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最新中职教材《汽车专业英语》教案:(公共基础类)英语

最新中职教材《汽车专业英语》教案:(公共基础类)英语
最新中职教材《汽车专业英语》教案:(公共基础类)英语

Chapter Eight Search Information

【课题】How Search Engines Work

【教材版本】

高等教育出版社,2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.

【教学目标】

1.了解信息检索的相关知识,掌握有关词汇词组。

2.掌握信息检索相关术语的英语表达方法。

3.能查阅与资料检索有关的英文资料。

4.能借助字典翻译汽车资料检索方面的文章。

【教学重点、难点】

教学重点:专业搜索引擎等常用词汇的英文名称。

教学难点:英语构词法

【教学媒体及教学方法】

A. 语言功能意念训练

B. 围绕课文展开的讨论

C. 各抒己见:就课文引出的话题交流意见,表述个人观点。

D. 使用教材第8章第1课,播放收集的多媒体演示素材(以下素材样例是可播放的动画,可帮助学生对教学内容的理解,提高学习效率)。

【课时安排】

2课时(90分钟)

【教学建议】

通过视频、声音、动画等素材,使学生掌握专业搜索引擎的术语和英文表达。

增加阅读和学习的趣味性,尽量做到通俗易懂。

【教学过程】

一、导入(5分钟)

获得网站网页资料,能够建立数据库并提供查询的系统,我们都可以把它叫做搜索引擎。按照工作原理的不同,可以把它们分为两个基本类别:

全文搜索引擎:Full Text Search Engine 分类目录:Directory

二、新授(75分钟)

译前词语准备

search engine 搜索引擎

database 数据库

upgraded 升级

web page 网页

web site 网站

译文及评析

Search engines allow you to enter keywords that are run against a database of web documents.

搜索引擎允许你输入口令,依靠网络文献数据库而运行。

评析:最早现代意义上的搜索引擎出现于1994年7月。当时Michael Mauldin将John Leavitt的蜘蛛程序接入到其索引程序中,创建了大家现在熟知的Lycos。同年4月,斯坦福(Stanford)大学的两名博士生,David Filo和美籍华人杨致远(Gerry

Yang)共同创办了超级目录索引Yahoo,并成功地使搜索引擎的概念深入人心。从此搜索引擎进入了高速发展时期。目前,互联网上有名有姓的搜索引擎已达数百家,其检索的信息量也与从前不可同日而语。比如最近风头正劲的Google,其数据库中存放的网页已达30亿之巨!

You can get widely differing results from different search engines because of the variations in their search capabilities. Check the search tips for your chosen search engine to see how to get the best from it.

从不同的搜索引擎中你能够得到广泛的不同的结果,因为它们的搜索性能各有不同。查看你所选择的搜索引擎采用的搜索技巧,以了解怎样从中得到最佳的效果。评析:the search tip不能翻译成:“搜索小费”,应该是:“搜索技巧”。

Most search engines use relevancy ranking in producing search results. This ranks pages according to the number of times and where your search terms appear. Google ranks results according to the number of other sites which link to a page.

绝大多数搜索引擎在生成的搜索结果中使用关联排列。这种排列根据次数和你的搜索条目出现处而进行标明页数。Google排列结果依照链接到某个页面的其它地址的数量而定。

评析:term n. 学期, 期限, 期间, 条款, 条件, 术语。此处应该翻译为“搜索条目”。

In the search engine list below, Search Engine Watch provides a guide to the major search engines of the web. Why are these considered to be "major" search engines? Because they are either well-known or well-used.

在以下所列的搜索引擎中,搜索引擎看守为网络的搜索引擎提供了指南。为什么这些被认为是“主要的”搜索引擎呢?因为它们要么是知名的,要么是好用的。评析:well-是前缀,副词+过去分词:“well-known(著名的)well-developed (高度发达的);well-known (著名的);well-trained (训练有素的)。

For searchers, well-known, commercially-backed search engines generally mean more dependable results. These search engines are more likely to be well-maintained and upgraded when necessary, to keep pace with the growing web.

