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医学文献英文翻译

医学文献英文翻译
医学文献英文翻译

医学文献英文翻译

原文:皮质下缺血性脑血管疾病(subcortical ischemic vascular

disease,SIVD)是一组以小血管病变为主要病因、以皮质下多发性腔隙性梗死和脑白质病变为主要脑部损害的缺血性脑血管病,是引起血管性认知功能损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)最常见的亚型。SIVD可引起步态障碍,如帕金森样步态、共济失调性步态、走路不稳或无明显诱因的频繁跌倒,有研究表明,步态异常可能是血管性痴呆的早期标志。本文将从SIVD导致步态障碍的病理机制、步态障碍类型、步态障碍与认知损害关系、步态障碍的分析与评价、治疗等方面进行综述。

翻译:皮质下缺血性脑血管疾病(subcortical ischemic vascular disease,SIVD)是一组以小血管病变为主要病因、以皮质下多发性腔隙性梗死和脑白质病变为主要脑部损害的缺血性脑血管病,是引起血管性认知功能损害(vascular cognitive impairment,VCI)最常见的亚型。

Subcortical ischemic vascular disease(SIVD)is a case of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, the leading cause of which is small vessel lesions, and the subsequent main damages to the brain are subcortical multiple lacunae infarct and leukodystrophy; it is the most common subtype that causes vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).

SIVD可引起步态障碍,如帕金森样步态、共济失调性步态、走路不稳或无明显诱因的频繁跌倒,有研究表明,步态异常可能是血管性痴呆的早期标志。本文将从SIVD导致步态障碍的病理机制、步态障碍类型、步态障碍与认知损害关系、步态障碍的分析与评价、治疗等方面进行综述。

SIVD can induce gait disorder, such as Parkinson gait, ataxic gait, ataxia or frequent tumbles without obvious causes; research shows that abnormal gait may be early signs of vascular dementia. From the pathological mechanism of gait disorder caused by SIVD, this paper describes the types of gait disorder, the relationship between gait disorder and cognitive impairment and the analysis, evaluation as well as the treatment of gait disorders.

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Book3 Unit2 1.show off 卖弄 2.Let’s say 比如说 3.get up a show 安排一场演出 4.right out 明白地;彻底 5.run down an alley 沿…跑下去 6.go broke 破产 7.give credit 赊账 8.fool around 游手好闲 9.hardware store 五金店 10.liven up 使…有生气 11.make sb look like a fool 使sb看起来很傻 12.just the same 完全一样;依旧;尽管 13.be intimate with 与…十分亲密 14.take charge of 掌管 15.slip off 溜出去 16.get word 得知;获悉 17.get hold of 找到;得到;抓住 18.have sb licked 打败sb 19.thick with sb 与…亲密友好 20.call it quits 停止(战争,争吵,比赛) 21.show up 露面 22. a couple of shots 少量(几口) 23.down and out 穷困潦倒的 24.slap it on the table 啪的一声把sth扔到桌子上 25.You bet 的确,当然,一定 26.hush it up 隐瞒 27.lead down into a valley 通往;通向 28.strick out on one’s own 独立做 strick sth out 删除 strick out to/into/for sth 朝特定的方向坚定行进 29.be ashamed of 羞愧 30.dirt road 泥路,土路 31.grand marshal 总指挥 32.strike v. 给sb印象;罢工;撞击; 使产生某种感情strike fear into people’s hearts 让sb 处于…状态strick blind n. 罢工on strick 幸运(一次,一回);(运气)突然来临,偶然发生 Eg:That was a wonderful stroke of luck. 33.remember v remember sb/sth 记得;记起(remember of) remember that 记得 remember doing 记得做过

