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2018届高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法讲解

备考2018届高考英语语法

非谓语动词之不定式

英语中的动词不定式在考试中是比较常见的。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。以下是动词不定时的用法解析。

1动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

【例如】

To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.

To do that implies taking responsibility.

当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

【例如】

It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.

It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:

aIt is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...+( for/of sb.+不定式

【例如】

It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.

It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.

It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.

b It is+名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...+不定式

It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.

It is a pity to have to go without her.

It is a glorious death to die for the people.

c It takes (sb. some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...+不定式

It takes me three hours to learn English each day.

It took them half the night to get home in the snow.

2动词不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。

【例如】

The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.

My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.

The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.

What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.

3动词不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语:

afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want

等。

【例如】

I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.

My mother hates to move from place to place.

I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.

The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.

She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.

There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means

______________ trouble.

A making

B to make

C to have made

D having made

mean后面一般加不定式,所以A和D可以排除。根据句意,他看起来非常生气,他想找麻烦,不定式的动作还没有实施,应用一般式,因此答案为B。

不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中;主语+动词+it+形容词+不定式。

【例如】

We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.

I think it important to learn English well in college.

使用这种句型的常见动词有:believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。

4“wh-+不定式”结构,不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose 或疑问副词(where, when, how, why,以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语,其作用相当于一个从句,这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。

常见的可以接这种动词不定式短语的动词有:

know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, findout, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。

【例如】

I couldn’t decide which book to choose.

I can tell you where to get this book.

They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.

“wh-+不定式”结构除了作宾语外,还可以在句中作主语或者表语。

【例如】When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plans into practice.

5动词不定式作状语

a不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后,来强调这种目的。

【例如】

To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.

Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.

We must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural

level of our country.

In order to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.

b动词不定式表示结果,特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。

【例如】

I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.

She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return..

No one is too old to learn.

Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?

c动词不定式常用来修饰形容词,构成下列词组:be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。

【例如】

Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.

It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.

I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.

6动词不定式作宾语补语,不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语:ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。

【例如】

Because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.

He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.

强化记忆:

不定式to do 通常在句子中作目的、原因、结果状语

a.作目的状语:有三种形式,可互换:to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首

b.原因:不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如:happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. 不定式不放在句首。

如:I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.

c.结果:常用only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况,其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外固定结构:too… to do, enough to do, so / such… as to do 中,不定式也作结果状语。

d.在形容词后作状语,只用不定式如:

The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.

We find the lake safe to swim in. (注意尾介词

●不定式主动to do(一般式to have done (完成式to be doing

●被动to be done (一般式to have been done (完成式

1、不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. to do sth.

It’s important for us to learn English well.

It’s kind of you to help us.

注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:

It’s no good / use doing sth.

It’s useless doing sth.

There is no need to do sth.

2、只能接不定式的动词:

a. (想要want, would like, would prefer,ask, demand, intend, desire,

b. (希望wish, hope, expect,

c. (决定agree, decide, manage, promise, choose, continue, plan, prepare, make up

one’s mind, try one’s best, offer, apply,

d. happen, learn, fail, pretend, refuse, afford

3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词:

remember to do 记得去做,remember doing 记得做过forget to do 忘记去做, forget doing 忘记做过了, regret to do 遗憾去做,regret doing 后悔做过, try to do 设法去做,try doing 试着做, go on to do 接着做另一件事,go on doing 继续做同一件事,

mean to do 打算做,mean doing 意味着做, stop to do 停下来去做,stop doing 停止做,cant help (to do 不能帮助做,can’t help doing 忍不住做。

如:In some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour.

A. waiting

B. to wait

C. wait

D. to be waiting

4、介词but (除了后接不定式:

如:have no choice but to do sth.没有别的选择只好做…

但当but 前有行为动词do 时,but 后的不定式省to. 如:

Sandy could do nothing but ____ that he was wrong.

A. admit

B. admitted

C. admitting

D. to admit

5、permit / allow (允许,advise (建议,forbid (禁止,有两种用法:一是后接动名词,二是后接“sb. + to do sth”

6、need, want, require 意为“需要”,主语是物时,用句型:

need, want, require + doing /to be done(用动词ing 主动形式表被动意义

易混淆,需注意:

1、含介词to 的短语

look forward to 盼望,devote…to 致力于、献身于,be / get used to 习惯于,lead to 导致,get down to 着手做,pay attention to 注意,refer to 谈到,所指,参考,equal to 等于,能胜任,belong to 属于

如:Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ___ some school for poor children.

A. set up

B. setting up

C. have set up

D. having set up

2、只能接动名词的动词:

suggest, advise(建议, finish, mind(介意,enjoy (喜欢,appreciate (鉴赏,感激,forbid 禁止,avoid (避免,can’t help doing (忍不住,risk (冒险,feel like (想要,delay, put off (推迟,give up (放弃,be busy (忙于,be worth (值得,practise (反复练习

3、要接动名词的几个句型

prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing …(阻止…做

spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱

how about / what about doing

have some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做…有困难

have a hard / good time in doing 做…很艰难或做…很愉快

There is no sense / point in doing

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