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当代研究生英语下册课后题

Unit 1

1.In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler_____respectable social scientists

who agree with him.

a.quotes(摘引)

b. confirms

c. recites

d. convinces

2.He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine, but

remembering the doctor’s advice, he_____.

a.refrained(克制)

b. withdrew

c. avoided

d.retreated

3.When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things

to fulfill their life_____.

a.necessities

b. requirements

c. appreciations

d.expectations(期许)

4.Within seconds，the experienced instructor_____the situation and decided to

attempt rescue.

a.assumed

b. assured

c. assessed(评估)

d. affirmed

5.Most good writers use every means at their_____to make the reader’s way

smooth and easy.

a.will

b. disposal(处理)

c. request

d. convenience

6.The new apartment house built a few months ago is large enough to_____over

two hundred people.

7.A river_____through the narrow wooded valley below.

a.pours

b. twists(迂回曲折)

c. expends

d. expands

8.To use a Chinese saying, this is “a punishment which they well_____”.

a.desert

b. deserve(应得)

c. reserve

d. preserve

9.The captain of the ship_____the passengers that there was no danger.

a.secured

b. ensured

c. assured (确保)

d. guaranteed

10.The growth of cities and suburbs throughout the region has_____the residents to

build houses wherever they could find open land.

a.converted

b. appealed

c. justified

d. encouraged(鼓励)

Unit 2

1.The kitchen was small and_____so that the disabled woman could reach

everything without difficulty.

2. His authority and_____make him an excellent teacher.

a. self-consciousness

b. self-confidence(自信)

c. self-centeredness

d.self-regard

3. Being both spoilt and lazy he_____everyone else for his lack of success.

a. accused

b. charged

c. criticized

d. blamed(责备)

4. When I learned that I had passed the exam, I felt_____and relaxed.

a. careless

b. trouble-free

c. negligent

d. care-free(舒畅)

5. A very large cat was watching us intently from the top of a_____car.

a. moveless

b.stationery

c. motionless

d. stationary(静止的)

a. actual(强调真实的)

b. real

c. genuine

d. contemporary

7. Your usual teacher has lost his voice and_____I am taking his place today.

a. nevertheless

b. however

c. moreover

d. accordingly(因此)

8. A_____woman is needed to take care of two small children.

a. confident

b. reliable(可靠的)

c. trusty

d. faithful

9. I have had a_____of misfortunes.

a. continuation

b. repetition

c. continuity

d. succession(继承权)

10. He had an_____habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window onto our

doorstep.

a. objectionable(讨厌的)

b. afflicting

c. uneducated

d. offending

11. The music aroused a(n)_____feeling of homesickness in him.

a. intense(强烈的)

b. hopeless

c. intensive

d. sad

’ imprisonment.

a. accused

b.charged

c. convicted(证明)

d. acquitted

13. The book proved to be very unreliable and so was quite_____to him in his

research.

a. unimportant

b. disused

c. useless(无用)

d.unusable

14. The plan was_____when it was discovered just how much the scheme would cost.

a. resigned

b. abandoned(遗弃)

c. released

d. redeemed

15. The blow at the end of round three knocked the champion______.

a. insensitive

b. stupefied

c. senseless(无感觉的)

d. nonsensical

Unit 3

1.The Roman empire_____under pressure from uncivilized northern tribes.

a.trembled

b. crumbled(崩溃)

c. hurdled

d. smashed

2.The police are_____a war against crime in the city.

3.The sign was no longer legible because much of lettering had_____.

a.worn down

b. worn up

c. worn away(不见)

d. worn out

4.They _____whether an international loan was possible.

a.dissolved

b. disputed(争议)

c. dissented

d. distorted

5.He is always_____his knowledge in public.

a.airing(吹牛)

b. praising

c. assuming

d. retorting

6.Flowers are blooming in scarlet profusion on the _____of the rice-fields.

a.spaces

b. clearings

c. margins(边缘)

d. vacuums

7.The young soldier’s hearing was _____after the explosion.

a.strengthened

b. trapped

c. manipulated

d. impaired(受损)

8.Black Death was_____in England in the summer of 1384 without any warning and,

most importantly, without any cure.

