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虚拟语气总结：be型和were型知识讲解

虚拟语气总结：b e型

和w e r e型

学习虚拟语气的三个必知

一、were式虚拟

二、be式虚拟

三、几个特殊的句式

学习虚拟语气必须明确了解以下三点：

1、英语的所谓“虚拟语气”，从用途上区别有三种：一种用来表达与实际情况相反的虚构假设，一种用来表达“祈使愿望”的口气，另一种满足特殊的句式需要。

虚拟语气并不全是在表达虚构的情况，理解这一点非常重要。

2、虚拟语气从句式表现上有三种：表达与实际情况相反的虚构假设用were式虚拟，表达“祈使愿望”的口气be式虚拟，在特殊句式中的照句式要求而定。

3、学习虚拟语气，其目的不在于单纯解决语法问题，更不能停留在应试的层面上。掌握虚拟语气的用法对英语的阅读理解非常重要，尤其是进入大学以后，这一点更为重要。

一、were式虚拟

英语中，被叫做“were式虚拟”的这种虚拟语气，通过扭曲时态形式来表示与实际情况相反的虚构假设，具体的做法是将时态的形式“倒推一个时态”。这样的表述也许不太准确，但是非常实用，也极容易理解。

具体的做法，就是将现在时态变成过去时态，将过去时态变成“过去的过去”。

在这种虚拟语气的用法中，动词be至少要倒退一个时态成为“过去时态”的were（在虚拟语气中一般不用was，is、am、are倒推一个时态以后都写成were）。因此，这种表示与实际情况相反的虚构假设的虚拟语气就就以动词be的变化为例，叫做了were式虚拟。

were式虚拟主要用在wish从句，as if从句和非真实条件句。

下面我们结合具体的例子学习were式虚拟的用法：

wish从句的虚拟语气用法：

英语中表达一般性的愿望（即希望）用hope这个词，wish这个词往往表达难以实现或不能实现的愿望，所以要用虚拟语气，我们可以看看具体的用法:

I wish I had the money to buy the book.

这句话表达的意思是，“我现在没有钱买这本书，但是希望能买这本书，而因为没有钱，虽然有这种愿望，却也买不了这本书。”

wish从句中的动词have用来表达“现在有与没有”的情况，通过一个把have“倒推一个时态”变成had，had实际上表达了一个“现在没有”的概念，正好与have这个词的本义相反。

必须牢记：wish不是hope，wish要表达的是不能实现或难以实现的愿望，必须使用were式虚拟，必须通过扭曲wish从句的时态来体现这种虚拟语气。

下面的情况相同：

My little brother wishes he had wings to fly up into the sky.

Many people wish they could grow rich over a single night.

I wish I were a millionaire to have the money to buy all that

I need.

Poor little Tom, an orphan, wishes he were in a family full of

love and care.

My parents wish I would go to college, but they know I will

not.

I do wish you wouldn't smoke any more.

注意：上面最后一句中你不要再抽烟了，也不是不能实现的愿望，但是借用wish来表达，显得相当婉转，没有强加于人的意味，如果说成

I hope you will not smoke any

more.口气就过于强硬，颇有些居高临下的意味。请看下面的句子,用法上都差不多：

I wish you would come and help us out.

I wish you would be more respectful to your father.

I wish you would stay with me for a while.

I wish I had had the money to buy the book.

这句话表达的意思是，“我当时没有钱买这本书，但是我现在希望当时能买下这个本，因为没有钱，虽然现在还有希望当初能买下这本书的念头，但是这已是不能实现的愿望了。”

这时候，wish从句的正常时态应该是一般过去时态，但是，因为wish要表达一个不能实现的愿望，从句只好倒推一个时态，把一个一般过去时的had扭曲成了过去完成时的had

had。这时候的had

had，没有过去完成时的时态意义，只是通过一种扭曲了的时态形式表达了一个“虚拟”的情况，一种不能实现了的愿望。

下面的情况相同：

We all wish he had not made that silly mistake.

I really wish I had not overheard what he said about me.

Mr. Smith wishes that he had not spent off all his money.

It was late for the criminal to wish that he had not committed

the crime.

Linda wished that she had been more patient and careful in the

examination.

