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《大学物理I、II》(下)模拟试题(1)

《大学物理I、II》(下)模拟试题(1)
《大学物理I、II》(下)模拟试题(1)

《大学物理I 、II 》(下)重修模拟试题(1)

一、选择题(每小题3分,共36分)

1.把单摆摆球从平衡位置向位移正方向拉开,使摆线与竖直方向成一微小角度θ ,然后由静止放手任其振动,从放手时开始计时.若用余弦函数表示其运动方程,则该单摆振动的初相为 (A) π (B) π/2 (C) 0 (D) θ [ ]

2.两相干波源S 1和S 2相距λ /4,(λ 为波长),

S 1的相位比S 2的相位超前π2

1

,在S 1,S 2的连线上,

S 1外侧各点(例如P 点)两波引起的两谐振动的相位差是

(A) 0 (B)

2

π (C) π (D) π23

. [ ]

3. 如果在长为L 、两端固定的弦线上形成驻波,则此驻波的基频波(波长最长的波)的波长为

(A) L /2. (B) L .

(C) 3L /2. (D) 2L . [ ]

4.一束平行单色光垂直入射在光栅上,当光栅常数)(b a +为下列哪种情况时(a 代表每条缝的宽度),k=4、8、12等级次的主极大均不出现

(A) a b a 3=+ (B) a b a 4=+

(C) a b a 6=+

(D) a b a 8=+ [ ]

S 1

S 2

P

λ/4

5.如图所示,折射率为n 2、厚度为e 的透明介质薄膜的上方和下方的透明介质的折射率分别为n 1和n 3,已知n 1<n 2<n 3.若用波长为λ的单色平行光垂直入射到该薄膜上,则从薄膜上、下两表面反射的光束①与②的光程差是 (A) 2n 2 e -λ / 2 (B) 2n 2 e

(C) 2n 2 e + λ / 2 (D) 2n 2 e -λ / (2n 2) [ ]

6.如果两个偏振片堆叠在一起,且偏振化方向之间夹角为60°,光强为I 0的自然光垂直入射在偏振片上,则出射光强为

(A) I 0 / 8 (B) I 0 / 4

(C) 3 I 0 / 8 (D) 3 I 0 / 4. [ ] 7.在标准状态下,若氧气(可视为刚性双原子分子的理想气体)和氦气的体积比为2

121=V V ,则其内能之比21:E E 为

(A) 1∶2 (B) 5∶3 (C) 5∶6 (D) 3∶10 [ ] 8.如图,bca 为理想气体绝热过程,b 1a 和b 2a 是任意过程,则上述两过程

中气体对外作功与吸收热量的情况是 (A) b 1a 过程吸热,作正功;b 2a 过程吸热,作负功 (B) b 1a 过程放热,作正功;b 2a 过程吸热,作正功 (C) b 1a 过程放热,作负功;b 2a 过程放热,作负功 (D) b 1a 过程吸热,作负功;b 2a 过程放热,作负功 [ ] 9.1mol 理想气体的状态变化如图所示,其中1—3为等温线,则气体经历1—2—3过程的熵变ΔS 为(R 为摩尔气体常量)

(A) 0 (B) R ln4

(C)

2R ln4 (D) 4R [ ]

n 3

p

O

V b

1

2 a

c

10.一匀质矩形薄板,在它静止时测得其长为a 、宽为b ,质量为m 0。由此可算出其质量面密度为ab

m 0

。假定该薄板沿长度方向以接近光速的速度u

作匀速直线运动,此时再测算该矩形薄板的质量面密度则为 (A) []

2

01)c u (ab m - (B) ab

c u m 2

0)(1-

(C)

2

)

(1c u ab m - (D)

[

]

2

3

2

1)

c u (ab m - [ ]

11.光子的能量为0.5MeV 的X 射线,入射到某种物质上而产生康普顿散射。若反冲电子的动能为0.1MeV ,则散射光波长的改变量?λ与入射光波长λ0之比值为

(A) 0.10

(B) 0.15

(C) 0.20 (D) 0.25

[ ]

12.如图所示,一束动量为p 的电子,通过缝宽为a 的狭缝.在距离狭缝为R 处放置一荧光屏,屏上衍射图样中央最大的宽度d 等于

(A) 2Rh /(ap ) (B) 2ha /p (C) 2ha /(Rp ) (D) 2a 2/R

[ ]

二、填空题(每小空2分,共24分)

1.一个质点同时参与两个在同一直线上的简谐振动,其表达式分别为 )612c o s (10421π+?=-t x , )6

52cos(10322π-?=-t x (SI)

则其合成振动的振动方程为_____________ __。

2.有A 和B 两个汽笛,其频率均为404 Hz .A 是静止的,B 以3.3 m/s 的速度远离A 。在两个汽笛之间有一位静止的观察者,他听到的声音的拍频是(已知空气中的声速为330 m/s )____________。