a.current

b. circulating

c. prevailing(最普通的)

d. universal

9.The good news is that as long as people infected with HIV keep taking the triple-

drug______,they have an excellent chance of surviving the infection for a long time.

a.antigen

b. cocktail(混合物)

c. microbe

d. therapy

10.Because it has long been known that HIV kills CD4 cells when it replicates inside

them, many researchers have been too ready to ______that this is the reason they all die.

a.discover

b. assume(假定)

c. retort

d. pronounce

Unit 4

1.All this conversation_____the action of the play.

a.speeds up

b. slows down(使…慢下来)

c. puts up

d. puts down

2.Student nurses should not be left alone_____hospital wards.

a.In charge of (负责)

b. on duty

c. under the care of

d. in responsibility of

3. He_____the level of unemployment in China.

a. concerns

b. has concerned

c. is concerning about

d.is concerned about(对…表示担忧)

4. The tax cuts are good news for the rich, but the poor _____again.

a. lose on

b. lose down

c. lose out (亏本)

d. lose up

a. accounts for(占有)

b. accounts out

c. counts on

d. counts for

6. For most WTO members, the negotiations_____under the old GATT system.

a. took place(发生)

b.took up

c. went up

d. put up

7. When WTO rules_____discipline_____countries’

a. send…on

b. take…on

c. impose…on(强加于)

d. hold…on

8. Luxury was_____his nature.

a. alien to(与…相反)

b. good to

c. one of

d. up with

a. interesting to

b. in the interest of(为了…的利益)

c. obliged to

d. of duty to

10. Developing countries will_____the changes only if their economies are

capable of responding.

a. go with

b. benefit from(从…中获益)

c. get along with

d. take from

Unit 5

1.The European Union steps in to stem what is no longer just Britain’s problem.

a.halt(停滞)

b. intrude

c. produce

d. stamp

2.In some people’s opinion, this epidemic of the mad-cow disease has been at best

a clumsy mistake of the British government, but some of the opponents scolded it

as a disaster.

a.catastrophe(灾难)

b. disappointment

c. discredit

d. disgrace

3.The organization had about €900 million to help this project.

a.invested

b. supplied(供给)

c. deposited

d. submitted

4.The disposition of so many livestock carcasses would be a herculean task.

b.honorable b. powerful

c. important

d.tremendous(巨大)

5.Such a move might even convince the British that Europe could actually be useful.

a.motive

b. decision(决议)

c. emotion

d. motivation

6.The plan is supposed to be presented at a full-dress meeting of Europe’s farm

ministers this week.

a.general

b. formal(正式的)

c. private

d. officious

7.Many people balked at the idea of slaughtering healthy animals at the taxpayers’

expense.

a.confound

b. stopped abruptly

c. refused firmly(回避)

d. were sad about

8. At that time there were only 10 facilities in Britain licensed for the incineration of

livestock carcasses.

a. incarnation

b. disposition

c. culling

d. burning(燃烧)

9. The new strain of CJD was implicated in another case, bringing the total of

suspected victims to 13.

a. entangled(卷入)

b. implanted

c. imposed

d. absorbed

10. They tried to prevent the project from being destroyed for shortage of money.

a. get in

b. leave off

c. head off(阻止)

d. bring about

Unit 6

1.The officer inspected our passports and travel papers and_____us because our

vacation certificates were missing.

a.contained

b. sustained

c. detained(拘留)

d. retained

2.We resumed our work after the break with_____energy.

a.relieved

b. renewed（恢复）

c. refined

d. reinforced

3.His tone_____his real feelings more than his words.

a.conveyed(承载)

b. paraphrased

c. performed

d. conformed

4.Even in ancient times，there were ____of night-watchmen which went about the

cities.

a.teams

b. routes

c. patrols(巡逻队)

d. guards

5.He spoke clearly and _____and we could understand every word he said.

a.distinguished

b. distinguishable

c. distinctly(清晰地)

d. distinctively

6. The workers’ promised wage increase is being_____while it is examined by the

government to see if it is greater than the law allows.

a. delayed(延迟)

b. dismissed

c. rejected

d. neglected

7. Men’s never-ceasing_____for knowledge continues to broaden our

understanding of the earth’s atmosphere.