I wish I had been in your place to take the challenge.

（最后这一句中的had

been也往往写成were，因为这时候的were也是一种扭曲了的时态形式，也能表达出这个虚拟的意味。）

再强调一次：

wish后面从句的动词时态形式非常重要，句中的一般过去时表示的是与现在相反的情况，过去完成时表示的与过去相反的情况，过去将来时表示的

是与将来情况相反的愿望—过去将来时是一般将来时倒推一个时态的结果，这是以汉语为母语的初学英语者常常注意不够的地方。

下面是人们常常使用的例句：

I wish I knew the answer to the question.

I wish I had known the answer to the question.

I wish I could go with you.

I wish I could have gone with you yesterday.

请注意上面的最后一句，yesterday决定了could的过去时态，从形式上could不能倒推一个时态，为了体现“时态的倒推”（或者说时态的扭曲），could后面原本应该是一般形式的不定式go变成了完成式的形式have gone。这也是很有意思的语言现象，在各类的were式虚拟中都经常出现，非常值得注意。

当wish作名词使用的时候，其同位语从句表达的是wish的内容，也需要使用were式虚拟，例如：

We all have the wish that all mankind could live peacefully

together.

The wish that all the classmates came back to another reunion

is merely lovely dream.

as if从句的虚拟语气用法：

if的意思是“好像”，从用法上有两种，一种是不知道事实的真相，说其好像一种特定的情况；另一种是明知道事实的真相，却说其好像与事实不同的情况。在后一种情况下，句子应该使用虚拟语气，谓语动词的时态形式向后倒推一个时态，而在前一种情况下，句子处于陈述语气，应该使用正常的时态形式，请比较下面的谓语形式：

Mr. Sam Smith, my P.E. teacher, looks like an army officer.

The stranger at the school gate looks like an army officer.

在前一个句子里，我非常清楚我的体育老师不是军官，而我说他看起来像军官，就用虚拟语气。

在后一个句子里，我不知道门口陌生人的身份，不知道他是不是军官，我说他看起来像军官，就不用虚拟语气。

Tom looks calm and steady as if he were telling the truth.

Tom looks calm and steady as if he is telling the truth.

前一句表明汤姆是在撒谎，后一句说明汤姆可能在撒谎。

理解as

if从句的虚拟语气和陈述语气的不同用法很重要，特别是在阅读理解中更是显得非常重要，一旦有所疏忽，就可能把句子的含义弄混了，甚至弄反了。

He speaks as if he knew everything about the accident.(虚拟）

He speaks as if he knows everything about the accident.(陈述）

My mother is always talking as if she were a doctor of

medicine.(虚拟）

The young lady is talking as if she is a doctor of

medicine.（陈述）

You seem as if you had done all that you should have.(虚拟）

再强调一次，如果as

if从句中谓语动词的时态形式比正常时态倒退了一个时态，说明这个从句处于虚拟语气，在表明与事实不同的情况，如果as

if从句中的谓语动词时态正常，说明这个句子属于陈述语气，在表明与事实可能相同也可能相反的一种猜测。

非真实条件句的虚拟语气

if（如果）所引导的从句是典型的条件状语从句，分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。

非真实条件句是相对与真实条件句而言的。真实条件句表达了一个可能实现的条件，在这个条件之上推断出的可能性也是可以实现的；而非真实条件句表达了一个不能实现或者很难实现的条件，在这个条件之上推断出的可能性是不可能实现或非常难以实现的。

真实与非真实条件句有一个重要的共同点，其主句中均有will 或will 的变形would，表示建立在从句条件之上的可能性。

注意，这里的will或would 是情态动词，表示可能性，而不是表示将来时的助动词。

真实与非真实条件句的不同点是：就谓语动词形式来讲，非真实条件句比相应的时态中的真实条件句向后倒移了一个时态。换句话说，在条件句中，如果谓语动词的形式比它的时间状语所表示的时间倒移了一个时态，这个条件句即是非真实条件句。这一点与wish和as

if从句的情况相同。

因此，如果我们使用非真实条件句，只需在相应的真实条件句的基础上，使主从句的谓语形式同时向后推移一个时态。如果是关于过去的情况，主句中有表示可能性的would，其本身已经不可能实现时态的倒移，我们将would 后面的do