对搜寻者来说,知名的、有商业财政支持的搜索引擎通常意味着更多的可靠结果。必要时,这些搜索引擎更可能便于操作和升级,并与不断发展的网络并驾齐驱。评析:well-是前缀,副词+过去分词。

Examples of the major search engines include:

Google - very popular for its speed, relevance of results and uncluttered interface Alltheweb - another popular search engine: search all the web for news stories, pictures, video clips, MP3s and FTP files as well as web pages

AltaVista - one of the largest search engines on the web in terms of the number of pages indexed in its database

Yahoo! - a browsable directory of internet sites. Also incorporates a search facility powered by Google

主要的搜索引擎范例包括:

Google——以速度、结果的适当以及简洁的界面著称而非常流行。Alltheweb——另一流行的搜索引擎:在所有的网页搜索新闻故事、图片、视频剪辑、MP3和FTP文件等。

AltaVista ——在数据库内网页索引数量方面是网络上最大的搜索引擎之一。Yahoo! ——因特网站点的一个检索功能的目录。也与由Google运作的搜索工具合并。

评析:这些都是同学们十分喜爱的搜索引擎。

Specialty Search Engines

For those times when you want to find more than just web pages and web sites, some of the "specialty search engines" below will prove useful. Also called topical search engines or "vertical" search engines, they'll help you search through specific types of listings in different areas.

专业搜索引擎

当你想查找更多网页和网站时,下面的一些“专业搜索引擎”会派上用处。它们也叫做主题搜索引擎或“深度”搜索引擎,可以帮助你在不同领域特殊型式的列表范围进行彻底搜索。

Computer Search Engines

Domain Searching

Financial Search Engines

Government Search

Legal Search Engines

Mailing Lists

Medical Search Engines

Newsgroup Search

Science Search Engines

Shopping Search

Travel Search Engines

Other Specialty Services

·计算机搜索引擎

·学术领域搜索

·金融搜索引擎

·政府搜索

·法律搜索引擎

·邮件表

·医学搜索引擎

·新闻组搜索

·科学搜索引擎

·购物搜索

·旅行搜索引擎

·其它专业服务

Word study

Engine

n. 引擎, 发动机, 机车

vt. 安装发动机于

【化】发动机

【医】机器, 引擎

词形变化:

动词过去式:engined 过去分词:engined 现在分词:engining 第三人称单数:engines

例句与用法:

1. There must be something wrong with the engine of my car.

我汽车的引擎一定是出故障了。

2. I prefer to sit (ie in a railway carriage) facing the engine.

我喜欢面朝机车坐(在火车车厢里).

3. This car has a new engine.

这辆汽车的发动机是新的.

4. He lost one of the pieces of his model engine.

他的火车头模型缺了一个零件.

5. Press this button to start the engine.

按这个按钮开动引擎。

6. Those are the components of an engine.

那些是发动机的部件。

7. There was a puff of steam from the engine before it stopped.

机车喷出一股蒸气後就停了下来.

8. What's the cubic capacity of this engine?

这台发动机的立体容积是多少?

相关词组

railway engine 火车头, 机车

turbine engine 风动机,涡轮机

brake engine 制动发动机

fire-engine消防车

engine support发动机支架

engine cutoff发动机自动停车器

engine part发动机零件

Grammar: 浅谈英语构词法(一)

合成:指由两个或两个以上本身有独立含义的词合在一起组成一个有具体意义的新词的构词形式。

1. 合成形容词的常见构词形式:

⑴数词+ 名词

a five - year plan (五年计划);first-class products (一级品);second-hand goods (二手货);a four-word (四字成语)

⑵数词+ 名词+ed

a three - legged bench (三条腿的登子);a one - eyed camel (一只眼的骆驼)

⑶数词+ 名词+ 形容词

a 20-year-old lady (一位20 岁的女士);a 1,000-metre-long bridge (一座1000 米长的桥)