a. request

b. investigation

c. research

d. quest(质疑)

8. You must_____your old passport when applying for a new one.

a. resign

b. surrender(上交)

c. abandon

d. quit

9. He felt_____as soon as he realized that he had asked a foolish question.

a. embarrassed(尴尬的)

b. bored

c. disappointed

d. displeased

10. The floor was unsafe, as some of the floor-boards had_____away.

a. damaged

b. destroyed

c. rotted(坏了)

d. wasted

Unit 7

1.Thousands of people were seriously_____in health by radioactive contamination.

a.affected(被影响)

b. effected

c. impressed

d. struck

2.The Bank of England has taken further steps to______control over the value of

the pound.

a.resume

b. resurrect

c. retain(保持)

d. retard

3.It’

a.set forth

b. set aside(撤销)

c. set upon

d. set up as

4.Science and invention played a very important role in_____America’s industrial

development.

a.blockading

b. devoting

c. fostering(培养)

d. impacting

5.The doctor’s ______was whether he should tell the patient the truth.

a.dilemma(困境)

b. inception

c. fraction

d. paradox

6.The volume of business does not_____an agency agreement at present.

a. magnify

b. justify(证明合法)

c. personify

d. terrify

a.adventure

b. expertise

c. fractions

d. ventures（合资企业）

8.The question of _____agent is still under consideration and we hope that you will

continue your efforts in pushing the sale of our product at present stage.

a.creative

b. exclusive(独有的)

c. intensive

d. perspective

a.elevated

b. granted

c. patented

d. sponsored(赞助者)

10.To the frustration of Hispanic publishers, advertising agencies often treat

Spanish-language or bilingual newspapers as_____in their marketing plans.

a.afterthoughts(后加的东西)

b. advantages

c. frustrations

d. penetrations

Unit 8

1. As the sky darkened it soon became obvious that a thunderstorm was______.

a. immediate

b. evident

c. imminent(迫近的)

d. menacing

2. ______of half-starving wolves were roaming the snow-covered countryside.

a. Flocks

b. Herds

c. Packs(形容狼群)

d. Crowds

3. The very idea of her winning the beauty contest is quite______.

a. unlikely

b. strange

c. absurd(荒谬的)

d. nonsense

4. The earnest student waited with some slight _________while the teacher was reading his essay.

a. nervousness(神经质)

b. resentment

c. annoyance

d. despair

5. The police have asked for the______of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing child.

a. aid

b. co-operation(合作)

c. advice

d. helpfulness

6. Today, household chores have been made much easier by

electrical_______. .

a. facilities

b. equipment

c.appliances(器具)

d. utilities

7. The factory was______ to the ground by the fire.

a. razed(夷为平地)

b. destroyed

c. gutted

d. ruined

8. As a writer, Walter was very_____. .

a. imaginary

b. imagery

c. imaginative(有创造力的)

d. imaginable

9. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been______.

10. Boys who try to ______a teacher are not sincere.

a. make in for

b. make up for

c. make up to(接近)

d. make on to

11. The old house at the end of the street has recently been______.

a. pulled

b. leveled

c. erased

d. demolished(拆除)

a. preferential

b. reluctant

c. selective

d. voluntary(自愿的)

13. It took them years to_____ dictionary.

14. His strange behavior aroused the ______of the police.

a. doubt

b. suspicion(怀疑)

c. disbelief

d. misbelief

a. inefficient

b. deficient

c. ineffective

d. defective（有缺陷的）

Unit 9

1. That student has a_____view of teachers, believing that they are all as bad as

hers were.

a. unjustified

b. stereotyped(成见)

c. generalized

d. specialized

2. The institution______ that it must be consulted on such issues.

a. contended(主张)

b. contented

c. captured

d. congealed

3. They_____their opponent as a liar so as to make him unpopular.

a. distinguished

b.identified

c. sterilized

d. stigmatized(污蔑)

4. Some difficulties have_____in my work so I’

a.creamed off

b. cried off

c. cropped up(突然出现)

d. crossed out

5.Be creative in your use of a textbook,_____ its materia1 in a variety of ways.

a.counteracting

b. employing(使用)

c. responding

d. simplifying

6.As life moves along to______us with realities, we must accept our losses and

learn how to let go.

a.confront(面对)

b. expose

c. match

d. trigger

7.The election results______up the spirits of the newly formed party.

a.blazed

b. boasted

c. bolstered(支持)

d.boomed

8.He gave a good speech, in which he______clearly the reasons for changing the

law.

