大学英语课后习题答案
大学英语课后习题答案文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
U n i t1P e r s o n a l i t y (P14)
Post Reading
3 Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
1) Introduction (Para. 1):
Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people.
2) Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect (Para. 2-3)
People’s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.
People with high self-esteem usually act with confidence.
People with low self-esteem are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others.
3) Ways of overcoming shyness (Para. 4-15)
i) Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.
ii) Set reasonable goals.
iii) Don’t waste time and energy on destruct ive feelings such as guilt and shame.
iv) Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.
v) Do not make negative comments about yourself.
vi) Accept criticism thoughtfully.
vii) Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.
viii) Do no associate with people who make you feel inadequate.
ix) Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.
x) Practice being in social situations.
4) Conclusion (Para. 16)
The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) F 8) F 9) T
3. （略）
Vocabulary Practice
1．”Self-” is a prefix which means ‘of, to or by oneself or itself.’
Words with the prefix “self-” that appear in the text: self-conscious, self-concept, self-assurance, self-worth, self-confidence,
self-esteem, self-destructive, self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-rejection, self-confident.
1. self-conscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you)
2. self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc.; confidence in oneself)
3. self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)
4. self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests)
5. self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)
6. self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature)
7. Self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)
8. self-assurance / self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)
2. 1) B 2) I 3) L 4) A 5) H 6) D 7) E
8) N 9) J 10) M 11) C 12) F 13) G 14) K
3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome
6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance
11) detrimental12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented
4. 1) reflected 2) concerned / worried 3) profound effect / influence
4) viewed / regarded 5) sensitive 6) respond / react
7)eliminated 8) overcome my fear 9) concentrate on
10) made no comment
Translation
1. You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.
2. In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before.
3. When the right opportunity come along, he’ll take it.
4. Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.
5. I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.
6. He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.
7. In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.
8. He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.
Part Four Writing and Translation
(P 46)
2. Translation Practice
From Chinese into English
1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.
2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.
3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.
4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.
5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.
6) Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.
Unit 2 Myths and Legends
(P60)
Post Reading
3 Reading Comprehension
1. Testing Your Memory
1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.
2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.
3) He planned to go to the feast / sky with the birds.
4) They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous / cunning and ungrateful.
5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.
6) He made two wings with all the feathers he got from each bird.
7) All of you.
8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, pounded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.
9) For whom have you prepared this feast
10) Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.
11) They were very angry.
12) They took back the feathers they had lent him.
13) He asked them to take a message to his wife.
14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.
15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house and cover the ground with them so that he would be able to
land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp things instead.
16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.
2. Finding the Best Summary
Sample:
Ekwefi is telling a story about Tortoise. Long long ago, there was a famine, and the birds got an invitation from the sky to attend a feast there. Tortoise learned about it and with his sweet tongue he persuaded the birds to take him with them and so each bird lent him a feather. Tortoise cunningly thought of an idea that enabled him to have all the food by naming himself "All of you". When they reached the sky, they received a warm welcome, and soon the food was presented to them. Then he asked one of the people in the sky, "For whom have you prepared all this feast" The man replied: "For all of you." So he ate almost all the best food. The birds became very angry and took back their feathers before flying home. Without feathers, he had to jump onto the ground and his shell was broken into pieces.
3. Acting out the Story（略）
4. Taking Sides
Sample:
1) I don't admire Tortoise's cleverness. He was unwise to cheat all the birds. After his mischief, how could he have face to live together with them any longer He would have no friends at all. He was clever, but at the same time he was also stupid . When all the birds became so angry, how could he have trusted Parrot He should have jumped into the sea to avoid being hurt.
I sympathize with the birds. They took Tortoise out of kindness, but after flying such a long distance, they had to fly back home on an empty stomach. They were formally invited, but the food was eaten by Tortoise.
I think the birds were very unlucky.
