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2020-2021学年中考英语语法专项讲解训练：数词

中考英语语法专项讲解训练：数词

一、概述

数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词电基数词，如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five 等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词与不定代词用法相似，在现代英语中，它与不定代词、冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词等被称之为限定词。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。

二、基数词

1. 基数词的表示法

(1) 以下是最基本的基数词，学习者必须牢记：

one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16), seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fifty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70), eighty(80),

ninety(90), a hundred(100), a thousand(1000), a million(1000000), a billion (十亿)

(2) 21—99 的表示法。先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字号：twenty-one(21), thirty-six(36),

forty-five(45), ninety-nine(99)等。

(3) 101—999的表示法。先说“几百”，后接and，再加末尾两位数(或末位数)：one hundred

and one(101), five hundred and thirty(530), seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)

(4) 1000 以上的基数词的表示法。先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗号(即以此把数目分

为若干段)。第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数million(百万)，第三个逗号前的数为billion(十亿)，第四个逗号前的数为trillion(万亿)，然后一段一段地数：9, 883 nine thousand, eight hundred and eighty-three

65, 359 sixty-five thousand, three hundred and fifty-nine

265, 468 two hundred and sixty-five thousand, four hundred and sixty-eight

60, 263, 150 sixty million, two hundred and sixty-three thousand, one hundred and fifty

注：① 英语没有“万”这个单位，要表示“万”须借用thousand，如“一万”用“十千”表示(ten thousand)，“十万”用“百千”表示(one hundred thousand)。

① hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词在读数时不带复数词尾-s(即用单数形式)。

① 在hundred 后通常加上连词，不过此and 在美国英语中可以省略。若读数中没有

hundred，则在thousand后加and。

①一个数的最高位若为“一”，这个“一”可用a或one表示，但在数字中间的“一”，则只能

用one，不能用a：

1600 a thousand and six hundred

6100 six thousand and one hundred (其中的one 不可改为a)

① 在非正式场合，人们也常以hundred 为单位来读数，对于1100至1900之间的整数尤其

如此(参见年代的读法)：

It cost fifteen hundred pounds. 这东西花了1500英镑。

2.时刻、日期、年份等的表示法

(1) 时刻的表示法

① 若为整点钟，则直接读相应的基数词;若为非整点钟，则分别以“时”和“分”为单位用相

应的基数词读出：twelve(12), eight twenty(8:20), nine forty-five(9:45)

① 对于带“分”的时间，也可借助past(过)和to(差)这两个介词来表示(在美国英语中用after

表示“过”)。但是注意，这样表示时“分”不能超过30，否则应作处理，如9.38应处理成“10点差22分”：

9.18 eighteen minutes past (after) nine (= nine eighteen)

10.46 fourteen minutes to eleven (= ten forty-six)

以上分钟后带了minutes一词。若“分”为5, 10, 15, 20 等五的倍数，则可省略minutes：

8.05 five (minutes) past eight (= eight five)

9.20 twenty (minutes) past nine (=nine twenty)

若“分”为15或45，可借用quarter 一词;若“分”为30，可借用half一词：

6.15 a quarter past six 8.45 a quarter to nine 10.30 half past ten

注：时刻表示法分为12小时编时制和24小时编时制。

(2) 日期的表示法：日期的写法(书面语)和读法(口语)稍有不同，如“十月一日”可以写成

October 1, October 1st, 1 October, 1st October, (the) 1st of October 等，表示月份的词也可用缩略式，如Oct. 1, 1 Oct. 1，但是在口语中通常只有两种读法October (the) first或the first of October。

注：日期与星期排列时，通常是星期在前，日期在后：He arrived on Friday, May 10. 他于5月10日(星期五)到达。

和fifteen hundred，而2000年通常读作two thousand，2003年读作two thousand and three。

若表示某个某个年代，则按类似以下的读法：1980s 读作nineteen-eighties(20世纪80年代)，1600s 读作sixteen hundreds(17世纪头10年，即1600—1610)，比较：1300 thirteen hundred(1300年)。

3.用于复数形式的基数词

(1) 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的岁数或年代：

in the sixties 在60年代in one's thirties 在某人30多岁时

(2) 基数词转化为名词，可用复数形式：

How many twos are there in ten? 10里面有几个2?