9.depicted b. intensified c. proposed d. marshaled(整理)

a.categorize (分类)

b.sample

b.c.predict d. exploit

10. People in that country are shocked at the______ of bribery among the officials.

a. caricature

b. prevalence（流行）

c. exaggeration

d. precedence

Unit 10

1.Throughout most of their lives, human beings______learn and increase their

mental capacities.

a. perpetually(持久的)

b. particularly

c. actually

d. finally

2. I just managed to______a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by

the passing boat.

a. gain

b. possess

c. grab

d. snatch(抢夺)

3. This book is full of practical________ on home decorating and repairs.

a. helps

b. tips(小技巧)

c. clues

d. informs

4. There is a very widely_______ demand for this law to be changed.

a. based(基本的)

b. joined

c. settled

d.proved

5. The police managed to_______ down the man in Glasgow.

a. trace

b. track(跟踪)

c. catch

d. pursue

6. He never______ to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last

Page.

a. worried

b. noticed

c. pained

d. troubled(麻烦)

a. rise

b. raise

c. arise(出现)

d. happen

a. embraced

b. embarked

c. haunted(出没)

d. enchanted

9. Keys should never be hidden around the house since thieves______know where to

look.

a. virtually

b. unavoidably

c. reliably

d. invariably(总是)

10. Although only of _______ intelligence, he speaks four languages fluently.

a. middle

b. minor

c. average(平均的)

d. slow

11. The eight vehicles in the sale-room can all lay some_____ to being bargains.

a. claim（声称）

b. case

c. notion

d. foundation

13. It is hoped that the prisoner wil1 be released through the______of the president

himself.

a. convention

b. intervention(参与)

c. interference

d. concession

14. The sound of the water gently_______against the side of the boat was very

pleasant.

a. creaking

b. surging

c. sucking

d. lapping(拍打)

15. Occasionally we experience westerly gales, but the_____winds are from the

northeast.

a. existing

b. general

c.prevailing(盛行)

d. special

当代研究生英语读写教程上、下册课后翻译答案==The possibility of a real market-style evolution

【上册】 Unit1 The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand.In cyberspace ,we'll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed--intellectual property content and access control,Rules about privacy and free speech. Some communities will allow anyone in;others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another.Those communities that prove self-sustaining will prosper(and perhaps grow and split into subsets with ever-more-particular interests and identities).Those that can't survive-either because people lose interest or get scared off--will simply wither away. 译：一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度----知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自持的群体会兴旺发展（或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支）。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，他们将渐渐萎缩消亡。 Unit2 Once the problem is understood,improvement comes naturally.Women who feel abandoned and deprived when their husbands won't listen to or report daily news may be happy to discover their husbands trying to adapt once they understand the place of small talk in women's relation-ships. But if their husbands don't adapt,the women may still be comforted that for men,this is not a failure of intimacy.Accepting the difference, the wives may look to their friends or family for that kind of talk.And husbands who can't provide it shouldn't feel their wives have made unreasonable demands. Some couples will still decide to divorce, but at least their decisions will be based on realistic expectations. 译：一旦问题得到理解，情况自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不倾听或不谈论每天发生的事情而感到被遗弃、感到丧失生活乐趣的女性会高兴的发现，她们的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的谈话在女性关系中的地位后，正努力地在适应。如果丈夫不适应，妻子仍然能够得到安慰，因为她知道，对男人来说，这不是不亲密的表现。当妻子接受了男女存在区别这一事实后，便会去找自己的朋友或家人说一说话。那些不能够给予妻子谈话快乐的丈夫，也不应该觉得妻子提出了无理要求。仍然会有一些夫妻决定离婚，但起码他们的决定是建立在比较现实的期望基础上的。 Unit3 1.When it first came into being, the Earth very likely lacked what we would today call an ocean and an atmosphere. 译：在地球形成的初期，上面很可能没有我们今天称之为海洋和大气层之类的东西。 2.Between 2 billion and 3 billion years ago,portions of the surface water, bathed by the energetic radiation from the Sun, developed complicated compounds in organization sufficiently versatile to quality as what we call"life". 译：在20亿到30亿年期间，一部分地球表面的水在太阳能的作用下，形成了结构复杂的化合物，这些化合物灵活多变，足以形成我们称之为“生命”的东西。 3.The entire planet is life form made up of nonliving portions and a large variety of living portions(as our own body is made up of nonliving crystals in bones and nonliving water in blood, as well as of a large variety of living portions).

