英语阅读4

But the success of science, both its intellectual excitement and its practical application, depends upon theself-correcting character of science. There must be a way of testing any valid idea. It must be possible to reproduce anyvalid experiment. The character or beliefs of scientists are irrelevant; all that matters is whether the evidence supports their contentions. Arguments from authority simply do not count; too many authorities have been mistaken too often. I would like to see these very effective scientific modes of thought communicated by the schools and the media; and it would certainly be an astonishment and delight to see them introduced into politics. Scientists have been known to change their minds completely and publicly when presented with new evidence or new arguments. I cannot recall the last time a politician displayed a similar openness and willingness to change.
但是科学的成功,无论是它的智力刺激及其实际应用,取决于科学的theself-correcting字符。必须有一种测试任何有效的想法。它必须能够重现anyvalid实验。字符或信仰的科学家都无关紧要,重要的是是否支持他们的论点的证据。权威论点,只是不计数;太多的当局经常搞错了。我希望看到这些非常有效的科学模式的思想交流的学校和媒体,这肯定会是一个惊奇和高兴看到他们引入政治。科学家已经知道要改变他们的想法完全和公开当面对新证据或新的参数。我不记得上次一个政治家也呈现出类似的开放和愿意改变。

1.What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The rewards of intellectual excitement

(B) Practical applications of an abstract theory

(C) An important characteristic of science

(D) Some similarities between politics and science

2.What did the paragraph preceding the passage most probably discuss?

(A) The achievements of science (B) The scientific community

(C) self-correction (D) Faulty information

3. According to the passage, if a scientist repeats an experiment several times and does not produce similar results each time. The experiment must be

(A) extremely complex

(B) incorrectly recorded

(C) invalid

(D) scientific

4. According to the passage, which of the following is most essential to scientists' work?

(A) Character (B) Beliefs (C) Authority (D) Evidence

5.The author implies that, in science, arguments from authority are

(A) irrelevant (B) effective (C) uncomplicated (D) accountable

6.The author suggests that the scientific way of thinking should be propagated by

(A) justice departments (B) newspapers (C) businesses (D) research laboratories

(B)

Throughout human history there have been many stringent taboos concerning watching other people eat or eating in the presence of others. There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms of inappropriate social relationships either between those who are involved and those who are not s

imultaneously involved in the satisfaction of a bodily need, or between those already satiated and those who appear to be shamelessly gorging. Undoubtedly such elements exit in the taboos, but there is an additional element with a much more fundamental importance. In prehistoric times, when food was so precious and the on-lookers so hungry, not to offer half of the little food one had was unthinkable, since every glance was a plea for life. Further, during those times, people existed in nuclear or extended family groups, and the sharing of food was quite literally supporting one's family or, by extension, preserving one's self.
在整个人类历史上,都是很犯忌的行为别人吃或吃在别人面前。人们已经尝试过这些禁忌作出解释,所依据的不相称的社会关系的人之间要么参与那些不同时参与某一身体需要之满足的人之间的,那些已经饱满,那些似乎正在不知羞耻地狼吞虎咽失。毫无疑问这样的元素出局的禁忌,但有一个额外的元素与一个更根本的重要性。在史前时代,当食物是如此的珍贵和饥饿难耐时,不提供一半的食物很少人是无法想象的,因为每一个眼神都是恳求的生活。进一步,在那个时代,人们生活在核或大家族中,分享食物确实支持自己的家庭,通过扩展,保护自己。

1. If the argument in the passage is valid, taboos against eating in the presence of others who are not also eating would be LEAST likely is a society that

(A) Had always had a plentiful supply of food

(B) Emphasized the need to share worldly goods

(C) Had a nomadic rather than an agricultural way of life

(D) Emphasized the value of privacy

2. The author's hypotheses concerning the origin of taboos against watching other people eat emphasizes the

(A) General palatability of food

(B) Religious significance of food

(C) Limited availability of food

(D) Various sources of food

3. According to the passage, the author believes that past attempts to explain some taboos concerning eating are

(A) unimaginative

(B) implausible

(C) inelegant

(D) incomplete

4. In developing the main idea of the passage , the author does which of the following?

(A) Downplays earlier attempts to explain the origins of a social prohibition.

(B) Adapts a scientific theory and applies it to a spiritual relationship.

(C) Simplifies a complex biological phenomenon by explaining it in terms of social needs.

(D) Reorganizes a system designed to guide personal behavior.


Passage Three

In some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee) seeks to persuade the employer (interviewer) to employ him or her.

A job applicant has the responsibility for ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview. First, the applicant knows what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective. It is important that the applican

t be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company. Second, the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company. Relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offices, the financial status of the company, plans for expansion, and company philosophy, information about most major corporations available in reference books and periodicals.

After gathering information concerning the company, the applicant is ready for the interview. The interviewer’s first impression comes form the interviewee’s appearance. For most interviews, appropriate dress for man is a conservative (保守的) dark colored suit with a long sleeve white or light blue shirt. For women a conservative, tailored suit or dress is appropriate. Both men and women should have neat, conservative length of hair.

Although hairstyle and dress are matters of personal taste, many personnel directors form initial impressions from these characteristics. For example, one recent college graduate, who felt himself qualified, interviewed for a public relations job. However, the personnel manager considered this young man’s long hair, sloppy dress, and overly casual manner unsuited for this particular position.
在某些方面,就业面试就像一个有说服力的演说,因为申请人(应聘者)试图说服雇主(面试官)雇用他或她。
一个求职者有责任认定特定类型的信息前,面试。首先,申请人知道他想要什么样的工作和工作关系到他的职业目标。它是重要的,申请人可以陈述自己的理由希望工作为一个特定的公司。其次,申请人应该寻求尽可能多的信息关于该公司。申请人相关信息来定位包括等东西回家的位置和区域办事处,公司的财务状况,公司的扩张计划,和哲学,大多数大公司的信息可在参考书籍和期刊。
收集信息关于该公司后,申请人准备面试。面试官的第一印象来自访谈者的外观。对于大多数面试,合适的衣服对男人是一个保守的(保守的)深色西装,一个长袖白色或浅蓝色衬衫。对于女性保守,西装或礼服是合适的。男性和女性都应该有整洁的、保守的毛发长度。
尽管发型和服装是个人口味的问题,许多人事董事形式的最初印象来自这些特征。例如,一个最近的大学毕业生,他们觉得自己合格的,采访的一个公共关系的工作。然而,人事经理认为这是年轻人的长头发,穿得邋里邋遢,过于随意地不适应这个特殊的位置。

26. For whom is the passage most likely written?

A. An employee B. An employer C. An interviewee D. An interviewer

27. As the author suggests, what the applicant should know before the interview is _____.

A. the type of work and his career expectation

B. his career objective a particular company will decide

C. the reasons a particular company

has to employ him

D. All of the above.

28. Before the interview, the applicant should obtain some information about ____.

A. most major corporations

B. the company he wants to work for

C. reference books and periodicals

D. business and philosophy

29. What the applicant wears, as the author suggest, can make him look _______.

A. personal B. persuasive C. informative D. conservative

30. What is the author trying to tell us through the example in the last paragraph?

A. The importance of personal taste

B. The importance of public relations

C. The importance of self-confidence

D. The importance of first impression