等任务。
-- China will ensure the armed forces resolutely accomplish the tasks of combating terrorism, maintaining stability, handling emergencies, and relieving disasters.
HONG KONG, MACAO, TAIWAN
全力支持香港、澳门发展经济,改善民生,推进民主。
-- The central government will fully support Hong Kong and Macao in growing their economies, improving the people' s wellbeing and promoting democracy.
新的一年,我们要继续坚持中央对台工作的大政方针,增强两岸关系发展的政治、经济、文化和民意基础,拓展两岸关系和平发展新局面。
-- In 2012, the mainland will strengthen the political, economic, and cultural foundation and public support for growing cross-Straits relations and make further progress in promoting the peaceful development.
GLOBAL RESPONSIBILITY
参与全球经济治理和区域合作。积极参与二十国集团等全球经济治理机制建设。
-- China will actively participate in building mechanisms for global economic governance such as the G20.
继续在多哈回合谈判中发挥建设性作用。
-- It will continue to play a constructive role in the Doha Round of trade talks.
我们将积极参与多边事务和全球治理,推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。
-- It will actively participate in multilateral affairs and global governance and contribute to making the international political and economic order more just and equitable.
国内生产总值增长7.5%
-- GDP will grow by 7.5 percent.
居民消费价格涨幅控制在4%左右
-- Consumer Price Index (CPI)

increase will be kept around 4 percent.
城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内
-- More than 9 million new jobs will be created in towns and cities. The registered urban unemployment rate will be kept at 4.6 percent or lower.
进出口总额增长10%左右,国际收支状况继续改善。
-- The volume of total exports and imports will increase by around 10 percent.
同时,要在产业结构调整、自主创新、节能减排等方面取得新进展,城乡居民收入实际增长和经济增长保持同步。
-- China will make further progress in industrial restructuring, innovation, energy conservation, and emissions reduction, and ensure that both urban and rural residents' real incomes increase in line with economic growth.
今年拟安排财政赤字8000亿元,赤字率下降到1.5%左右,其中中央财政赤字5500亿元,代发地方债2500亿元。
-- A deficit of 800 billion yuan is projected, a decrease to around 1.5 percent of GDP, consisting of 550 billion yuan in central government deficit and 250 billion yuan in local government bonds.
FISCAL AND MONETARY POLICIES
继续实施积极的财政政策。更加注重向民生领域倾斜。
-- China will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy. The government will increase spending on areas important to people's wellbeing.
继续实施稳健的货币政策。广义货币预期增长14%。
-- China will continue to implement a prudent monetary policy. The broad money supply is projected to increase by 14 percent.
增强人民币汇率双向浮动弹性,保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。
-- China will make the floating exchange rate regime more flexible and keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.
PRICE CONTROL
要在有效实施宏观经济政策、管好货币信贷总量、促进社会总供求基本平衡的基础上,搞好价格调控,防止物价反弹。
-- China will control prices and prevent inflation from rebounding by effectively carrying out macroeconomic policies, managing the supply of money and credit, and striving for basic equilibrium in aggregate supply and demand.
AGRICULTURE
稳定发展农业生产,多渠道增加农民收入。加快农业科技进步。加强农业农村基础设施建设。
-- Efforts will be made to increase farmers' income, support agricultural technology development, develop rural infrastructure and protect farm land.
今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排12287亿元,比上年增加1868亿元。
-- The central fiscal plans to allocate 1.23 trillion yuan for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, 186.8 billion yuan more than last year.
ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING
解决发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题,关键在于加快转变经济发展方式,推进经济结构战略性调整,这既是一个长期过程,也是当前最紧迫的任务。
-- To a

ccelerate the transformation of the economic development pattern and carry out strategic adjustment of the economic structure is both a long-term and most pressing task at present.
NUCLEAR POWER
安全高效发展核电。
-- China will safely and effectively develop nuclear power.
MONITORING PM 2.5
今年在京津冀、长三角、珠三角等重点区域以及直辖市和省会城市开展细颗粒物(PM2.5)等项目监测。
-- China will start monitoring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and other key areas as well as in municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capital cities in 2012.
2015年覆盖所有地级以上城市。
-- The monitoring will be extended to all cities at and above the prefectural level by 2015.
GOING BLUE
制定和实施海洋发展战略,促进海洋经济发展。
-- China will formulate and implement a strategy for marine development, and promote the development of the marine economy.






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