3.某时刻驻波波形曲线如图所示,则a 、b 两点振动的相位差是 。

4.在单缝夫琅禾费衍射示意图中,所画出

的各条正入射光线间距相等,那么在P 点衍射角的方向,单缝处波阵面可分成的半波带数目为

个,P 点应为

点。(明或暗)

5. 用波长600=λnm 的单色光垂直照射到牛顿环装置上,第二级明纹与第五级明纹所对应的空气膜厚度之差为 nm 。

6.图示的两条f (v )~v 曲线分别表示氢气和

氧气在同一温度下的麦克斯韦速率分布曲线。由此可得 氢气分子的最概然速率为_____________m/s ;

氧气分子的最概然速率为_____________ m/s 。

7.一定量的某种双原子分理想气体在等压过程中对外作功为200J ,则需吸热 J 。

8.以速度v 相对于地球作匀速直线运动的恒星所发射的光子,其相对于地球的速度的大小为______ 。(光速用c 表示)

9.低速运动的质子和α 粒子(氦核)。若它们的德布罗意波长相同,则它们的动量之比P P ∶αP =

;动能之比P E ∶αE =

三、计算题(共40分)

1.(本题10分)如图所示为一平面简谐波在t = 0 时

点P的运动方向向上,求

(1) 该波以O点为原点的波动方程的表达式;

(2) 在距原点O为100 m处质点的振动方程;

(3) 在波的传播方向上距原点分别为x1=50m、x2=200m两点间的相位差大小。

2.(本题10分)一定量的单原子分子理想气体,从初态A出发,沿图示直线过程变到另一状态B,又经过等体、等压两过程回到状态A。

(1) 求A→B过程中系统对外所作的功

W AB,内能的增量?E AB以及所吸收的热量Q AB;

(2) 整个循环过程中系统对外所作的净功W以及从外界吸收的热量Q1;

(3) 循环过程的效率η。

3) 5

3.(本题5分)一双缝装置有一个缝被折射率为1.60的薄玻璃片所遮盖,在玻璃片插入以后,屏上原来的中央极大所在点,现变为第六级明纹,假定入λ550nm,求玻璃片厚度d。

射光波长=

4.(本题5分)设光栅平面和透镜都与屏幕平行,在平面透射光栅上每厘米有5000条刻线,用它来观察钠黄光(λ=589 nm)的光谱线。当光线以30°的入射角(入射线与光栅平面的法线的夹角)斜入射到光栅上时,能看到的光k'是多少?(1nm=10-9m)

谱线的最高级次

m

5.(本题5分)已知某粒子的静止能量为 200MeV ,平均寿命为τ0。试求动能为 150 MeV 的该粒子的速度v 是多少?此时平均寿命τ 是τ0多少倍?

6.(本题5分)已知粒子在一维矩形无限深势阱中运动,其波函数为

x a

π

a x ψ2sin 2=

)( )0(a x ≤≤,试求: (1)粒子在a x 12

1

=

处出现的概率密度; (2)粒子在哪些位置出现的概率最大。

【典型题】七年级数学下期末模拟试题及答案(1)

【典型题】七年级数学下期末模拟试题及答案(1) 一、选择题 1. 1 16 的平方根是( ) A .± 12 B .± 14 C . 14 D . 12 2.在平面直角坐标中,点M(-2,3)在( ) A .第一象限 B .第二象限 C .第三象 限 D .第四象限 3.下面不等式一定成立的是( ) A . 2 a a < B .a a -< C .若a b >,c d =,则ac bd > D .若1a b >>,则22a b > 4.下列方程中,是二元一次方程的是( ) A .x ﹣y 2=1 B .2x ﹣y =1 C . 1 1y x += D .xy ﹣1=0 5.已知方程组276359 632713 x y x y +=??+=-?的解满足1x y m -=-,则m 的值为( ) A .-1 B .-2 C .1 D .2 6.小明对九(1)、九(2)班(人数都为50人)参加“阳光体育”的情况进行了调查,统计结果如图所示.下列说法中正确的是( ) A .喜欢乒乓球的人数(1)班比(2)班多 B .喜欢足球的人数(1)班比(2)班多 C .喜欢羽毛球的人数(1)班比(2)班多 D .喜欢篮球的人数(2)班比(1)班多 7.已知关于x ,y 的二元一次方程组231ax by ax by +=??-=?的解为1 1 x y =??=-?,则a ﹣2b 的值是 ( ) A .﹣2 B .2 C .3 D .﹣3 8.不等式4-2x >0的解集在数轴上表示为( ) A . B . C .