⑷名词+ 现在分词

peace-loving (热爱和平的);meat-eating (食肉的);English-speaking (说英语的);history-making (创造历史的)

⑸名词+ 过去分词

heart-broken (伤心的);man-made (人造的);state-owned (国有的);water-covered (被水覆盖的)

⑹形容词+ 名词+ed

absent-minded (漫不经心的);blue-eyed (蓝眼睛的);good-tempered (好脾气的);kind-hearted (和善的)

⑺形容词+ 现在分词

bad-looking (相貌丑陋的);fine-sounding (动听的);easy-going (容易相处的)

⑻形容词+ 名词

short-term (短期的);part-time (兼职的);high-class (高级的);large-scale (大规模的)

⑼副词+ 现在分词

hard-working (努力工作的);far-reaching (深远的);ever-lasting (永恒的)

⑽副词+ 过去分词

well-developed (高度发达的);well-known (著名的);well-trained (训练有素的)⑾其他构词形式的合成形容词

all-round (全面的);face-to-face (面对面的);thank-you (感谢的);out-of-date (过时的)

2. 合成名词的常见构成形式:

①名词+ 名词

silkworm (蚕);footprint (脚印);newspaper (报纸);glasshouse (温室);bedroom

(卧室)

②名词+ 动名词

handwriting (书法);sun-bathing (日光浴);sight-seeing (观光)

③形容词+ 名词

shorthand (速记);hotline (热线);blackboard (黑板)

④动名词+ 名词

waiting-room (候车室);sleeping-pill (安眠药);writing-desk (写字台);reading-room (阅览室)

⑤动词+ 名词

pickpocket (扒手);post office (邮局);playground (操场);break-water (防波堤)

⑥动词+ 副词

get-together (联欢会);break-through (突破);take-off (起飞);lookout (岗哨)

⑦副词+ 动词

downfall (垮台);overthrow (推翻);outbreak (爆发);income (收入;所得)

⑧其他构成形式的合成名词

well-being (福利);good-for-nothing (无用之人);by-product (副产品);touch-me-not (含羞草);self-improvement (自我完善);self-criticism (自我批评)

注意:合成词如果出现复数形式时通常在其后加-s 或-es ,如by-products,reading-rooms,但应特别注意:passers-by,lookers-on 等词语是在其表达该词中心含义的词上加-s 或-es .

3. 合成动词及其他合成词类:

overthrow (推翻);sleep-walk (梦游);undergo (经历);everything (一切);furthermore (而且);forever (永远);maybe (也许)

三、课堂讨论及作业(10分钟)

Ⅱ. Translate following expressions into English(将下列词组译成英语).

1、由...产生 results from

2、好用的,便于使用的 well-used

3、并驾齐驱 keep pace with

4、有财政支持的 commercially-backed

5、文件传送[输]协议 File Transfer Protocol(FTP)

6、搜索引擎 search engine

Ⅲ. Translate following sentences into English(将下列句子译成英语).

1、不同搜索引擎的搜索性能各有不同。

Search capabilities of different search engines are different.

2、搜索引擎会潜在地产生许多通信问题。

Search engines can potentially generate so much traffic.

3、搜索引擎Alltheweb可以在网上搜索新闻故事、图片、视频剪辑、MP3和FTP

文件等。

Alltheweb can search all the web for news stories, pictures, video clips, MP3s and FTP files as well as web pages.

4、当你想查找更多网页和网站时,可以使用一些“专业搜索引擎”。

For those times when you want to find more than just web pages and web sites, some of the "specialty search engines" below will prove useful.

Reading Material

·T or F.

Yahoo is highly recommended as a first stop in your hunt for whatever you are looking for.

F

Google has many strong points and is one of the Most Outstanding Search Engines.

T

Google was originally a Harvard University project by students Larry Page and Sergey Brin called BackRub.

F

By 1998, Google became the private company and remains privately held today.

T

【课题】How to Search the Web

【教材版本】

高等教育出版社,2005版中职教材《汽车专业英语》. 黄立新主编.