改写成have done，即通过这个无to 不定式的变化，以示其时态倒推之意。（例句在后面）

这样，不需死记硬背很多教材和语法书上有关虚拟语气句式变化的三个公式，只要掌握了时态倒推的变化规律，便可以掌握课本和语法书中那三个公式之所以成立的根本，只要在继之以适量的练习，就能熟练掌握了。

下面看一些情景练习，这些都是教学中常用的练习，包括了非真实条件句的多种情况。用上述的方法，解决这样的问题并不费力：

1. Last Sunday we all stayed indoors because it rained the

whole day.

用if后，主从句从真实条件句的基础上倒移一个事态。 If it hadn’t rained for a whole day,

we wouldn’t have stayed indoors last Sunday.

2. John and Joseph weren’t given the tickets, so they did not

go to the cinema. If John and Joseph had been given the

tickets, they would have gone to the cinema.

3. David Smith was required to leave the country within 24

hours because he had acted as a spy for a foreign country.

主句中的过去完成时“倒移”时其谓语动词不再变形，正如直接引语变成间接引语时那样：David Smith

would not have been required to leave the country if he h adn’t

acted as a spy for a foreign country.

4. I don’t like the diamond necklace, so I don’t want to have

it.

If I liked the diamond necklace, I would want to have it.

5. Johnson was warned of the danger last night, so now he

does everything very carefully.

本句和下两句是错综时间条件句，即主句和从句的时态不相同，本来可以成为非真实条件句教学中的一个难题，但是现在只要按照主从句谓语动词时态形式“倒移”的规则，问题就可以迎刃而解。

If Johnson hadn’t been warned of the danger last night, he

wouldn’t do everything so carefully.

If Johnson hadn’t been warned of the danger last night, he

wouldn’t do everything so carefully.

6. Joan received the invitation yesterday. She will go to the

party tomorrow evening. If Joan hadn’t received the invitation

yesterday, she would not go to the party tomorrow evening.

7. Larry has heard from quite a few friends in China and now

he knows much about this country. Larry wouldn’t know much

about this country if he hadn’t heard from quit e a few friends

in China.

8. Bob isn’t here, so we can’t ask him to help with the task.

在非真实条件句中be 的过去时形式一般用were： If Bob were here, we could ask hime

to help with the task.

9. We will have a sports meet next Sunday, so all the

students will have to come to school then.

注意从句的形式：

① If we didn’t have a sports meet next Sunday, the students

wouldn’t have to come to school then.

② If we weren’t to have a sports meet next Sunday, the

students wouldn’t have to come to school then.

③ If we shouldn’t have a sports meet next Sunday, the students

wouldn’t have to come to school then.

. 关于倒装句式:

在非真实条件句中，如果条件句中有助动词be, had, should等，连接词 if 可以省略，如：

Should I come late tomorrow, you could ask someone else to

take my place.

Should anything gone wrong with this device, you should go and

check with the local dealer.

Had you been here a minute late, you would have caught him

cheating in the test.

Had we asked him a second time, we would sure have had his

advice.

Were I to attend the meeting in Shanghai, I would fly there

tomorrow.

Were they in our place, they would have a totally different

opinion of the situation.

这时候要注意，如果条件句在主句后面，这种倒装的句式看着相当别扭：

The whole school would not have had that silly idea of the so

called invention had they noticed the date of the invention

issued: April 1st.

I would have taken what you said for granted had I not been to

the place myself.

You would get double paid were I to ask you for additional

service.

We would cancel the trip were the weather to be rainy.

Go and check with the local dealer should the recorder not

work properly.

I would have to change my plan should anything wrong happens.

