2018年高考英语(通用版)短文语法填空汇编(解析版)

2018高考英语（通用版）短文语法填空汇编（解析版共15页）

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者

3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·淄博模拟)

According to data from population reports and statistics made by the World Bank, Japanese people in 2013 __1__ (live), on average, to 83 years old, and the country itself ranks __2__ the top five nations with the longest life expectancy (预期寿命)．

__3__ major contributor to Japan's high life expectancy and overall health

is their diet, as determined by the country's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

According to a recent study __4__ (publish) by the BMJ, Japanese people __5__ kept on the traditional Japanese diet during the 15－year study had a mortality rate (死亡率) 15% lower than those who did not. Further, those who __6__ keep were also __7__ (little) likely to suffer from some diseases.

Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare __8__ (break) the traditional Japanese diet down in their version of the food pyramid, called the “Japanese Food Guide Spinning Top\”. Though the Japanese die t gives special __9__ (important) to high intakes of fish and soybean products instead of fats, it is __10__ (general) a balance of grains, vegetables, fish and meat, and milk and fruits. However, the guide also includes snacks, sweets, cakes and alcoholic drinks, which can be consumed in control, rather than completely rejected.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首，

饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因。本文主要分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对

国民饮食的指导。

1．lived 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in 2013”可知，谓语动词应用一般

过去时。故填lived。

2．on/among 考查介词。句意为：日本人2013年的平均寿命是83岁，位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首。on the top意为“在顶部”；此句也可理解为：位居

预期寿命最长的五个国家当中，用among。故填on/among。

3．A 考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“contributor”，表示泛指，应用不定冠

词；且major的读音以辅音音素开头。故填A。注意首字母大写。

4．published 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“study”与publish之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填published。

5．who/that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行

词为“Japanese people”，指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who/that。

6．did 考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“had”和“did not”可知，

此处应用一般过去时，谓语动词表示强调应借助于助动词did。故填did。

7．less 考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“lower”可知，此处应用形

容词little的比较级形式。故填less。

8．breaks 考查动词的时态。本句主语是“Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。本段叙述的是客观事实，故

时态主要是一般现在时。故填breaks。

9．importance 考查词性转换。形容词“special”应修饰名词。故填

important的名词形式importance。

10．generally 考查词性转换。根据语境可知，日本饮食通常也是谷类、蔬菜类、鱼类、肉类以及牛奶和水果的一个平衡。generally意为“通常”，在句中作状语。故填generally。

语法填空

(2016·广州市综合测试一)There once was a forest filled with happy animals. One day a raccoon (浣熊) found some socks left behind by picnickers, and __1__ (decide) to wear them. They fitted so well, and felt so __2__ (comfort), that he kept them on. He spent his days __3__ (walk) through the forest in his new socks.

Other animals became envious of the raccoon's new look and followed his trend. First it was squirrels in __4__ (shirt), then rabbits __5__ hats on, and finally birds wearing underpants!

Doctor Bear, the forest physician, disapproved and tried to warn the clothes wearers. __6__ no one listened. Instead, they urged him to follow the latest trend too.

Soon, the problems started. A squirrel caught his shirt on a branch and crashed to the ground. A rabbit tried entering his hole while __7__ (wear) his hat and got stuck. Even the raccoon, thanks to his bright coloured socks, slipped into the river and almost died.

When the __8__ (injure) animals came to see Doctor Bear, he told them, “Your clothes are killing you. You don't need __9__.”

Those __10__ listened to the doctor's advice finally understood they didn't need clothes. They'd only started wearing clothes to make others envy them.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________