【教学目标】

1.了解信息检索的相关知识以及网络信息的检索,掌握有关词汇词组。

2.掌握网络信息检索相关术语的英语表达方法。

3.能借助字典翻译相关资料。

【教学重点、难点】

教学重点:专业搜索引擎等常用词汇的英文名称。

教学难点:英语构词法

【教学媒体及教学方法】

A. 语言功能意念训练

B. 围绕课文展开的讨论

C. 各抒己见:就课文引出的话题交流意见,表述个人观点。

D. 使用教材第8章第2课,播放收集的多媒体演示素材(以下素材样例是可播放的动画,可帮助学生对教学内容的理解,提高学习效率)。

【课时安排】

2课时(90分钟)

【教学建议】

通过视频、声音、动画等素材,使学生掌握专业搜索引擎的术语和英文

表达。

增加阅读和学习的趣味性,尽量做到通俗易懂。

【教学过程】

二、导入(5分钟)

模糊搜索:

如无明确搜索目标,可直接通过选择地区、行业就可以找到这两个相应条件下的业务员朋友,再通过浏览名片来查找用户。

精确搜索:

您可以在搜索框先填写想搜索人群的特征,如:姓名、职位等,再勾选地区、行业进行搜索。条件设置越多,搜索的结果越精确。当您搜索结果无满意时,建议您适当的减少条件再次搜索。

二、新授(75分钟)

译前词语准备

search tool 搜索工具

is enhanced by 提高,更好

boolean and proximity operators “布尔”和“模糊”操作

phrase 短语

wildcard 通配符

译文及评析

Using the various search tools on the web is enhanced by knowing how they were actually designed.

通过熟知搜索工具实际上是怎样设计的,可以更好地使用网络上各种各样的搜索工具。

评析:“search engine 搜索引擎”和“search tool 搜索工具”是一样的。enhance v. 提高,加强,增加,在此处不能死译“被设计提高”,应该是“更好”。

AltaVista AltaVista is the premier search engine on the web. It has the largest, most inclusive indices. It provides both simple and advanced searches, and also allow the use of boolean and proximity operators, grouping of terms by parentheses, and results ranking by keyword.

AltaVista AltaVista 是网络上首屈一指的搜索引擎。它拥有大量且绝大多数的索引。它提供简单搜索和高级搜索模式,也允许使用“布尔”和“模糊”操作,用括号进行条件分组,按关键字将结果进行排列。

评析:布尔是英国的数学家,在1847年发明了处理二值之间关系的逻辑数学计算法,包括联合、相交、相减。在图形处理操作中引用了这种逻辑运算方法以使简单的基本图形组合产生新的形体。并由二维布尔运算发展到三维图形的布尔运算。

Simple Searches

For an effective search, it is best to enter as many search terms or phrases which exactly qualify the subject.

简单搜索

为了得到有效的搜索,最好是输入较多的搜索能正确限定主题的条件或短语。评析:enter是“输入,回车”。

Phrases: To group search terms into phrases. "Abraham Lincoln" finds occurrences of the name Abraham Lincoln, capitalized in just that way. Another way to link words into phrases is to insert punctuation between them: Abraham;Lincoln; Gettysburg; Address.

短语:把搜索条件整合成短语。“亚伯拉罕·林肯”找到命名为亚伯拉罕·林肯的具体内容,利用的正是那种方法。另一种把单词链接到短语的方法是在它们中间插入标点符号:“亚伯拉罕;林肯;盖茨堡;演讲”。

评析:capitalize: [ k?'pit?laiz ] v. 以大写字母写,使...资本化,计算...的现价。

在此处不能死译“找被以大写字母写的那名字亚伯拉罕林肯的发生在正直的那样。”,应该是“利用的正是那种方法”。

Wildcards: With simple queries you are allowed to enter a wildcard character at the end of phrases which will substitute for any combination of letters. The asterisk (*) is AltaVista's wildcard character. For example, butt* will get all occurrences of butt, butts, butter, button, etc. The asterisk cannot be used at the beginning or in the middle of words.