2) I learned from the story that a) we should be honest, and
shouldn't cheat others. If we cheat others, we will be punished in the end; b) we shouldn't be carried away by sweet words, like the birds; c) a leopard can't change its spots, nor can Tortoise. He was cunning, he could never change his personality and behave himself.
Vocabulary Practice
1. 1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting
2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation
D. preparatory / preparation
3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered
4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approving
E. disapprove
5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently
6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/faithless C. faith D. faithfully
7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion
8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered
9) A. troublesome B. troubled C. troubled D. troubling
10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure
2. 1) got / ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have … trouble 5) trouble with 6) in serious/deep/big trouble 7) get/getting … into trouble 8) took the trouble
3. 1) with a pattern of roses
2) prepared a wonderful / good meal for us
3) promised faithfully
4) deliver this letter
5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate
6) keep out of mischief / behave themselves
7) the sound of distant thunder
8) received approval from the government
9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much
10) agree whether the drug is safe or not
Part Four Writing and Translation
(P 96)
2. Translation Practice
From English into Chinese
万物之初，天地还是一体，充满混沌。宇宙如同一个大黑蛋，盘古就在黑蛋里。一万八千年以后，盘古长睡醒来，他感到窒息，于是他拿起一把大斧子，用尽全身力量砸开黑蛋。轻的、透明的部分冉冉上升，变成了天；而冷的、混浊的物体依然在下面，变成了大地。盘古站在中间，顶天立地。天地开始以每天一丈的速度分开，盘古的身子也随着长高。一万八千年后，天更高，地更厚，盘古像一根九百万里高的柱子伫立其间，天地永远也无法再合在一起。
Unit 3 Social Probelms
(P111)
Post Reading
3 Reading Comprehension
1. What the Text Discusses
1）financial 2) career 3) later 4) guilty 5) hurt
6) resentful 7) productive 8) independence 9) responsibility
10) trusted 11) frightening 12) resentment 13) abandoned
14) factors 15) quality
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) T 2) F 3) T 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) F 8) F 9) F 10) F
3. （略）
Vocabulary Practice
1.
1). C 2) H 3) G 4) A 5) E 6) K 7) I 8) D 9) L 10) B 11) J 12) F
2．1）constantly 2) impact 3) burden 4) Candidly
5) fulfillment 6) salaried 7) resentment 8) assistance
9) perfect 10) suppress
3. 1）successfully 2) resentment 3) security 4) necessity
5) advisable 6) access / accessibility 7) athletic 8) maturity
9) emotional 10) effectively
4. Sentence-Making Game（略）
Directions: Make sentences with the words written on the board. You may use more than one word at a time. The sentence you make must be meaningful and grammatically correct. Speed and accuracy are both part of the game.
（注意掌握下列词的用法）
rise, decade, expense, financial, affect, on the other land, priority, engage, range, forbid, isolate, stimulate, express, claim, widespread, given, work out, take into consideration, in case of, secure, arise, cope with, demand, provide
Translation
1. Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.
2. How will taxes affect people with low incomes
3. My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn’t give up practicing the piano.
4. The books range in price form $10 to $20.
5. It seems to me that you don’t have much choice.
6. Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.
7. For such a big house the price is fairly cheap, but you’ve got to take into consideration the money you will spend on repairs.
8. Can we begin by discussing questions arising from the last meeting
Part Four Writing and Translation
(P 142)
2. Translation Practice
From English into Chinese
1) 孩子最好远离毒品
一个电话报警者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示了忧虑。有两人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量被使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。
2) 在逃的武装抢劫犯落入法网
四名武装抢劫犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤了一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另两名逃走的罪犯的身分。打进报警热线的一个电话准确、详细地描述了这起事件和其中一个逃走的罪犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，他被指控企图谋杀及武装抢劫。
Unit 4 Career Planning
(P158)
Post Reading
3 Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
1) Introduction
Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.