9．________ 10.________

【参考答案】语法填空

语篇解读：本文讲述了一些动物纷纷效仿穿着袜子的浣熊，穿上各种各样的衣服，结果却害了自己。

1．decided 根据and可知，空处与found构成并列谓语，故应填过去式decided。

2．comfortable felt为系动词，本处应用形容词作表语，故填comfortable。

3．walking spend time doing sth.“花时间做某事”，故填现在分词walking。

4．shirts 此处表示“穿着衬衫的松鼠”，应用名词的复数形式，故填shirts。

5．with 本处用“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构作rabbits的定语，表示

“戴着帽子的兔子”。

6．But 前后句之间为转折关系，故应填连词But。

7．wearing “当兔子戴着它的帽子尝试着进洞时”，此处为状语从句的省略，原句应为“while he was wearing his hat”。

8．injured 此处表示“受伤的动物”，应用形容词作定语。

9．them 句意：你们的衣服会要了你的命，你们不需要它们。空处代指“clothes”，填them。

10．who 句意：那些听了医生建议的动物最终理解了它们并不需要衣服。

本处为定语从句，先行词为Those，本文拟人化，应用关系代词who。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·湖南六校联考)

Every summer __1__ he was a boy, Satchin Panda would stay on __2__ grandparents' farm near Chandipur on the east coast of India. He lazed in a hammock(吊床), caught fish in the lake and climbed trees __3__ (pick) mangoes. His grandfather spent most of his 91 years there, __4__ (work) i n his 20-acre field. He produced almost all that his wife and eight children needed. They __5__ (cook) what he grew; they sold a little rice __6__ bought salt. “He did that for his entire life，” says Panda. “He travelled more than 100 km from his home perhaps eight or nine __7__ (time)．”

Now Panda's home __8__ (be) thousands of miles away—a four-bedroom house in San Diego, California and he __9__ (regular) jets around the world for work. “If I'm within a distance of a five-hour __10__ (fly) from India，” he says, “I will go and see my mom and my sister.”

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Satchin Panda祖父母以前的生活和目前他自己的生活情况。

1．when 考查定语从句。句意为：当Satchin Panda还是个小男孩时，每年夏天他总会待在位于印度东海岸昌迪普尔附近的他祖父母的农场里。分析句子结构可

知，空格处引导定语从句，指代先行词“Every summer”，且在从句中作时间状语，故应用when引导该从句。故填when。

2．the/his 考查定冠词/代词。根据下文可知，Satchin Panda是待在他祖父母的农场里，此处他祖父母的农场也可以看做是特指。故填the/his。

3．to pick 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，表明他爬树是为了摘芒果。故填to pick。

4．working 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句已经有谓语动词“spent”，故work在此处应用非谓语动词形式；且work与主语“His grandfather”之间是主动关系，故应用work的现在分词形式作伴随状语。故填working。

5．cooked 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空格处作谓语。根据上下文的时态可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填cooked。

6．and 考查连词。根据语境可知，卖点儿大米与买盐之间是并列关系，故应用并列连词and连接。故填and。

7．times 考查名词。分析句意可知，time在此处表示次数。eight or nine times意为“八九次”，符合语境。故填times。

8．is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中“now”的提示可知，此处叙述现在的情况，应用一般现在时；且句子的主语是“Panda's home”，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is。

9．regularly 考查词性转换。根据词法知识可知，此处用regular的副词形式修饰动词“jets”。故填regularly。

10．flight 考查词性转换。空格前的“five-hour”相当于形容词作定语。由此可知，此处需用名词，表示五小时的航程。故填flight。

语法填空

(2016·长沙四校模拟二)A recent study shows that most adults did

household chores __1__(active) when they were young. Most kids today do not do as many household chores as before, __2__ same study shows.

An expert sai d, “Pa rents today want their kids to spend more time __3__ things that can bring them money and honour. They have stopped __4__(do) the one thing that has proven to bring success. That is doing household chores.”

Another study finds that compared with the kids __5__ didn't do household chores, young adults beginning chores at ages 3 and 4 were more likely __6__(succeed). They had better family relationships, did better in school, performed better at work and were more independent.

Personal happiness __7__(say) to come from strong relationships. It begins by learning to be kind and __8__(help) to their parents at home.

