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高考英语最后冲刺语法专题精品名词

2012届高考英语最后冲刺语法专题精品名词

模块一：考纲解读

名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。

普通名词又可分为下面四类：

1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。

2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。

3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。

4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。

模块二：考点定位

名词复数的规则和不规则变化是高考的常靠内容，不可数名词量的表示法，近义名词的辨析

和运用是近年来高考命题的一个热点。

模块三：命题分析

在英语中，名词的数量众多，意义繁杂。考生一定要注意平常名词有关知识的积累，在备考

中结合具体的语境去感悟、理解名词的辨析、名词的一词多义以及名词的习惯用法等，在高

考中做到对名词的活学活用。

模块四：语法训练

Ⅰ. 夯实基础

一. 用适当的名词填空:

1._____(中国) is famous for tea.

2.They are _______(男工人).

3.These _____(蛋糕) are sweet.

4.The ____(中国人民)are industries and brave.

5. This is _____(约翰和玛丽的) room.

二．单项选择：

1. His father has got a good________ of business.

A. idea

B. sense

C. thought

D. thinking

2. Lacking of money has put the company in a difficult________.

A. occasion

B. case

C. situation

D. background

3. People choose to shop in a supermarket because it offers a great ________ of goods.

A. variety

B. mixture

C. extension

D. combination

4. Whether you agree or not won’t make much ________ .

A. difficulty

B. trouble

C. difference

D. matter

5. Leave a ________if I am not in.

A. message

B. letter

C. sentence

D. notice

Ⅱ．能力提升：

1. The teacher has got a good______ for the donation to ten homeless boys in the earthquake.

A. reputation

B. influence

C. impression

D. knowledge

2. The police will tell the public without any_____ if they get any information about the lost tourists.

A. delay

B. effort

C. schedule

D. consideration

3. Climbing mountains can be good for ______ building.

A. respect

B. friendship

C. reputation

D. character

4. In the street, when the green light is on, it is a ______ for everyone to stop.

A. signal

B. chance

C. mark

D. measure

5. The ____________clothes are dirty, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.

A. girl’s; Tom’s

B. girls’; Toms’

C. girls’; Tom’s

D. girl’s; Toms’

6. Don’t________ your children too hard to try new things.

A. draw

B. strike

C. rush

D. push

7. -------Buying that new car is a ____________ of money.

-------You are just sour grapes?

A. lack

B. load

C. question

D. waste

8. Form their ________ on the top of the tall building; visitors can see the east sea.

A. stage

B. position

C. condition

D. situation

9. With the new team coming, students are trying to break the _______ of getting up too late.

A. tradition

B. convenience

C. habit

D. Leisure

10. The bridge has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the library.

A. access

B. passage

C. way

D. approach

11．The little boy are so naughty that he never take any ________ of what I said.

A. remark

B. observation

C. attention

D. notice

12.Make yourself at home and have a ________ of these fresh apples.

A. look

B. taste

C. smell

D. appear

13. They had no strict ________ until they joined our club.

A. practice

B. education

C. exercise

D. training

14. The most important________ of his speech was that we should all work whole-heartedly for the people.

A .point B. sense C. spot D. view

15. The company offered him a very well-paid ________after he graduated from school.

A. business

B. service

C. work

D. position

16. Each player must obey ________, who is the leader of the team.

A. captain

B. a captain C .the captain D. captains

17.He left ________ with us that he would come tomorrow. He said he would keep ________.

A. words; his words

B. word; his word

C. word; word

D. the word; his words

18.He will take a long sea ________when he grows up.

A. trip

B. voyage

C. travel

D. journey

19. Once it is passed, the new law will come into ________.

A. effect

B. use

C. service

D. existence

20.—Is this bridge made of ________?

—Yes, it is made of 2300 huge ________.

A .stone; stone

B .stones; stones C. stone; stones D. stones; stone

Ⅲ．瞄准高考：

1.As a writer, he succeeded in calling ____to many of the terrible wrongs that existed at that time.

A. attention

B. interest

C. notice

D. strength

2.His daughter is always shy in ______ and she never dares to make a speech to ______.

A. the public; the public

B. public; the public

C. the public; public

D. public; public

3. What impressed me most was that they never lost ________.

A. hearts

B. heart

C. their heart

D. their hearts

4. Scientists can’t explain the ________ of how life began now.

A. cause

B. problem

C. reason

D. puzzle

5. This information is badly needed. There should be no ______ in sending it to him.’

A. question

B. problem

C. quarrel

D. delay

6. I can’t let you go without Smith’s ________.

A. agreement

B. allowing

C. permission

D. performance

7.（2010安徽）25. I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______

A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure

8.（2010江西）35 Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.

A average

B number

C amount

D quantity

9.（2010山东）33. Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.

A. relief

B. safety

C. defense

D. shelter

10（2010天津）3. James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.