The soldiers marched in tens. 士兵们10人一排前进。

(3) 某些习语中也用复数形式的基数词：

in twos and threes 三三两两地at sixes and sevens 乱其八糟

三、序数词

1. 序数词的表示法

(1) 以下是最基本的序数词，学习者必须牢记：first(第1), second(第2), third(第3), fourth (第4), fifth(第5), sixth(第6), seventh(第7), eighth(第8), ninth(第9), tenth(第10), eleventh(第11), twelfth(第12), thirteenth(第13), fourteenth(第14), fifteenth(第15), sixteenth(第16), seventeenth(第

17), eighteenth(第18), nineteenth(第19), twentieth(第20), thirtieth(第30), fortieth(第40), fiftieth(第50), sixtieth(第60), seventieth(第70), eightieth(第80), ninetieth(第90)。

注：① 许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加th构成的，如：four / fourth，six / sixth，ten / tenth，sixteen / sixteenth，但是nine变为序数词是ninth，而不是nineth。

① twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth 等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie，再加th 构成。

① first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。凡是以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词

+th”：4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。

(2) 非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，

ninety-ninth(第99)，three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。

(3) hundred, thousand, million 等序数词形式为hundredth, thousandth, millionth 等：

five hundredth (500th) 第500 ten thousandth (10, 000th) 第10000)

注意：这类词前用数字“一”时，这个“一”只用one，不用a：

one hundredth 第100(不说a hundredth)

3.既可序数词也可用基数词的场合

(1) 日期的表示法通常用序数词，也可用基数词，如“5月5日”在书面语中通常写成5

May(英)

或May 5th(美)，而在口语中则通常说成the fifth of May，May the fifth(英)，May fifth(美)等。

(2)在类似编号的场合，用序数词应放在被修饰词语之前，若用基数词则置于其后：

the First Lesson / lesson one 第一课the tenth chapter / chapter ten 第10章the sixth line / line 6 第6 行the third part / part three 第三部分

但是，在许多情况下，用基数词比用序数词更合适、更方便：

Book One 第一册Room 805 805房

page 110 第110页Bus Number Ten 第10路公共汽车

4.序数词前使用冠词应注意的两点

(1) 序数词前通常要用定冠词

It's the third time I've been here. 这是我第三次来这儿。

The second is better than the first. 第二个比第一个好。

注：① 表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常省略定冠词：

She was (the) third in the exam. 她考试得了第三名。

①序数词用作副词时也通常不用冠词：

He came first. 他先来。

I'll have to finish my homework first. 我得先把作业做完。

①有些习语中的序数词前没有冠词：

at first 开始at first sight 乍看起来first of all 首先

① 但若序数词前用了物主代词或名词所有格，则不能再用定冠词：

his second wife 他的第二个妻子Tom's third book 汤姆的第三本书

(2) 序数词前有时可用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加：

A second student stood up. 又一个(第二个)学生站了起来。

I want to read the book a third time.这本书我想读第三次。

序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于，定冠词表特指，不定冠词表泛指，有类似another 的意思，但比another 的意思更明确：

I like the third girl. 我喜欢第三个女孩。(至少有三个女孩供选择，特指)

I saw a third girl. 我又看见了第三个女孩。(暗示原来已看见两个，这已是第三个)

四、分数、倍数、小数和百分数的表示法

1. 分数的表示法。

分数由基数词和序数构成——分子用基数词，分母用序数，分子超过“1”时，分母用复数：

a sixth, two thirds, three fifths

注：(1) 1/2 通常读作 a half，一般不读作a second。

(2) 1/4可读作 a fourth，也可读作 a quarter。

(3) 分子超过“1”分母之所以用复数可以这样理解：“三分之二”即两个(two)三分之一(third)，

既然是两个“三分之一”，那“三分之一”当然要用复数，即用thirds。

(4) 在数学上，为了简洁起见，分子和分母均可用基数词，其间用介词over：3/4 读作three

over four(对于比较复杂的分数通常采用此读法)