If your kids say they have to skip chores because it's time they

__9__(deal) with their homework, you'd better not let them off the hook. If you do, your child may think grades are more important than caring about others. “What may seem like small __10__(message) at the moment add up to big ones over time，” says an expert.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________

9．________ 10.________

【参考答案】语法填空

语篇解读：本文是说明文。一项研究表明，现在的大部分成年人小时候都做过家务，而现在的大部分孩子不像以前的孩子那样做很多家务了。

1．actively 分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词，故要用副词形式actively。

2．the 此处的“study”就是上文提到的“study”，故用定冠词the 表示特指。

3．on 根据固定搭配spend sth. on sth.可知，此处填介词on。

4．doing 根据语境可知，这里说的是“停止做某事”，而不是“停下来去做某事”，故用stop doing sth.。

5．who/that 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为kids，关系代词在从句中作主语，因此本空填who/that。

6．to succeed 此处是be likely to do sth.句型，故用不定式。

7．is said 本句含有“b e said＋动词不定式”结构，且这里说的是现在的一般情况，主语为Personal happiness，因此填is said。

8．helpful 本空应填形容词helpful与kind并列作表语。

9．dealt/should deal It's time (that) ... 句型中， that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用一般过去式或“should＋do”，其中should不可以省略。

10．messages message是可数名词，其前没有冠词，故要用其复数形式。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·云南高中统一检测)

Starbucks, an international coffee chain，is to offer its customers a discount if __1__ bring their own cups to have drinks at the cafe. This will start from April in the UK as a two-month trial and could go on if it is a __2__ (succeed). Customers who bring their own cups will get a discount on almost all drinks. Starbucks states on its website，“Our plan focuses on three main areas: reducing the waste of paper cups, increasing recycling rates __3__ promoting the use of reusable cups.”

This __4__ (decide) comes as a major victory for the campaign __5__ (reduce) the waste of paper cups. It was revealed(透露) earlier that 7 million paper cups are used in Britain every day, __6__ means 2.5 billion cups are thrown into dustbins each year. The coffee shops make false claims of the number of paper cups they actually recycle. That makes customers __7__ (wrong) believe that a coffee shop is environmentally friendly. But according to a recycling service in the UK, only 1 in 400 cups actually gets __8__ (recycle)．One __9__ the coffee drinkers said, “I am disappointed that cafes recycle so little. I __10__ (think) they were more responsible. Now I will bring my own cup.”

【解题导语】国际咖啡连锁店Starbucks为顾客提供了这样一种服务：如果顾客自带咖啡杯，咖啡店将提供打折的咖啡。此举在于减少使用纸杯带来的浪费，从而保护环境。

1．they 考查代词。根据该句中的“customers”和“their”可知，空处指代customers，且在从句中作主语，故用代词they。

2．success 考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可以判断，空处应用名词形式。3．and 考查连词。分析该句结构可知，句中的“reducing the waste of paper cups”“increasing recycling rates”和“promoting the use of reusable cups”是并列关系，故用and连接。

4．decision 考查名词。根据空前的代词This可知，空处用名词形式。

5．to reduce 考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，减少纸杯浪费是活动的目的，故用动词不定式。

6．which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，故用which引导。

7．wrongly 考查副词。空处修饰动词believe，故用副词形式。

8．recycled 考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，cups和recycle之间是动宾关系。

9．of 考查介词。根据该句中的“One”和可数名词复数“drinkers”可知，此处为“one of＋可数名词复数”结构。

10．thought 考查动词的时态。根据空后的were和“Now I．..”可知，这里陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

语法填空

(2016·陕西省教学质检二)I drove to a local supermarket the other day. My shopping list was long and my wallet was light. Still, I needed to get a week's food for my family. I parked my car, looked down at my list, and

hoped I __1__ pay for it all.

As I walked into the door, I saw a man with kind __2__ (eye) and a gentle smile. He said he was __3__ (collect) for a local food bank that helped to feed the hungry in my area. He handed me a second shopping list of things they could use and asked me to help if I could. I smiled back, took the list and walked into the store. I really wanted to help, __4__ wasn't sure if I could this time.

I walked through the store, picking up vegetables, soup, spaghetti, bread, milk, cereal, macaroni, bananas, and a dozen other things. I slowly marked each item (项) off my list until I was done. When I looked down at my full cart (购物车) I wondered again __5__ I even had enough to pay for it all. Then, as I put my own list back into my pocket, I saw the food bank list under it. I smiled and __6__ (decide) to trust my heart.