A. room

B. area

C. field

D. position

11.（2010江苏）22. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.

A. expectation

B. reputation

C. contribution

D. civilization

12.（2010湖北）21. This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.

A．division B. area C. range D. circle

13.（2010浙江）16. The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.

A. solution

B. target

C. measure

D. function

14.（2011·四川卷）13.Always remember put such dangerous things as lives out of children’s_________ .

A. touch

B. sight

C. reach

D. distance

15.（2011·江西卷）31.What’s the_____, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?

A. sympathy

B. theme

C. object

D. point

16.（2011·湖北卷）21.“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with______ clearly in her voices.

A . near B. rudeness C. regret D. panic

17.（2011·湖北卷）22.Giving up my job to go back to full time caudation was a big________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.

A. project

B. commitment

C. competition

D. ambition

18.（2011·江苏卷）27．Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___.

A．consequence B．independence

C．competence D．intelligence

19.(2011·山东卷)34. There’s a _____ in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.

A. tradition

B. balance

C. concern

D. relationship.

20.（2011·福建）31．What’s the______ , in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?

A．sympathy B．theme C．object D．point

模块五：误区指津

1.可数和不可数名词的转化：

The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ___ pictures of them.

A. many of

B. masses of

C. the number of

D. a large amount of B【解析】masses of 意为“大量的”既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词；the number o f…意为“……的数量”；a large amount of意为“大量的”后接不可数名词；“many of”后接前面带有定冠词的名词，意为“……中的许多”。

2.名词的所有格：

The village is far away from here indeed. It's ____ walk.

A. a four hour

B. a four hour's

C. a four-hours

D. a four hours'

D【解析】“walk, ride, drive”等用做名词可用来表示一般距离，其用法结构为：“时间名词的所有格+这些名词”。

3.名词做定语：The_________ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.

A. bicycle’s shop B .bicycle shop C. bicycles shop D bicycles’ shop B【解析】表示什么样的商店要用单数名词修饰“shop”。

答案详解：

一. 用适当的名词填空:

1. China

2.men-workers

3. cakes

4.Chinese people

5. John and Mary's.

二．单项选择：

1~5 BCACA

Ⅱ．能力提升：

1. 【答案】A词义辨析题。Reputation：名誉，声誉； influence：影响

impression：印象 knowledge：知识。句意：这个老师因为捐助地震中无家可归的孩子赢得的好的声誉。

2【答案】A 名词词义辨析。delay：耽搁，延误；effort：努力；schedule：时间表；consideration：考虑，体谅；关心。意思是：如果有任何失踪游客的消息，警方会立刻告知公众。

3.【答案】D. 根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性，不会增强尊敬或名声，友谊可以增强，但与前面health不搭配，故答案为character。

4. 【答案】A. 根据句意可知，红灯是停止的信号，选项中只能选择signal才能符合题意。chance“机会”，mark“分数，痕迹”，measure“方法，措施”。

5. 【答案】C 名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易

6. 【答案】D。句意为：不要太强迫你的孩子去尝试新事物。push 推，挤，逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意，应选D。

7. 【答案】D 考查单词的区别：lack缺乏；load负担；question疑问；waste 浪费；根据句意，尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。

8. 【答案】B 名词词义辨析；stage：舞台，时期，阶段；position：位置；condition：条件，情况；situation：形式，情况；情景；根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。

9. 【答案】C. form/break the habit意思是养成或改变习惯。句意：随着新学期的到了，同学们都在尽力改变晚起的习惯。

10【答案】A. access to 意思是接近，进入。

11【答案】D.ta ke…notice of“注意”。

12.【答案】B.根据下文可知空格处应是“尝一尝”的意思。

13. 【答案】D. training在这里表示“训练”之意。

14. 【答案】A. point在这里是“要点”之意。

15. 【答案】D .position在这里是“职业工作”的意思。

16. 【答案】C.此题源自1998年“短文改错”第84小题。根据句意，此处captain是单数表特指，故应加定冠词。

17. 【答案】B. leave word (with)意为“留言；留下口信”；keep one’s word意为“遵守诺言”。

18. 【答案】B .voyage指的是海上旅行。

19. 【答案】B .come into effect意为“开始生效”。

20. 【答案】B.第一个stone是物质名词，不可数；第二个stone表示一块块具体的“石头”，属可数名词。

Ⅲ．瞄准高考：

1.A.call attention to意为“促使某人注意……”。

2.B.in public意为“在公共场合”；the public意为“公众”。

3.B.lost heart是固定短语，不能加冠词，也不能有复数。

4.A．cause意思是导致某事物发生的事物，人物等等。

5.D．delay的意思是延误，延迟。

6.C．permission意思是允许，许可。

7.C. 考点：本题考查名词辨析。 hearing意为“听力”；strength意为“力气；力量”；recognition意为“认出；识别；认识”； measure意为“测量；措施”。句意为“……她变得认不出来了。”