(5) 带分数的读法：在整数与分数之间用and连接：five and two thirds

2. 倍数的表示法。

表示倍数时通常借助half, double, twice, three times等之类的词：

Half (of) the apples are bad. 一半苹果是坏的。

His homework is not yet half done. 他的作业还没完成一半。

He eats twice what I eat. 他的食量是我的两倍。

第(1)句和第(3)句的意思比较清楚，但第(2)句常容易误解，有人认为它与其他两句意思不同，应理解为“这根绳子比那根绳子长三倍”，但绝大多数语法学家并不这样认为，而是认为以上三句意思相同。

4.小数的表示法。

与汉语一样，小数点前的数按普通基数词的读法读，小数点后的数按单个数字一一读出。

小数点后的0通常读作oh，有时也读作nought或zero，小数点读作point：one point five six(1.56), ten point three oh five(10.305)

注：被大于“1”的小数修饰的名词要用复数，如说 1.3 meters，不说1.3 meter;即使是被小于“1”的小数修饰，名词也通常可以用复数：One centimeter equals 0.3937 inches. 1厘米等于0.3937英寸。

5.百分数的表示法。

百分数由基数词(或小数)和百分号(%)组成，百分号(%)读作per cent：fifteen percent(15%), (zero) point six percent(0.6%)

注：百分数后接名词时有时用介词of，有时不用：30% of the students(30%的学生)，a 30% chance(30%的把握)。两者的区别是：后接介词of时，percent 为名词，of表示整体中的部分;

不接介词of时，percent 为形容词(此时不表示整体与部分的关系)，再比较：6 percent of the interest=利息中的百分之六，at 6 percent interest=按百分之六的利息。

五、约数的表示法

1. 大于某数的表示法。

可用more than, over, or more等表示：

more than fifty people 五十多个人

children of fourteen and over 十四岁和十四岁以上的少年

sixty students or more 六十或六十多个学生

2. 小于某数的表示法。

可用less than, under, or less, up to, almost, nearly 等：

It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我买它没要上10英镑。

Children under six years old are admitted free. 未满6岁的儿童可免费入场。

It's nearly 10 o'clock.. 快两点了。

The temperature is five degrees below zero. 温度是零下5度。

3. 大约数的表示法。

可用or, or so, about, around, round, some, more or less 等表示：

I'll come back in three or four days. 我过三四天就回来。

We stayed or an hour or so. 我们停留了一个小时左右。

It will cost around (round, about) 100 dollars. 那大概要100美元。

Some 100 people attended the meeting. 大约100参加了会议。

I read more or less forty pages last night. 我昨晚看了大约40页。

注：要表示“一两分钟”这样的意思，通常用a minute or two 或one or two minutes，而不用

one minute or two。

六、数词的句法功能

1. 用作主语：

The second is yours. 第二个是你的。

It’s said that 13 is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。

2.用作表语：

Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。

Two thirds of the apples were bad. 三分之二的苹果是坏的。

3. 用作宾语：

I know three of them. 他们当中有三个有我认识。

Please give me the third. 请给我第三个。

4.用作定语：

He has three English dictionaries. 他有三本英语词典。

The second one is more expensive. 第二个更贵。

The rope is only 2.15 meters long. 这根绳子只有2.15米长。

5.用作同位语：

Are you two reading? 你们两人都在看书吗?

Let us four finish the work. 让我们四个人完成这工作吧。

Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个是准?

课堂练习：

( ) 1．Now，everyone，please turn to Page and look at picture．A．Twelve；the fifth B．Twelfth；the fifth

C．Twelve；five D．Twelfth；five

( ) 2．一Which number is the biggest of the four? — ．

A．One third B．Two thirds C．A half D．A quarter ( ) 3．一Can you write the number eighty-five thousand six hundred and twenty-six?

一Yes，it is ．

A．85，626 B．856，620 C．58，662 D．58，626 ( ) 4．一Have you got enough students to carry the boxes？

一No，I think I need students．

A．another B．two others C．two more D．more two

( ) 5．In order to find better job，she planned to learn second language．A．the；a B．the；／C．a；the D．a；a

( ) 6．一Which class won the basketball match? 一did．

A．Class Third B．Class Three C．Third Class D．Three Class

( ) 7．About of the earth covered with water，but we have less fresh water．A．three quarter；is B．three quarters；is