With the food bank in mind, I went over and picked up two of the biggest boxes of rice the store had and put __7__ (they) in my cart. It took another six dollars out of my wallet to pay for them, but my heart felt six times __8__ (large) when I did. And when everything was added up, I had just enough to pay for it all.

It takes so little to make our world a better place. A few dollars can help to fill a __9__ (child) hungry stomach. __10__ (kind) can change another's day and life. It is up to us, though. We can save a few dollars on rice, or we can share love that will last forever.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________

9．________ 10.________

【参考答案】语法填空

语篇解读：本文是记叙文。一天，作者开车去当地的一家超市购物的过程中做了一件好事。

1．could 句意：我停好车，低头看了看我的清单，希望自己可以付得起。根据句意，此处表示“能够，可以”，且此处讲述过去的事情，故用情态动词

can的过去式could。

2．eyes 句意：当我进门时，我看到一个眼神友善又面带温和笑容的人。

一个人有两只眼睛，且空前无冠词或所有格，故用eye的复数形式。

3．collecting 句意：他说他在为一个当地的食物赈济处募集(食物)。根

据空前的“was”和collect与主语he之间是主动关系可知，此处应用过去进行时，故填collecting。

4．but 句意：我真的想帮忙，但是不确定这次是否能做到。前后分句之间是转折关系，故填but“但是”。

5．if/whether 句意：当我低头看着满满的购物车时，我又一次想知道我

是否有足够的钱来支付。wondered后是一个宾语从句，从句成分完整，此处表示“是否”，故填if/whether。

6．decided 句意：我笑了笑并决定相信自己的心。and连接两个并列的谓语，故应填decided与smiled并列。

7．them put后的宾语指的是two of the biggest boxes of rice，故用they 的宾格形式them。

8．larger 句意：但是我这样做时，我感觉我的心是原来的六倍大。虽然

句中没有than，但是根据语境可知，此处有比较的意味，倍数表达法中，三倍及以上用“基数词＋times＋比较级(＋than)”表示，故用larger。

9．child's 句意：几美元就能帮助填满一个孩子饥饿的胃。空后是名词stomach，所给提示词是child，空前是不定冠词a，故此处应该用child的所有格形式。

10．Kindness 句意：善行能够改变另一个人的一天和生活。空处作句子的主语，因此要用kind的名词形式kindness“善行”。注意首字母大写。

（2017高考选练）语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个或者3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2017·湖南省六校联盟联考)

Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat

bread, pasta or fruit? Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans? These things are not accidents. Food affects __1__ we feel more than we think. Scientists researching __2__ (it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.

Although our moods relate __3__ having various food, it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions. If that __4__ (be) the case, athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race. Another chemical __5__ (connect) with our moods is caffeine, which __6__ (find) in coffee, chocolate and many types of tea, and it is perhaps __7__ worst thing you and have when you are feeling stressed.

Of course, __8__ (enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness.

Most __9__ (important), though, remember the following old rule: try to eat different food, __10__ not too much.

【解题导语】我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。

【段意梳理】

第一段：研究发现，我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。

第二段：为不同的场合选择合适的食物不是一件简单的事。

第三段：在有压力时吃含有咖啡因的食品是最糟糕的选择。

第四段：和家人及朋友共进美食，无论吃什么，都让我们高兴。

第五段：最重要的是尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。

1．how 考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，由“we feel more than we think”可知，从句不缺成分；结合语境可以判断，应用疑问副词how引导该从句。

2．its 考查代词。由名词effect可知，应用形容词性物主代词its。

3．to 考查动词短语。relate to为固定搭配，意为“和……有关系”。4．were 考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of

carbohydrates be fore a race”可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对目前情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用过去式were。

5．connected 考查过去分词。chemical和connect为动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。

6．is found 考查动词时态和语态。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，和find之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。

7．the 考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知，空处应用the。8．enjoying 考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，此处为动名词短语在句中

作主语。

9．importantly 考查副词。空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。

10．but/yet 考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。

语法填空

(2016·合肥市第一次质检)Sammy Armstrong was driving to his office when he __1__ (notice) a car was stuck on railroad tracks. Then he heard a train whistle. Sammy threw down his sunglasses and keys and ran toward the car. __2__ elderly man, Jean Papich, eighty-four, sat in the driver's seat, __3__ (turn) the key and hitting the gas. His wife, Marion, seventy-eight, was looking __4__ (nervous) at him. Then Sammy walked __5__ the car and pushed it forward, but his boots slipped on the warm asphalt (沥青). He could see the train approaching fast.