专业英语翻译(路桥方向,第三版)2

Lesson9线形设计 竖直曲线和水平曲线的布置组成了高速公路的线形,竖曲线包括直的纵坡线和连接纵坡线的抛物线.平曲线包括直线段和连接它们并改变方向的圆曲线段.线形的设计主要依赖于高速公路设计速度的选择,与自然地形相符合的线形造价最小。通常这种情况是不可能的,然而,因为设计师必须遵循一定的设计标准,而这些标准也许并不能适应地形○1,重要的是既定部分的线形必须遵循一致的标准来避免高速路在竖直和水平定线时产生突变,同样,竖曲线和平曲线在设计是要相互补充协调,,这样才能设计出一条安全的和更有吸引力的高速公路。为了达到这一点,一个应该考虑的因素是适当地保持直线坡度和平曲线曲率的平衡,处理好平曲线和竖曲线间的相互位置。例如,在较大半径的陡坡上设置平曲线是一种较差的设计,同理,如果在一个明显的凸形竖曲线的顶部或附近设置小半径平曲线,或在明显的凹形竖曲线底部或附近设置小半径平曲线,,这将导致这里是一个危险部分。因而在初步设计阶段把竖曲线和平曲线的协调综合考虑是很重要的。 高速公路的竖向线形是有被称之为纵坡或切线的直线部分和与之相连的竖曲线组成,因而竖向线形的设计包括直线部分合适坡度的选择和竖曲线的设计。路线所穿越区域的地形对书香线形设计有极其重要的影响。 坡度对重交通路线的影响必须被考虑,,如果是陡坡或长坡会使重交通车辆的车速降低很快,注意到陡坡不仅影响重车的性能还影响轿车的性能,为了限制坡度对车辆的影响,任何高速路的最大坡度都应明智选择。高速公路的最大坡度取决于设计速度和设计车辆,普遍认为4%--5%的坡度对小客车的影响不大或没有影响,除非是重量与功率比比较高的车,例如那些小型车和微型车。○2当坡度大于5%时,客车在上坡时速度进一步降低在下坡时进一步增加,坡度对卡车的影响大于对客车的影响,广泛的研究结果表明,卡车在下坡时速度增加5%,而在上坡时减小接近7%,这取决于坡度比例和坡长。最大坡度的确立依据是高速公路上的设计车辆的操作性能,最大坡度的变化范围从设计时速70英里时的5%到设计时速为30英里时的7%-12%,这取决于高速公路的类型。另一方面,当坡长不足500英尺时,且下坡方向为单向路线时,最大纵坡或许可以提高1%-2%,特别是在交通量较低的乡村道路。 最小纵坡取决于排水条件,零坡度的道路被用在有足够横坡足以排尽路表水的路段,当路面有限定时,纵坡应能排尽纵向流动的路表水,在这种情况下习惯上选用最小0.5%的坡度,有时,在有合适路拱和硬地的高等级路面建设中,这个坡度可能会被减小到0.3%。 竖曲线通常用于直线纵坡间的逐渐过渡以利于车辆平顺的通过高速路,这些竖曲线通常是抛物线形的,竖曲线的最小长度的选定取决于所选抛物线的特性,竖曲线分凸形和凹形竖曲线。 竖曲线的设计应满足的主要标准有:能提供最小的停车视距,要有充足的排水,行车舒适,外观良好。凸形竖曲线仅需满足第一条标准,而凹形竖曲线四条标准都要满足。 水平线形有直线和平曲线组成,平曲线通常是被分割的圆曲线,他有一定的半径可使车辆平顺的通过。 因此,水平线性的设计必须确定最小半径,曲线长度,以及计算从切线到曲线的平面支距,以有助于曲线的定线,○4在有些情况下,为了避免直线段的曲率半径无限大到圆曲线段曲率半径为一定值之间的突变,通常需要在他们之间插入一段曲率半径逐渐变化的曲线,这种曲线称之为回旋线或缓和曲线。 有四种类型的水平曲线:简单曲线,复曲线,反向曲线,回旋线。 简单曲线是圆弧的一段,然而复曲线由两条或两条以上的转向相同的连续曲线组成,任何两条曲线都有一个相同的切点,,这些曲线可用来获取较理想的水平线形,特别是在立体交叉处,交叉匝道,特殊地形区情况下的高速公路,为了避免线形的突变,任何两条依次相连的简单曲线组成的复曲线半径不宜相差过大,。美国公路学会建议,在交叉路口复曲线半径的最大半径和最小半径之比不能超过2:1,在这里司机可以适应曲率和速度的突变,让人满意的立体交叉道的最大比率为1.75:1.虽然2:1也被使用。 为使大曲率曲线与急弯曲线间平缓过度,并使曲线半径的减小有一个合理的渐变率,每条曲线的长度不能太短。 反向曲线通常是由两条半径相等且具有同一切点转向相反的简单曲线组成,他们经常用于高速路的线形改变。 反向曲线很少被推荐使用是因为突变的线形是司机感到很难在同一车到驾驶,如果有必要设计反向线形,合理的设计是由简单曲线组成,中间插入一段有足够长度的直线以达到全超高。○5作为一种选择,简单曲线或许被等效长度的回旋线隔开。 缓和曲线设置在直线段与圆曲线段之间或两个不同半径的圆曲线之间,缓和曲线的作用是在车辆进入或离开圆曲线时为车辆提供一个逐渐增加或降低的向心力,设置直线段与圆曲线之间的缓和曲线的曲率由直线段末端的