最后再次强调两点：

Ａ、对最后一组句子还要些说明：

如果条件从句指的是将来时间，非真实条件句有三种形式：

第①句：因为真实条件句指将来时间时用现在时态，倒移其时态形式，直接用一般过去时的形式；

第②句：这里用were to do 形式，应该指明这是由be to do 结构倒移时态形式的结果（从is(am,are)

to do 到were to do）；

第③句：这里用should do，可以解释为should 与were to 在此句式同义，属于同义替代。

Ｂ、非真实条件是建立在与事实相反、或很难成为现实的假设基础之上，其主句是建立在这样的假设之上的推论，主句的would

(could, might, should)表示着一种不可实现，或难以实现的可能性，决

不能漏掉。

掌握了“时态倒移”的规律，非真实条件句的其他问题就很容易解决了。

二、be式虚拟

英语中，被叫做“be式虚拟”的这种虚拟语气，一般用在名词性从句中，这些名词性从句一般都与表示祈使意义的动词有关。最典型的是，suggest,

order, propose等表示祈使意义的动词的宾语从句，其谓语形式应该使用be式虚拟。

be式虚拟通过一种固定不变的谓语动词形式来表示说话者的一种“祈使愿望”，具体的做法是将谓语动词的形式固定为(should)

do,不论该语句应该使用什么时态，其谓语动词的形式都是 (should) do形式。以典型的动词be举例，不论它应该是什么时态形式，只要它用来表达“祈使愿望”的虚拟，它的形式就是（should)

be，或者说是be了，因此这种虚拟语气就被叫做be式虚拟。

例如：

We strongly suggested that the meeting be put off till the

next day.

The officer ordered that the spy be killed right away.

Mr. Smith proposed that people from both companies gather for

new ideas.

I will suggest to the school board that a basketball team be

set up soon.

以上几个句子中省略了should以后显得比较别扭，如果should这个词不省略，虽然看着就不那么别扭了，但是还是容易出错误的。

要记住两点：1、be式虚拟中的谓语动词形式是固定不变的，不受其本身应该使用的时态的限制；2、是否在一个宾语从句中使用be式虚拟，关键看该从句是否受含有祈使意义的动词的限定。

除 suggest, order, propose 以外，这类含有祈使意义的动词还有：advise, ask,

arrange, beg, command, demand, decide, desire, make up one's

mind, insist, plead, recommend, require, request 等等。

这些动词不管口气强弱的程度如何，都是在“祈使”别人做什么，因此虽然动词比较多，但是并不难记忆。

这些动词中，有一些动词是多义词，如 suggest 可表示“建议”也可表示“暗示、表明”, insist

可以表示“坚持要求”也可以表示“坚持认为、坚持表白”, decide (make up one's mind)

可表示“决定”也可以表示“认定、断定”, ask 可表示“要求”也可以表示“闻讯”等等,

只有当以上动词用作祈使意义的时候，受其限定的宾语从句的谓语才使用 be式虚拟。

例如：

The principal suggested that the vacation be cut short to two

days.

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied.

My brother insisted that I give away my rights to have my

father's house.

The bookseller insisted that I stole his book, but I didn't.

The president decided that the trip be cancelled.

The police decided that the old man was the murderer.

I sincerely ask that you all attend the meeting tomorrow.

Miss Smith asked if I was interested in her boat.

前面提到了be式虚拟用于名词性从句，宾语从句只是名词性从句的一种。

下面请看几个表语从句中使用be式虚拟的情况:

My idea is that we begin the party with a warm welcome to Mr.

Black.

Their proposal was that we start out one hour earlier.

We stuck to the original plan that we have a meeting before

taking actions.

His request was that we help the old lady with her daily

shopping.

My advice is that you should not come back to this place

again.

What he recommended was that we give it up completely.

What you should suggest to her is that she should go and see a

decent doctor.

(注意，最后一句话中的第一个should不能省略掉，第二个能。）

请看看几个主语从句中使用be式虚拟的情况：

That we go and visit the Great Wall was what you suggested to

us. Why didn't you go with us?

That you come to the school at 7:20 is clearly and firmly

required.

That the soldiers give up the city was the general's firm

order.

It will be desired that she finish all the preparation this

afternoon.

再请看看几个同位语从句中使用be式虚拟的情况：

They had a wrong attitude toward my suggestion that the house

not be rebuilt.

The order that soldiers shoot the protesters was not carried

out.

以上这些名词性从句一般都与表示祈使意义的动词有关，虽然这些从句作了主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，但是从逻辑意义上讲，仍然是这些表示祈使意义的动词逻辑上的宾语从句。认识到这一点，be式虚拟的变化规律就好掌握了，这是be式虚拟学习中最重要的要点。

三、几个特殊的句式

1、it is important that... ...

