2019高考英语语法专题汇总(二)：状语从句

2019高考英语语法专题汇总（二）：状语从

句

专题二状语从句

一、时间状语从句

1、when的用法

（1）when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，有时还可表示从句动作后于主句，意为当。。。时候。

（2）when在be about to do。。。when。。。，be doing。。。when。。。，had done。。。when。。。，be on one’s way。。。when。。。，be on the point of doing。。。when。。。等结构中，作那时突然讲。

（3）when 既然、鉴于；尽管，虽然（位于主句之后）；如果

2、while的用法

（1）表示当。。。时候，引导的动作必须是延续性的。

（2）用作并列连词，表示相对关系然而。

（3）引导让步状语从句，相当于although,意为虽然，位于主句前。

（4）引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，意为只要。

3、as 的用法

（1）表示当。。。时候，强调同时发生，不指先后。

（2）说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，表示随着，表示时间的推移。

（3）表示一边。。。一边。。。。

（4）强调两个动作紧接着发生。

（5）表示虽然，尽管。

（6）其他含义正如，正像，作为，由于，因为。

4、before的用法

（1）一般意为在。。。之前。。。才，。。。就还没有。。。免得不知不觉宁可，宁愿，否则，要不然。

（2）It + will be/was + 时间段+before+一般现在时/一般过去时。在肯定句中，意为多长时间之后才；在否定句中，意为用不了多长时间就。

5、until和till

（1）与肯定句连用，必须是延续性动词。

（2）与否定句连用，必须是非延续性动词，表示直到。。。才，

在。。。之前不。。。。

注意：not until可用于强调句和倒装句

强调句：It is/was not untilthat倒装句：not until 放句首时，主句要部分倒装。

6、since的用法

（1）since后是非延续性动词，时间起点从该动作发生算起，意为做某事多久了；since后是延续性动词，时间起点从该动作结束算起，意为不做某事已有多长时间。

（2）It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时

7、表示一......就......的句型

（1）as soon as, once,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作一。。。就。。。，这类从句中，经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。

（2）on doing sth.或on one’s+名词作时间状语。

8、有些名词和副词可以起连接词的作用，引导时间状语从句。

注意：时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间，可用一般现在时态表示。但when引导名词性从句时，从句中要使用将来时。

二、地点状语从句

1、地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。

注意：where与where的区别：Where表特定的地点，而wherever 表示非特定的地点。

Wherever=to/at any place where

2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：

Where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无先行词。

三、原因状语从句

引导词：because, since,as, now that, not that, but that, seeing that, considering that, in that

注意：for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，但不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。

四、目的状语从句

引导词：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that （以便，为了），in case,for fear that,lest（以免，以防），

目的状语从句中通常有情态动词

can,could,may,might,should,would等。

注意：1、in case 还可表示万一，假如。

2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。

五、结果状语从句

引导词：so...that（如此。。。以至于。。。），such...that（如此。。。以至于。。。），so that（结果是），with the result that（所以，结果是）

注意：

（1）so...that与such...that的区别

So+形容词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词

So+形容词+a/an+单数名词such+形容词+复数名词

So+副词such+形容词+不可数名词

So many/few+复数名词

So much/little+不可数名词

（2）so that引导的目的状语从句与so that 引导的结果状语从句

目的状语从句一般使用情态动词，结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词；

结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。

（3）so...that与so...as;such...that与such...as

So...that/such...that为结果状语从句；so...as/such...as 为定语从句。

六、条件状语从句

引导词：if（如果），unless（除非），if only（只要，但愿），only if（只有），in case（万一），suppose/supposing(that)

（假设），provided/providing(that)（只要，假若），on condition that（要是，在。。。条件下），so/as long as（只要），（let's/let us)say（假设）

七、方式状语从句

引导词：as（像。。。一样，正如。。。），as if/as though（好像，宛如）

注意：1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为A对B而言正如C对D一样。

2、as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气；

若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。

八、让步状语从句

引导词：though/although/as（虽然，尽管），even if/though （即使，尽管），whether/no matter whether...or(not)

（不管。。。是否，不管是。。。还是）wh-ever/no matter wh-(无论。。。）

注意：

（1）though,although,as的区别

A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。

B、though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装；as引导的从句必须倒装；although引导的从句不能倒装。

其结构为：形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+主语+谓语

（2）though可用作副词，放在句末，意为不过，但是。Although 无此用法。

（3）某些短语也引导让步的从句或短语，意为尽管，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of（the fact that）

九、比较状语从句

引导词：as...as（和一样），not as/so...as（和不一样），than （比），the more...the more...（越越）

十、状语从句中的省略问题

1、在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be,留下其余部分。

2、若状语从句中主语是it, 动词是系动词be, 则通常可省去主语it及系动词be,留下其余部分。

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