各专业的英文翻译剖析

哲学Philosophy 马克思主义哲学Philosophy of Marxism 中国哲学Chinese Philosophy 外国哲学Foreign Philosophies 逻辑学Logic 伦理学Ethics 美学Aesthetics 宗教学Science of Religion 科学技术哲学Philosophy of Science and Technology 经济学Economics 理论经济学Theoretical Economics 政治经济学Political Economy 经济思想史History of Economic Thought 经济史History of Economic 西方经济学Western Economics 世界经济World Economics 人口、资源与环境经济学Population, Resources and Environmental Economics 应用经济学Applied Economics 国民经济学National Economics 区域经济学Regional Economics 财政学(含税收学)Public Finance (including Taxation) 金融学(含保险学)Finance (including Insurance) 产业经济学Industrial Economics 国际贸易学International Trade 劳动经济学Labor Economics 统计学Statistics 数量经济学Quantitative Economics 中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称 国防经济学National Defense Economics 法学Law 法学Science of Law 法学理论Jurisprudence 法律史Legal History 宪法学与行政法学Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学Criminal Jurisprudence 民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law ) 诉讼法学Science of Procedure Laws

工厂常用英语翻译

工廠常用英語翻譯(機械、模具) 总经理办公室General manager’s office 模具部Tooling department 项目部Project department品质部Quality department计划 部 Plan department 制造部Manufacture department产品部Keypad departmentIMD 产品部 IMD department五金部 Metal stamping department设计科 Design section冲压车间 Stamping workshop电镀车间 Plating workshop物控科 Production material control section 计划 科 Plan section 仓务科 Warehouse section商务科 Business section品质规划科 quality plan section IQC科 IQC sectionIPQC科 IPQC sectionOQC科 OQC section检测中心 measurement center 项目规划科 Project plan section项目XX科 Project section XX试模科 Mold test section成本科 Cost section 设备科 Facility section采购科 Purchase section综合办 General affairs office 编程科 Programming section 模具工程科 Tooling engineering section模具装配车间Mold assembly workshop文控中心 Document control center (DCC)注塑车间Injection workshop喷涂车间 Spray painting workshop装配车间Assembly workshop 总经理General manager (GM)经理managerXX部门经理Manager of XX department 原料库 Raw material warehouse半成品库 Semi-finished product warehouse成品库 Finished product warehouse科长 section chief 主任 chief 部门主管 department head主管, 线长supervisor组长Foreman, forelady秘书secretary 文员clerk操作员operator助理assistant职员staff 陶瓷ceramics合成纤维synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining车间workshop工程技术人员engineer气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity内力internal force位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit 断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint曲柄crank摇杆racker凸轮cams 共轭曲线conjugate curve 范成法generation method 定义域definitional domain 值域range 导数\\微分differential coefficient求导derivation 定积分definite integral不定积分indefinite integral 曲率curvature偏微分partial differential 毛坯rough游标卡尺slide caliper千分尺micrometer calipers 攻丝tap 二阶行列式second order determinant逆矩阵inverse matrix线性方程组linear equations 概率probability 随机变量random variable排列组合permutation and combination 气体状态方程equation of state of gas 动能kinetic energy 势能potential energy 机械能守恒conservation of mechanical energy 动量momentum 桁架truss轴线axes余子式cofactor

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