通配符:如有简单的疑问,你可以在短语的末尾输入一个通配字符以替代各种文

字组合。星号(*)是AltaVista的通配符。例如,“butt*”可以找到所有关于“butt”的内容:butts, butter, button等等。星号不能在单词的开头或中间部分使用。

评析:通配符是一类键盘字符,包括星号“*”和问号“?”。当查找文件或文件夹时,您可以使用它来代替一个或多个真正字符。当您不知道真正字符或者不想键入完整名字时,常常使用通配符代替一个或多个字符。我们可以使用星号代替零个或多个字符。比如您想查找所有JPG图片,您可以在“查找”对话框键入“*.jpg”。“?”与“*”的区别在于:“?”不能代替多个字符,只能代替单个字符。如果您在“查找”对话框键入“?.jpg”,那么您只能找到所有文件名是一个字符的JPG图片。

Advanced Searches

The same rules for phrases, wildcards, apply to advanced queries, and in addition the use of boolean searching, proximity operators, and logical groupings with parentheses are allowed.

高级搜索

短语、通配符的相同规则也应用于高级搜索。另外,也可以使用布尔搜索、模糊操作的使用和用圆括号进行合理的分组。

评析:query n. 疑问,疑问号,质问;v. 问。在此处应该是“搜索”。

Boolean and Proximity Searching: AltaVista supports the use of the binary operators AND, OR, NEAR and the unary operator NOT. You may use the following symbols in place of the words: & (AND), | (OR), ~ (NEAR), ! (NOT). It is a very good idea to use the words rather than the symbols, since the words are easier to remember and common to other search engines. You may enter the operators in lower or upper case letters, but it is probably best to use uppercase to make them stand out from ordinary search terms and make the logic of the search more apparent. It is best to group your terms within parentheses to avoid confusion, but this is not required.

布尔和模糊搜索:

AltaVista 支持二元指令AND, OR, NEAR和一元指令NOT的使用。你可以使用以下符号来替代单词:& (AND), | (OR), ~ (NEAR), ! (NOT)。使用单词胜于使用符号,因为单词更易于记住,且通用于其它搜索引擎。你可以用大写或小写字母来输入指令,但或许使用大写会更好,那样会使它们与普通的搜索条件区分开来,并且使搜索逻辑更为明显。最好用圆括号将条件进行分组以避免混淆,但这并非必需的。

评析:rather than: conj. 宁可...也不愿(与其...倒不如,而不是)

Examples:

horses AND carriages

"Abraham Lincoln" AND "civil war"

("Abraham Lincoln") AND NOT ("civil war")

(Note: Do NOT use x NOT y, it must be x AND NOT y.

"William Shakespeare" NEAR internet

Webcrawler Webcrawler, now sponsored by America On-Line, is an outstanding search engine very much.

Lycos Since the explosion of the web, better search engines have appeared, but Lycos is still good and fast. Its strong points are its speed, ease of use, and the large size of its indices. Its weakest point is that it does not support boolean searching. Yahoo! Yahoo is not a search engine, but strictly a hierarchically arranged subject index. It has developed over a long time, the quality is very high.

例如:

·马AND马车

·“亚伯拉罕·林肯”AND “内战”

·(“亚伯拉罕·林肯”)AND NOT(“内战”)

(注意:不要使用x NOT y,必须写成x AND NOT y。)·“威廉·莎士比亚”NEAR 因特网

Webcrawler

Webcrawler,现在由“美国在线”主办,是一个非常出色的搜索引擎。Lycos

随着网络的爆炸,更好的搜索引擎已经出现,但是Lycos仍然又快又好。它的强项在于速度、使用的便捷性以及索引的巨大范围。它的弱项是不支持布尔搜索。

Yahoo!