It might be __6__ (easy) to push the car backward, Sammy thought. He ran around to the front of the vehicle and shouted at Jean __7__ (put) the car in neutral (空挡)．Sammy could feel the ground trembling under his feet. He put his boots against the track and pushed forcefully. Finally, the car

rolled off the tracks. When Sammy looked up, the train was just a couple of __8__ (foot) away. Sammy, shocked and __9__ (speech), went back to work as crowd gathered at the scene.

Weeks later, Mario n called to thank Sammy. He responded, “I just did __10__ I had to do.”

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________

9．________ 10.________

【参考答案】语法填空

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Sammy Armstrong在开车上班的路上解救了一辆卡在铁轨上的汽车。

1．noticed 文章的整体时态为过去时，且主句中用的是过去进行时，故填noticed。

2．An man在文中第一次提到，应用不定冠词，且elderly的读音以元音音素开头，故填An。

3．turning 空处与句子主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，并与hitting并列，故填turning。

4．nervously 副词作状语修饰动词，故填nervously。

5．behind 根据下文的“pushed it forward”可知，此处表示走到车的后面推车，故填behind。

6．easier 根据语境可知，向前推车不好推，所以他想向后面推可能更容易，故填easier。

7．to put 此处为不定式作宾补，他向老人喊让老人挂空挡，故填to put。

8．feet a couple of后跟可数名词的复数形式。故填feet。

9．speechless 与shocked并列，根据语境可知，应填speechless。

10．what 分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作did的宾语，且空处在从句中充当do的宾语，故填what。

(2016·湖南常德市高三3月模拟考试)Imagine life as a game in which you are playing some five balls in the air.You name __1__(they)—work，family，health，friends and spirit，and you’re k eeping all these balls in the air. You understand that work is a rubber ball.If you drop it，it will bounce back.But the other four balls are made of glass.If you drop one of them，

it will be scuffed(磨损)，damaged or even broken into __2__(piece)．They will never be the same.You must understand the balance in your life.How? Don’t compare yourself with others.It is because we are different and each of us __3__(be) special.Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important.Only you know __4__ is be st for you.Don’t give __5__ when you still have something to give.Nothing is really over until the moment you stop __6__(try)．Knowledge is weightless，__7__ treasure you can always carry __8__(easy)．Don’t run through life so fast that you forget n ot only where you’ve been，where you are，but also where you __9__(go)．

Life is not a race，but a journey to __10__(enjoy) slowly each step of the way.Yesterday is history，tomorrow is a mystery，and today is a

gift.That’s why we call it—the present.

【语篇导读】文章旨在说明：生活中我们一定要处理好工作、家庭、健康、朋

友和精神这五者之间的平衡关系。

1．them [考查代词。name是叫……名字，是个动词，后面用宾格形式。]

2．pieces [考查名词复数。如果你扔掉他们其中的一个，就会碎成片。]

3．is [考查主谓一致。句意：因为我们是独一无二的，每个人都是特别的。each of us作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。]

4．what [考查宾语从句。句意：只有你知道什么对你来说是最好的。]

5．up [考查动词短语。give up放弃。]

6．trying [考查v.－ing形式作宾语。stop doing停止做某事。]

7．a [考查冠词。句意：知识是无形的，一种可以随身携带的财富。表示泛指。]

8．easily [考查副词。easily用来修饰carry。]

9．are going/are to go/will go [考查动词的时态。句意：不要让生活过得如何快，这样你就忘记你去过哪，你在哪和你将要去哪。]

10．be enjoyed [考查非谓语动词。句意：生活不是一场比赛，而是慢慢享受的旅行。]

语法填空

(2016·河南省八市重点高中质量检测)

The Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the __1__ (large) of the Earth's oceans, covering about 46% of the Earth's water surface and 32% of its total surface area. It extends __2__ the Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, __3__ (surround) by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

The Pacific Ocean contains about 25,000 islands. The __4__ (major) of them are found south of the equator. __5__ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the midlatitudes (中纬度) for __6__ (abundance)

equatorial precipitation (赤道降水) throughout the year.

