shertage_of_clean_water_supply
As a highly developed awareness of the negative impact of industry is expected is not enough to prevent negative, resulting in a global three major crises: the shortage of resources, environmental pollution and ecological damage. Human constant discharge of pollutants into the environment. However, due to air, water, soil, diffusion, dilution, oxidation and reduction, the role of biological degradation. The concentration of pollutants and toxic naturally lower, a phenomenon called the environmental self-purification. If the discharge to the environment than the self-purification capacity, adverse changes in environmental quality will occur, endangering human health and survival, which occurred in environmental pollution.
There are various categories of environmental pollution:
Divided by environmental factors: air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution. Divided by human activities: industrial pollution, urban environmental pollution, agricultural pollution.
Environmental pollution caused by nature, source: chemical pollution, biological contamination, physical pollution (noise pollution, radiation, electromagnetic waves) of solid waste pollution, energy and pollution.
One of the most serious water pollution.
So far, not in human on the planet other than Earth found in water. Water is the source of life, human life is not a lack of material, human tissue in the body of water accounts for sixty to seventy percent by weight, other animals or plants also account for the body of water more than five per cent, shows that water is essential to sustain life material.
In recent years, water pollution is very serious, it is a lot of water, or discharge of waste water, can cause serious water pollution.
Commonly known as the water pollution, mai nly due to human factors that directly or indirectly involved in the pollutants in the water, the changes in its physical, chemical or biological characteristics of the change, which affects the normal use of water or endangers public health and living environment. Water pollution sources, including natural sources and anthropogenic sources of pollution, man-made sources of pollution are domestic and industrial wastewater discharges, pesticides, fertilizers and other substances, by surface water or groundwater infiltration and flow and into the water, making the water environment pollution, forest of logging, farming, civil engineering caused by human factors such as plankton and dissolved in water increases and so on.
Not only rivers, lakes, pollution, marine pollution is also serious. Polluted rivers will continue to pollute the ocean, and marine oil pollution incidents occur frequently, but also a major cause of marine pollution. Marine pollution arising after suffering a severe red tide marine phenomenon is due to
over-nutrition of sea water, some of the explosive reproduction of plankton in the water, this extraordinarily large plankton growth is pink or reddish-brown, so dyed water, leading to red tides. Red Tide is not only to the marine environment, marine fisheries and aquaculture cause serious harm, but also affects both human health and even life. On the one hand, red tide, ocean
mutation caused partial disruption of marine food chain, so that became the Dead Sea area; the other hand, some of red tide organisms secrete toxins, these toxins are some of the food chain biological intake, and then if the human consumption of these organisms, the will lead to poisoning or even death.
The cause of water pollution is a serious lack of one of the main. According to statistics, more than 100 countries around the world there are different degrees of water shortage, including 28 countries classified as
water-scarce countries or serious water-scarce countries. Currently there are many parts of the world's water supply crisis.
The lack of water resources and pollution to people's lives a series of problems. According to the survey, Libya and India, respectively, the current exploitation of water resources rational utilization of their 4 times and twice, it will directly affect their future agricultural production. Bangkok, Thailand due to the long over-exploitation of groundwater, resulting in the risk of urban ground subsidence occurred ... ... With the acceleration of urbanization, 2030, the urban population in developing countries increased by 3 times than now. If you do not take effective measures, the face of urban population growth and very limited water resources, people will do nothing. Currently, 1.4 billion people worldwide live in areas where lack of clean drinking water, 700 million people worldwide each year due to lack of water or drink unsafe water and disease deaths. And residents suffering from the disease, about 80% of unqualified drinking water directly or indirectly related.
China is a shortage of water resources, water, disaster-prone countries, ranking sixth in total water resources per capita is only 2,500 cubic meters, about the world's per capita water 1 / 4, ranked 110th in the world, has been the United Nations as one of 13 water-poor countries.
Over the years, the declining quality of water resources, water environment continued to deteriorate, due to pollution and accidents caused by water shortages continue to occur, not only factories closed and agricultural production or crops, and resulted in adverse social impacts and the larger economy loss, a serious threat to the sustainable development of society and threaten the survival of humanity. China's seven major river systems of the size of the degree of pollution in order to sort the pollution levels, the result is: the Liaohe, Haihe, Huaihe River, Yellow River, Songhua River, the Yangtze River, which, Liaohe, Haihe, Huaihe River pollution the most. Considering the status of surface water quality, in line with "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" Ⅰ, Ⅱclass standard only 32.2% (river statistics), in line with the standard Class Ⅲ28.9%, are Ⅳ, Ⅴstandard accounting class 38.9%, if Ⅲstandard and as pollution statistics, the 67.8% of the length of the river is polluted, accounting for monitoring the length of the river 2 / 3, showing a very serious pollution of surface water resources
Serious pollution of surface water resources, pollution of groundwater resources can not be optimistic?
Five provinces in northern China and the Haihe River Basin groundwater resources, both in rural (including pastoral areas) or urban areas, shallow water or deep water are polluted in varying degrees in some areas (mainly around the city, the sewage and wastewater irrigation on both sides of river ) and part of the city's more serious groundwater pollution, pollution, the rise (Jinchuan Liang, 1996).
Specifically, according to the five northern provinces and autonomous regions (Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia) 1995 points of groundwater monitoring well water quality data, in accordance with the "water quality standards" (GB/T14848-93) evaluation, the results show that 69 cities, Ⅰwater quality in the city does not exist, Ⅱwater quality in the city is only 10, only 14.5%, ⅢGrade 22 cities, accounting for 31.9%, Ⅳ, ⅥGrade 37 cities, accounted for 53.6% of the total evaluation of the city, that is 1 / 2 or more cities, urban groundwater pollution. The Haihe River Basin, groundwater pollution is even more shocking, 2 015 points of groundwater monitoring wells show that water quality monitoring data, in line Ⅰ- Ⅲwater quality standard is only 443, accounting for 22.0% of the total evaluation, in line with Grade Ⅳand ⅥStandards 880 and 629, respectively, accounting for evaluation of the total number of wells 43.7% and 34.3%, or 78% of the groundwater is polluted; if drinking water standards for evaluation, the total number of wells in the evaluation, only 328 hole water quality standard of living, accounting for only 31.2% of the total evaluation, the other 2 / 3 of the monitoring wells for drinking water quality does not meet the standard of life.
In order to promote integrated water resources planning and management, strengthening protection of water resources, to solve the increasingly serious water problems, carrying out extensive publicity to raise public awareness of development and protection of water resources, January 18, 1993, 47th United Nations General Assembly since 1993, each year on March 22 as World Water Day.
Facing a serious water shortage, water pollution problems, we should take action and treasure every drop of water, take water-saving technology, pollution control, afforestation and other measures, rational use and protection of water resources.