Yahoo并不是搜索引擎,但是确实是一个等级主题索引。它已经发展了很长时间,质量很高。

Word study

search:

n. 搜寻,探究

v. 搜寻,探求,调查

词形变化:

形容词:searchable 名词:searcher 动词过去式:searched 过去分词:searched 现在分

词:searching 第三人称单数:searches

例句与用法:

1. We did a computer search for all the hyphenated words.

我们用电脑查找所有用连字符连接的词。

2. They searched the woods for the little boy.

他们在森林中搜寻到了那个小男孩。

3. Scientists are still searching for a cure to the common cold.

科学家仍在寻求治疗感冒的方法。

4. I want to search out an old school friend.

我想寻找我的一个老同学。

5. We searched (around) for hours, but couldn't find the book.

我们(各处)找了半天, 却找不到那本书.

6. Search your heart and ask if you're not equally toblame.

你扪心自问是否自己也同样要承担责任.

7. Where's the newspaper?' Search me, I haven't seen it.'

`报纸在哪儿呢?'`不知道, 我没看见.'

8. We've searched out some of your favourite recipes.

我们找出了你喜欢的几个菜谱.

Grammar: 浅谈英语构词法(二)

后缀:通常情况下,后缀不但改变词,还改变词性,常见的后缀有动词后缀、副词后缀、形容词后缀和名词后缀。

①动词后缀:

后缀含义词根派生词

-en 变得…wide (宽的)widen (加宽;变宽)

-ify 使…beauty (美)beautify (使漂亮)

-ize/ise 使…real(的)realize (实现)

②副词后缀:

后缀含义词根派生词

-ly 在…状态中happy (高兴;幸福)happily (高兴地;幸福地)

-ward 朝…方向/地方back (后)backward (向后;朝后)

③形容词后缀:

后缀含义词根派生词

-able/-ible 可…的;能…的comfort (舒服)comfortable (舒适的)

-al/-ial 属于…的;有…特点practice (练习)practical (实际的;可行的)-ed 有…特性的interest (兴趣)interested (感兴趣的)-ful 充满…的harm (伤害;损伤)harmful (有害的;致伤的)-ish 有…属性的self (自己)selfish (自私的)

-ive 有…倾向的create (创造)creative (创造性的)

④名词后缀:

后缀含义词根派生词

-ance/-ence 指行为、状态perform (表演)performance (演出;表演)-dom 指性质、状态free (自由的)freedom (自由)

-er/or 指人的身份work (工作)worker (工人)

-ess 指人的身份host (招待;主持)hostess (女主人)

-ese 表示国籍China (中国)Chinese (中国人)

-ian 指人的身份music (音乐)musician (音乐家)

三、课堂讨论及作业(10分钟)

Ⅱ. Translate following expressions into English(将下列词组译成英语).

1、长处, 优点 strong point

2、通配符 wildcard character

3、布尔检索 boolean searching

4、突出 stand out

5、在...结尾,在....末端 at the end of

6、在...初,在...开始 at the beginning of

Ⅲ. Translate following sentences into English(将下列句子译成英语).

1、使用搜索引擎时,不同的索引会有不同的结果。

Different indexing strategies have resulted in different results when using the search engines.

2、AltaVista 是网络上首屈一指的搜索引擎,提供简单搜索和高级搜索模式。

AltaVista is the premier search engine on the web, and it provides both simple and advanced searches.

3、你可以通过提供更多的严密条件使得搜索结果更精确。

The more precise you can be by offering more exact terms.

4、Lycos的强项在于速度、使用的便捷性以及索引的巨大范围。

Lycos’strong points are its speed, ease of use, and the large size of its indices.

Reading Material

·T or F.

In addition to excellent search results, you can use tabs above the search box on the Yahoo home page to seek images, Yellow Page listings or use Yahoo's excellent shopping search engine.

T

Yahoo was formerly called GoTo until late 2001.

F

Overture purchased AllTheWeb in March 2003 and acquired AltaVista in April 2003,Yahoo purchased Overture company in October 2003, so Yahoo gained all of these as from its purchase of Overture.

T

Yahoo purchased Inktomi in March 2003.

T

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