D . 9.在直角坐标系中,若点P(2x -6,x -5)在第四象限,则x 的取值范围是( ) A .3<x <5 B .-5<x <3 C .-3<x <5 D .-5<x <-3 10.若点(),1P a a -在x 轴上,则点()2,1Q a a -+在第( )象限. A .一 B .二 C .三 D .四 11.已知:ABC ?中,AB AC =,求证:90O B ∠<,下面写出可运用反证法证明这个命 题的四个步骤: ①∴180O A B C ∠+∠+∠>,这与三角形内角和为180O 矛盾,②因此假设不成立.∴90O B ∠<,③假设在ABC ?中,90O B ∠≥,④由AB AC =,得 90O B C ∠=∠≥,即180O B C ∠+∠≥.这四个步骤正确的顺序应是( ) A .③④②① B .③④①② C .①②③④ D .④③①② 12.关于x ,y 的方程组2, 226 x y a x y a +=??+=-?的解满足0x y +=,则a 的值为( ) A .8 B .6 C .4 D .2 二、填空题 13.若方程33x x m +=-的解是正数,则m 的取值范围是______. 14.2018年国内航空公司规定:旅客乘机时,免费携带行李箱的长,宽,高三者之和不超过115cm .某厂家生产符合该规定的行李箱.已知行李箱的宽为20cm ,长与高的比为8:11 ,则符合此规定的行李箱的高的最大值为 cm . 15.不等式71x ->的正整数解为:______________. 16.不等式组1 1{2320 x x ≥--<的解集为________. 17.如果一个数的平方根为a+1和2a-7, 这个数为 ________ 18.如图,已知AB 、CD 相交于点O,OE ⊥AB 于O ,∠EOC=28°,则∠AOD=_____度; 19.为了了解某商品促销广告中所称中奖率的真实性,某人买了100件该商品调查其中奖率,那么他采用的调查方式是______.

七年级(上)期末数学模拟试题(含答案)

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20XX年人教版八年级下英语期末考试试题姓名 一、单项选择:(20) ( ) 21. Although he isn’t adult, he should understand importance of protecting the environment. A.a;an B.an;a C.an;the D.an;an ( ) 22. With the of science technology,our country is becoming stronger and stronger. A. achievement B.amusement C.excitement D.development ( ) 23. careful you are in the exam, mistakes you’ll make. A. The more; the fewer B. The most; the fewer C. The less; the more D. A or C ( ) 24. --- As a middle school student , we must have a good study habit. --- Yes, first we mustn’t today’s homework till tomorrow. A. put off B.put out C. take off D.give out ( ) 25. Kate was ill last week. But she is to go to school today. A.good enough B.enough good C.well enough D.enough well ( ) 26. ---Where’s Mr Green? Could you tell me? --- Sure, he Beijing to attend an important meeting. A. went B.has been to C.has gone to D.has gone back ( ) 27.The story made the girl her family back in her home town . A. miss B. missing C. misses D. to miss ( )28. I was going out to play with my friends my mother asked me , “ Tom, Please finish your homework first!” A. when B.while C. unless D.until ( ) 29. I have never read book that I can’t put it down . A.so an excellent B. a such excellent C. such excellent a D. such an excellent ( ) 30. --- Do you have lots of homework every day? --- No, I only have . But none is easy. A. a little B. a few C. few D. little ( ) 31. My father watched me basketball when I took part in our school sports meeting. A. play B. playing C. to play D. played ( ) 32. ---Have a lot of travelers visited the museum? ---Yes, and they are foreigners. A. luckily B.mostly C.recently D.brightly ( )33. ---He’s never tasted Indian food. How about you,Jack? ---. It’s said to be very hot. A. So have I B.So I have C.Neither have I D. Neither I have ( ) 34. --- How long have you a League member? ---Since two years ago. A. joined B.been C.been joined D.been in ( ) 35. --- Please look at the sign, “ No smoking here !” --- Sorry, . A. I didn’t see it B. I won’t see it

【好题】七年级数学下期末第一次模拟试题含答案(1)

【好题】七年级数学下期末第一次模拟试题含答案(1) 一、选择题 1.如图,直线BC 与MN 相交于点O ,AO ⊥BC ,OE 平分∠BON ,若∠EON =20°,则∠AOM 的度数为( ) A .40° B .50° C .60° D .70° 2.已知二元一次方程组m 2n 42m n 3-=??-=? ,则m+n 的值是( ) A .1 B .0 C .-2 D .-1 3.已知关于x 的不等式组 的解中有3个整数解,则m 的取值范围是( ) A .3,c d =,则ac bd > D .若1a b >>,则22a b > 6.将一副三角板和一张对边平行的纸条按如图摆放,两个三角板的一直角边重合,含30°角的直角三角板的斜边与纸条一边重合,含45°角的三角板的一个顶点在纸条的另一边上,则∠1的度数是( ) A .15° B .22.5° C .30° D .45° 7.为了绿化校园,30名学生共种78棵树苗,其中男生每人种3棵,女生每人种2棵,设男生有x 人,女生有y 人,根据题意,所列方程组正确的是( )

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