请先看下列句子：

It is important that you come and deliver the speech tomorrow.

It is necessary that we let none of us fall behind.

It is essential that Mr. Li come to help us with the new task.

It is only natural that you pay your respect to your

colleagues.

请观察，以上各句所表达的其实都是一种建议，是一种比较强烈的suggestion，因此这类句式可以归纳在上面的be式虚拟中。

注意：有些人把it is strange that... 和it is a pity (shame)

that...也归在此类句式中，其实有些不当。

It is strange that you should know about the whole thing.

It was strange that Tom should have stolen his father's money.

It was a big shame that you should have spoken to me like

that.

It was a pity that Linda should be so careless in the test.

It is no wonder that Mr. Smith should be so calm about the new

plan.

No wonder you should be so patient about it.

大家可以很清楚地看到，在it is strange that...和it is a pity (shame) that ...句式中没有丝毫的祈使意义，祈使意义是面向将来的，be式虚拟语气的各种从句的情况发生在主句情况之后，而it is

strange that...和it is a pity (shame) that

...句式中从句的情况发生在主句情况之前，此句式中的should表示了说话人惊奇的情感，有“竟然”的意味，是根本不能省略的。如果说话人没有惊奇的情感，这一类的句子也完全可以不用

should 这个词：

It is a pity that Mr. Chamberlin did not turn up at the

meeting.

It was a shame that Janet refused to speak at the party.

It was strange that only a few people showed interest in our

products.

、it is (high) time that... ...

It is high time we went home now.

== It is high time we should go home now.

It is time we started doing our work.

==It is time we should start doing our work.

It is time we left for the airport.

==It is time we should leave for the airport.

从意义上讲，这个句式没有任何were式虚拟的意味，但是最流行的用法是在其从句中使用一般过去时态。虽然这个句式有很多be式虚拟的意味，而且也可以使用should

do的形式，但是远不如用过去时态的形式更为流行和普遍，建议最好使用一般过去时态的形式，少用should do的形式。

我建议，大家在理解和运用it is (high) time

that...句式的时候不要把它理解成虚拟语气，只是把它当作一个特定的句式就可以了，这样掌握起来反而便利得多。建议的要点有二：

1、在 it is (high) time that...从句中尽量使用一般过去时态这种形式。

2、在 it is (high) time that...从句中如果使用了should do

的形式，要注意这个句式中的should 一般不省略。

3、if only...引导的感叹句

在if only...引导的感叹句中使用的虚拟语气属于were式虚拟，一般都是对没有发生某种情况或不能发生某种情况的遗憾：

If only I were a bird!

If only my mother were with me now!

If only you had come to our help yesterday!

If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!

If only I had said more about it!

4、其它句式：

很多的书籍中还另外一些句式也归类于虚拟语气，不管在语言发展史上这些句式是否曾经属于虚拟语气，从学习的角度看，我建议，还是把这些句式作为特殊的语言现象来掌握更为容易。在这种情况下“死记硬背”更为有效，多问几个为什么没有实质上的实践意义。

在 would like to do, would rather do, had better do 等句式中：

You had better not take this medicine any more.

I would rather stay home than go to the concert with my

parents.

Would you like to come to our party tonight.

表示客气和婉转的语气：

Could you answer this question for me?

Would you be kind enough to explain the paragraph for me?

It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

在“may you + 动词原形句式”中表示祝愿：

May you be happy! == Be happy!

May you succeed!

May you have a safe journey home! == Safe journey home! May you have good luck! == Good luck!

May God bless you! == God bless you! == Bless you!

高考英语虚拟语气用法精讲精练.doc

学习好资料欢迎下载一．语气的定义和种类。 1语气 (mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2语气的种类 a. 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ b.祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 Don’ t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 c.虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。对比： If I am a bird, I can fly in the sky. 二．虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如： If time permits, we ’ ll go fishing together. 如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If time permitted, we would go fishing together. （隐含的事实是：时间不允许，我们不会一起去钓鱼）。三．例句与练习： 1．表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。 If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth.要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你） If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我。（事实上她没有时间）练习： 1, If the color of your dress ____ red, you _____ look more cheerful. 2, If I ____(have to) say something good about your work, I ______ say“ well done”.