2) Students’ weaknesses in career planning (Para. 2)
i) Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.
ii) 40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.
iii) Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities.
iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.
3) Serious flaws in the ways many people make decisions (Para. 3~5)
i) complacency – ignoring challenging information
ii) defensive avoidance – resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming
iii) hypervigilance – searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily invented solutions
4) Keys to career planning (Para. 6~11)
i) Study yourself.
ii) Write your career goals down.
iii) Review your plans and your progress periodically with another person.
iv) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.
5) Changes in careers (Para. 11~13)
i) Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead.
ii) Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.
6) Conclusion (Para. 14~15)
Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.
2. Understanding Specific Information
1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) F
11) T 12) F
3. （略）
Vocabulary Practice
1. 1) acceptable 2) efficiency 3) implications 4) instability 5) rationalize
6) evaluation 7) unforeseeable 8) invention 9) hastily 10) probability
11) professional 12) challenging 13) defensive 14) personality
2. 1) in case 2) Every so often 3) resort to 4) talk over 5) start over
6) in reality 7) at stake 8) seized on 9) leading to 10) take stock of
3. 1) programs 2) way 3) technical 4) both 5) provided 6) who
7) such 8) needed 9) opportunities 10) when 11) to 12) Completion
13) holding 14) early 15) hire 16) promote 17) up 18) educating
Translation
1. 几年前他心脏动了一次大手术。(undergo)
He underwent major heart surgery several years ago.
2．我们估计完成这项工作要花一个星期。(estimate)
We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.
3．许多妇女发现从事一种职业同时又要孩子是很困难的事。(pursue)
Many women find it difficult to combine pursuing a career and having a child / children.
4．你可以爱一个人而不一定要跟他/她结婚。(necessarily)
You may love someone without necessarily wanting to marry him/ her.
5．她不接电话时我只好站在她窗外叫她。(resort to)
When she didn’t answer the telephone, I resorted to standing outside her window and calling up to her.
6．可能下雨——你最好带把伞，以防万一。(in case)
It may rain --- you’d better take an umbrella (just) in case.
7．英国要求召开最高级会议(summit)来审视世界秩序中发生的根本变化。(take stock of)
Britain has requested a summit to take stock of the fundamental changes in the world order.
8．她非常虔诚，因此对死并不惧怕。(hold)
She is very religious, so death holds no fear for her.
Part Four Writing and Translation
(P 195)
2. Translation Practice
From Chinese into English
A. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend
Applicant: Yes.
Interviewer: Is he here, in this city
Applicant: No, he is in another city.
Interviewer: Sorry, will not employ you.
Applicant: Why not
Interviewer: You would not be keeping your mind on your work. What’s more, we do not want to see our telephone bill increase enormously because of you.
B. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend
Applicant: No.
Interviewer: Have you ever dated a girl
Applicant: Yes, but she didn’t want to date me.
Interviewer: Do you want to date girls after you have a job
Applicant: I will set my mind on work first. I will not consider my marriage now.
Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.
Applicant: Why not
Interviewer: You are lacking in the ability of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Also, you lack self-confidence.
C. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend
Applicant: Yes.
Interviewer: Is she pretty
Applicant: Not quite.
Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.
Applicant: Can it be that a plain girlfriend will affect your company’s image
Interviewer: It’s not that. But our company engages in works of art. Your aesthetic judgment does not satisfy our company’s need.
D. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend
Applicant: Yes.
Interviewer: Is she pretty
Applicant: Very.
Interviewer: Is she your first love
Applicant: Yes.
Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you lack the initiative in pursuing the better unceasingly.
E. Interviewer: Is she pretty
Applicant: Yes.
Interviewer: Is she your first love
Applicant: No, I had a couple of girlfriends before.
Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you would soon job-hop.
F. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend
Applicant: Yes.
Interviewer: Is he very rich
Applicant: No.
Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because your job is to work with money. I am afraid you cannot resist the temptation.