C．three quarter；are D．three quarters；are

( ) 8．Christmas Day is on of December．

A．twenty-five B．the twenty-five

C．twenty-fifth D．the twenty-fifth

( ) 9．—How long is the bridge ?—It’s ．

A．300-meter-long B．300-meters 1ong

C．300 meters long D．300 meter long

( )10．The number of the students in our grade about ，and

of them are girls．

A．are；six hundreds；two-thirds B．is；six hundred；two-third

C．is；six hundred；two thirds D．are；six hundreds；two third

( )11．一Ang Lee，a Chinese director，won the Best Director again in his ．一How great he is! It is his time to win an Oscar．

A．fifty；twice B．fiftieth；second C．fifties；second D．fifties；two

( )12．The weight of the moon is only about of that of the earth．

A．one eighty C．one of eighty

C．one the eightieth D．one eightieth

( )13．Look! This is a school built three years ago．This school is ours．A．as twice larger as B．twice as large as

C．1arger twice as D．two times as large as

( )14．Tom，a boy，can speak English quite well．He Wants to learn

language next term．

A．twelve-year-old；second B．twelve year old；the second

C．twelve-year-old；a second D．twelve years old；the second

( )l5．Three and two were talking when the professor came in．A．Japanese；Germen B．Japaneses；Germen

C．Japanese；Germans D．Japaneses；Germans

( )16．girls took part in the Happy Girl Competition but only a few of them succeeded A．Million of B．Many million of C．One raillion of D．Millions of

( )l7．一How far is the small town from London?

—It’s about kilometers．

A．two hundred and thirty five B．two hundreds and thirty five

C．two hundreds and thirty-five D．two hundred and thirty-five

( )18．We have stayed at this school for ．

A．Two years and half B．Two and half a years

C．Two years and a half D．Two and a half year

答案1—5 ABACD 6—10 BBDCC 11—15 CDBCC l6—18 DDC

家庭作业：

1.—Linda, how can I keep fit?

—Well, ______ apple a day keeps ______ doctor away.

A. an, a

B. an, the

C. the, a

D. the, the

2.—What do you think of the 3D-printed ______?

—I’m afraid they are not safe enough to live in.

A. tools

B. buildings

C. cars

D. toys

3.—I like the song sung by Li Jian.

—Me, too.I think no one can sing ______ than him in the programme I AM A SINGER.

A. better

B. worse

C. more

D.less

4.I want to buy a fine watch for my father on Father’s Day, but ______ is fit for him in the shops nearby.

A. no one

B.nothing

C. none

D. neither

5.______ of the land in that area ______ covered with golden yellow flowers at this time of year.

A. Three fifths, is

B. Three fifth, is

C. Three fifth, are

D. Three fifths, are

6.Bella , a young singer, ______on January, 2015 because of cancer. Her death made us very sad.

A. has been dead

B. has died

C. had been dead

D. died

7.More and more people, old and young, are fond ______ square dance in the early evening.

A. on

B. to

C. in

D.of

8.We are going to Xinghua Museum by car. You can come with us ______ you can ride there later.

A. but

B. and

C. or

D. for

9.—Hello, This is Jim Green. May I speak to Mr Black, please?

—______, please. I’ll see if he is in his office.

A. Come on

B. Turn on

C. Hold on

D. Go on

10.______ nice the fish smells! I can’t wait to taste it.

A. How

B. How a

C. What

D. What a

11.—Who is your new English teacher this term, Jack?

— The man ______ is wearing a blue T-shirt.

A. whom

B. who

C. whose

D. which

12.—What a heavy rain! Will it last long?

—______. We’re going on a trip to West Lake in Hangzhou tomorrow.

A. Not at all

B. Of course not

C. I hope not

D. Not exactly

13.—Dad, Let’s hurry! There are only ten minutes ______. I don’t want to miss the train.

—OK, I’m coming.

A. leave

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. left

14.—Someone is singing next door. Is it Amy?

—It ______ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now.

A. can’t

B. mustn’t

C. needn’t

D. won’t

15.—Could you tell me ______? —With my teacher’s help.

A. when you did so well

B. when did you do it so well

C. how you did so well

D. how did you do it so well 家庭作业

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句【知识方法】先行词：名词或代词定语从句关系代词关系词关系副词【知识清单】定语从句知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词，在定语从句中担当某一成份。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that，who，whom(只做宾语) 主语宾语表语人Do you know the girl who／that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

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