虚拟语气知识点总结和练习

虚拟语气语法总结虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块 1.虚拟条件句第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)

虚拟语气语法讲解与习题

虚拟语气一．语气的分类：二．虚拟语气的用法：（一）虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法： ---If I were you, I would give it up. (与现在事实相反) ---If I had taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. (与过去事实相反) ---If she came/should come/were to come, I could ask her for help. (与将来事实相反) 2．特殊用法： ①错综时间虚拟条件句：条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，主从句的谓语动词要根据假设的时间来定。 ---If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be much better now. ②if条件句虚拟倒装：可以把if从句中的should, were, had置于句首，省略if构成倒装。 ---Were I you, I would give it up. ---Had I taken his advice, I would not have made such a mistake. ---Should she come, I could ask her for help. ③含蓄虚拟条件句：有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, otherwise, or, but等。 ---Without/But for your help, I could not have succeeded. ---I should have returned the book last week, but I was too busy. （but后为真实情况） ---He was ill, otherwise/or he would have helped us. （otherwise/or前为真实情况） ④特殊的if句虚拟：If it were (had been) not for…“要不是…” ---If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life. ---If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. （二）虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法： 1．一些表示坚持，命令，建议，要求的词用于名词性从句中时从句的谓语动词用虚拟（一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求） ---Our teacher suggested that we (should) study hard. (宾语从句) ---That we (should) study hard was our teacher’s suggestion. (主语从句) ---It was suggested that we (should) study hard. (主语从句) ---Our teacher’s suggestion was that we (should) study hard. (表语从句) ---Our teacher gave us a suggestion that we (should) study hard. (同位语从句) ★suggest表示“暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时不用虚拟。 ---His pale face suggested that he was ill. ---The old man insisted that I had stolen his money.

可用虚拟语气的用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如： Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三．含蓄条件句

英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结

虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注：虚拟语气，条件状从倒装状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）

【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结

【英语】虚拟语气知识点总结和题型总结一、初中英语虚拟语气 1． If I _______ you , I _______ do that . A．was , would B．were ; wouldn’t C．am , won’t D．were , won’t 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我不会那样做。本句是与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用动词用过去式（be动词一般用were）；主句用should （would,could,might）+ 动词原形。故选D。考点：虚拟条件句。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ______ you, I _____the job. A．was; will take B．was; would take C．were; would take D．were; will take 【答案】 C 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我就要这份工作。If引导的句子是愿望时，用过去式表示，而且系动词用were,主句用would加原形。故选C。考点: 考查虚拟语气的用法。 4．If I ______ you, I ______invite him to go to see a movie. A．am;would B．were;will C．were;would D．was;will 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：句意：如果我是你，我会邀请他去看电影。go to see a movie去看电影；invite sb to do邀请某人做某事；在表达与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中，Be用were,主句用would。考点：考查虚拟语气。 5．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars? — I would give it to charity.

【最高考】2016届高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点

专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如： Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when he lived in the country. 4. should的用法

关于虚拟语气的知识点整理

关于虚拟语气的知识点整理虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。（4）I t’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。（5）as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. （6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

人教版英语专项训练常见虚拟语气最全总结

人教版英语专项训练常见虚拟语气最全总结一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．—A student in my class said to me, “if I ______our math teacher, I_____ make math learning easier and more interesting instead of giving the kids much homework to do every day.”A．were, would B．am, will C．was, would D．were, will 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析：句意：我班里的一个学生对我说：如果我是数学老师，我会使数学学习更简单有趣，而不是每天给学生许多作业去做。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。该句描述的是与现状相反的事实故选A。考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．— What would you do if you _______ a million dollars? — I would give it to charity. A．have B．had C．will have D．would have 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：句意:-如果你有一百万美元你会做什么？-我会把它捐给慈善事业。have 有；had 过去式；will have 一般将来时；would have 过去将来时。根据句意可知，这里表示的是一个假设的问题，在if引导的条件状语从句中应该用虚拟语气，动词用过去式，故选B。考点：考查虚拟语气。 3．If I _____ you, I _____ late for school this morning. A．were, wouldn’t be B．were, wouldn’t C．was, won’t be D．am, will 【答案】A 【解析】试题分析；句意：如果我是你，今天早晨我上学就不会迟到。与现在事实相反，故从句用过去时态，主语用过去将来时态。选项B缺少谓语动词。故选A。考点：if引导的条件状语从句

虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结朱世梅新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景，即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的，其特点是主从句时态的不一致，而且一般有明显得标志。二.虚拟语气的考点为： 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) ＋动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

注意：虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…，要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形，其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括： suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

虚拟语气语法汇总

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虚拟语气在英语文法中有三种语气，即直述式语气(Indicative Mood)、祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjective Mood)，其中前两种我们早已熟悉了，这里则不多谈了，如：How beautiful she is! 则是直述式语气，而Hurry up! Don't hurry up 则是祈使语气。我们主要来看看虚拟语气的主要用法。虚拟语气主要是用来表达一种无法实现的愿望，一种与事实相反的情况，或者将不可能实现的，或可能性很小的事实，假想为事实予以表述。这样的动词结构称为虚拟语气。它主要有三种形式，即与现在事实相反的假设，与过去事实相反的假设，与将来事实相反的假设。它们具体结构如表８－７。虚拟语气的构成种类条件句结构主句结构与现在事实相反动词用过去式 be 动词用were Should/could＋动词原形 would/might＋动词原形与过去事实相反的用had＋过去分词 Should/could＋have＋过去分词 would/might＋have＋过去分词与将来事实相反动词用过去式 were to 加动词原形 should 加动词原形 should＋动词原形 would＋动词原形虚拟语气其他习惯用法简表种类功用句型例句虚拟语气表示主观愿望主句谓语宾语从句谓语动词I wish we could go to the seaside today. wish 现在过去式过去 had+过去分词 I wish I had gone to the basketball match. 将来 should+ 动词原形 would+ 动词原形 could+动词原形 might+动词原形 I wished I could fly to the moon. I wish you would stay here a little longer. would rather 现在过去式 I would rather you came to my party tomorrow. 表示虚拟状语从句从句动She looked after the orphan as if he

最高考2016届高考英语语法精讲精练专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点

实用标准文案文档大全专题七情态动词和虚拟语气常考点近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。 1 情态动词所表示的多种含义 1. can和could的用法 ①表示能力。如： I can run fast. ②表示客观可能性。如： An experienced driver can have an accident at times. ③表示请求和允许。用could 语气更委婉。如： —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 2. may和might的用法 ①表示许可。如： You may drive the car. —May/Might I use your pen? —No，you mustn't. ②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! ③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如： He may be very busy now. ④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如： No matter what difficulties you may come across，you shouldn't give up. 3. will 和would的用法 ①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如： I told her to stop crying，but she just would not listen. ②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如： Will/Would you please keep the door open? ③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如： She will listen to music alone in her room for hours. He would get up early when

英语虚拟语气知识点归纳

虚拟语气（注意时态和所用规则）一般原则现在：if+主+动词过去式（be动词用were）主+should/could/would/might+do 过去：if+主+had + done 主+should/could/would/might+have/has + done 将来：if+主+动词过去式 If+主+were to do 主+should/could/would/might+do If+主+should do 出现with、without、but for、otherwise、ever if 、ever though………用法与一般原则一样 Wish原则虚拟的动作相比wish是同时时，虚拟部分用-----------过去式过去-----------过去完成时未来-----------could/would do 例：I wish ……………………………… If only =I wish 学过倒装的，可以回顾一下if的倒装形式区别：If only 与only if （if）(只有…才…) 意思雷同首字母

Would rather原则对现在虚拟-------用过去式过去-------用过去完成式将来-------用过去式例：I’d rather that……………… As if /as though 原则对现在虚拟-------用过去式过去-------用过去完成式将来-------用would do 区别：as if/as though与even if/even though 前者意思是好像，后者意思是即使、虽然后三种原则区别是对将来的虚拟形式不同

(完整)虚拟语气用法归纳,推荐文档

虚拟语气用法归纳虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法：通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。如何“各自为政”呢？这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。【注意】若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。