The surface circulation of Pacific waters is __7__ (general) clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

The exploitation of the Pacific's mineral wealth is various, __8__ is influenced by the ocean's great depths. In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia and New Zealand, natural gas is produced, and pearls __9__ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japan and the Philippines. One more thing worth __10__ (mention) is that the Pacific's greatest wealth is its fish.

1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________

5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________

9．________ 10.________

【参考答案】.语法填空

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上最大的大洋——太平洋。

1．largest 根据句意及空前的“the”可知，此处应该使用形容词的最高

级形式。

2．from 此处指它从北半球的北极延伸到南半球的南极地区。from与后面

的to形成对应。

3．surrounded 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且由空格后

的by可知，此处指的是太平洋被围绕，表被动，故应用过去分词。

4．majority 由空前的“The”和空后的“of”可知，这里应填一个名词。major本身可以作名词，表示“专业”，显然不符合语境。此处应用

majority“大部分”，符合语境。

5．The 根据water后面的修饰语“near the equator”可知，此处应用定冠词The表特指。

6．abundant 根据语境和句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词，故

应用其形容词形式。

7．generally 此处表示“通常，太平洋水域的表面循环在北半球是顺时针方向的，在南半球是逆时针方向的”。应用副词修饰整个句子，故填

generally。

8．which 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The exploitation，且在从句中作主语，故只能用which。

9．are harvested 根据句子结构可知，pearls与harvest之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且本文的基本时态为一般现在时，故此处也需用一般时，故填are harvested。

10．mentioning 分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作worth的宾语，worth后接动词时应用其ing形式，即用主动形式表被动含义。worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。

高考英语语法填空汇编教学教材

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精品文档 2019年高考英语语法填空汇编 （一）2019年全国1卷 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The polar bear is found in the Arctic Ci r cle and some big land masses a s f ar south as N ewf oundland. Wh i le they a r e ra re nor t h o f 88°,there is evi denc e 61 t h e y range all the w a y across t h e Arc t ic,and as far s o uth as J a m es Bay in Ca na da.It is di f ficu l t t o f i g ure o u t a g lob a l popula t ion of polar bears as much of the r a n ge has be e n 62 (poor) s t udie d; h owever, biolo g ists calc ul ate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Mo de m m eth o ds 63 t racking pol a r be ar popula t ions have b ee n e m ployed on l y s ince the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (per fo r m) consistent l y over a large area. In r e cent yea r s some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (r epor t) increases in bear sightings ar ound hum a n se ttl ements,l ea ding to a 66 (b elieve) that populations are i n c r easing.Scientists have re s ponded by 67 (n ote) that hung r y bea r s may be cong r eg at ing(聚集) aroun d h u man s ett le m en t s, lea ding to t he i l lusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) t ha n they actually are.O f 69 ninet e en recognized polar bear subpopulations, thre e are d e cli ning,six 70 (be) stable, one is incr e asing, and nine lack enough dat a. （二）2019年全国2卷 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for 61 （be） Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene 64 （declare）she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the 收集于网络，如有侵权请联系管理员删除

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高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。

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(完整版)2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识：第6讲名词性从句

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20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选C。2．Every year，________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (2017·北京，23) A．whatever B．whoever C．whomever D．whichever 答案 B 解析考查主语从句。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever 无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何……的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。 3．Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing ________ she was heading. (2017·北京，26) A．why B．where C．how D．when 答案 B 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。 4．She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津，4) A．when B．where C．whether D．what 答案 C 解析考查宾语从句。句意为：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when 什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。

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A （2018全国一卷） According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running regatesalstly cann't make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause). The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always 69 (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try. B （2018全国二卷） Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 61 （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent. A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to

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