8.A.a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。

9.A．句意应为“那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示“缓解，减轻，解除”。 safety表示“安全，保险”；defense 表示“防御，防护”； shelter 表示“掩蔽，保护”。

10.A句意：詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了，目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配，意思是“为……让空”的意思，其中的room是不可数名词。

11.B．reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。

12.C．含义。“这家餐馆越来越出名是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。”“a range of ”强调一个系列，而“a wide range of”意为“各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲，这个句子属于典型的“从句套从句”。“for”引导原因状语从句，“that”引导定语从句。

13.A．solution解决方法；target目标；measure措施；function功能。根据句意：学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题，但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。

14.C．out of reach意思是远离，够不到。句子含义：切记让孩子远离危险。

15. D. point的意思是“作用，意义”。句子含义：你说如果他不努力自救，帮助他又有什么意义？

16.D．panic的意思是“急促，紧张”。

17. B.意思是承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身. 句子含义：放弃我的工作是一个很大的牺牲,但是现在我知道这是我有生以来做出的最好的决定。

18. C. 句子含义：教师必须不断的更新他们的知识以胜任他们的专业能力。Competence：能力，胜任。

19. A. tradition:惯例，传统。句子含义：我们办公室有一个传统，就是有人过生日就会带蛋糕来一起分享。

20. D .sympathy同情，theme 主题，object 物体，point意义。句意为你认为如果他没有作出努力去帮助自己而去帮助他的意义是什么？选D。

2020年高考英语语法《名词和介词》复习：单句改错

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初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习

初中英语语法名词知识点讲解及专项练习1．可数名词的复数变化 1) 规则变化 (1) 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。 (2) 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。 (3) 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies， flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。 (4) 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes， tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。 (5) -f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives， wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。背记小口诀：妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)下保己（self）命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮面包（loaf）。 2) 不规则变化 (1) 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。 (2) 变内部元音man －men，tooth －teeth，mouse －mice，foot －feet，goose－geese。 (3) 其他形式。 child－children ox －oxen grown-up －grown-ups passer-by －passers-by brother-in-law －brothers-in-law man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。 3) 特殊的复数形式

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一、名词【知识精讲】名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词。一、名词的数在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上，突出以下几点： 1. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词)，如： physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词，单数前面应有不定冠词。如：(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如：The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词，指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时，可以有其单、复数形式。如：There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如：He has a good practical

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这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗),scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等, 其用法特点为：是不可数名词，只用单数形式，不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)，没有复数形式。如： Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗? 第五类补充几个常考的集合名词除上面提到的四类集合名词外，以下几个集合名词也应重点注意(因为它们也是常考考点)：1. hair(头发，毛发)：指全部头发或毛发时，为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时，为个体名词(可数)。小练习; 1.They are________ A: man doctor B: men doctors C: men doctor D: man doctors 2.There are five____ in the hill. A: sheep B: sheeps C: goose D: deers 3. Those white socks ____ small. A: are B: is C: am D: do 4.We have many_____in our school. A: woman teacher B: women teachers C: woman teachers D: women teacher 5.Do you like _____? A: vegetable B: vegetables C: an vegetable BAABB C-专有名词专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，通常不与冠词连用，无复数形式。（一）人名英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反，姓在后面，名在前面，姓名前通常不用冠词。

高考英语语法专题复习--名词

高考英语语法专题复习一、名词Nouns 一、名词的种类： 1、专有名词 1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词） 2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。） 2、普通名词物质名词：water,rice, oil, paper...... 1）不可数名词抽象名词：health, trouble, work, pleasure, honor...... 注： ①不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。如：have a wonderful time. make a great progress. ②不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ③不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows ...... | | | | 各种各样的鱼各种报纸河湖、海水大片水域积雪 ④有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties ⑤在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper...... 2）可数名词： ①可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A bird can fly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. ②有复数形式： a）规则变化——加“s”或“es”（略） b）不规则变化——child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),phenomenon(pheno mena)；注：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）......。如， a sheep, two sheep d）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes...... e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means. f）形单实复：people (人民，人们；表民族时复数+s），the police, cattle等 g）集合名词：family, public, group, class等。作为整体时，为单数；作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如：My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h）合成名词变复数时: a.只把复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式。如：

高中英语语法专题：名词(包含答案)

导学案

【词汇串烧】 Fall in Love with English Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager pack ed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and dislike d join ing in English classes because he thought his teacher ignore d him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never add ed up to over 60. His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffer ing from, but entirely disagree d with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him face to face and swap ped a series of learning tip s with him. The item s she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well. The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recover ed from being upset and has fall en in love with English. 爱上英语有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电，他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。【词汇点拨】 survey n.调查；测验

高考英语 最后冲刺语法专题精品名词