当代研究生英语读写教程上Text A前五单元译文

Unit 1 信息空间：出入随愿 1 美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。 2 确实有这样的空间，就是信息空间。这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀? 3 首先要解决的问题是，什么是信息空间。我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻，把信息空间看作一个巨大的房地产。请记住，庄园是人们智慧的结晶，是合法的、人工营造的氛围，它建立在土地之上。在房地产业中，公园和商业中心、红灯区与学校、教堂、政府机构与杂货店都能区分开来。 4 你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的、无边无际的虚拟房地产业。其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出，有些是公共场所；有的场所适合儿童出人，而有些地方人们最好避开。遗憾的是，正是这些应该避开的地方使得人们心向神往。这些地方教唆你如何制造炸弹、为你提供淫秽材料、告诉你如何窃取信用卡。所有这些使信息空间听起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方。正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论：最好对它严加管理。 5 但是，在利用规章制度来反击下流之举之前，关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性质。恶棍并不能在信息空间抢走毫无提防之心的儿童；信息空间也不像一台巨大的电视机，向不情愿的观众播放令人作呕的节目。在信息空间这个房地产业中，用户对他们所去之处、所见所闻、所做所为都要作出选择，一切都出于自愿。换句话说，信息空间是个出入自便的地方，实际上，信息空间里有很多可去之处。人们不能盲目上网，必须带着具体的目标上网。这意味着人们可以选择去哪个网址、看什么内容。不错，规章制度应该在群体内得以实施，但这些规章制度必须由信息空间内各个群体自己来制定，而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制定。 6 信息空间之所以有如此大的诱惑力，正是因为它不同于商场、电视、公路或地球上的其他地方。那么，让我们来描述一下这个空间。 7 首先，信息空间里人与人之间可以进行电子邮件交流。这种交流类似于电话交谈，都是私人之间的、两相情愿的谈话，不需要任何规章制度加以限制。 8 其次，信息空间提供信息与娱乐服务。人们可以从中下载各种信息，从法律文件、“大型新饭店”名单，到游戏软件、下流图片，无奇不有。这里如同书店、商场和电影院，属购物区域。顾客必须通过索求或者登记来购物，物品(特别是淫秽之物)不会发送给那些没有索取的人。有些服务可以免费，或作为总服务费用的一部分计算，如“计算机服务”和“美国在线”就是如此。而有些服务要向顾客收费，而且可能会让顾客直接支付账单。 9 第三，信息空间里还有真正意义上的群体，那就是在内部互相交流思想的人群。从庄园的角度来看，这些群体就像酒吧、饭店或公共浴室。每个活跃的人都积极参与谈话，谈话一般通过邮件方式进行；而有的人也许只充当旁观者或旁听者。有些活动由专人监督，有些则像公告牌，任何人可以任意在上面张贴。很多活动起初都无人监督，但现在实行强制管理，用规章制度来扫除那些不受欢迎的广告、不相干的讨论或日渐粗鲁的成员。 10 信息空间里群体的演变过程正如陆地社会团体的演变过程，即情趣相投的人们聚在一起。信息空间里每一个团体都各具特色。总的来说，“计算机服务”上的团体一般由专业技术人员组成；“美国在线”上的团体一般为富有的独身者；“奇才”主要面向家庭。另外还有一些具有独到见解的服务机构，“共鸣”为其中之一，是纽约市中心一家时髦的服务机构。再如“妇女专线”，是专为女性开辟的，她们希望逃避网上其他地方盛行的男性文化。就因特网本身也有大量情绪激昂的讨论小组，都属非商业性质，讨论话题广泛，从匈牙利政治(匈牙利在线)到版权法，无所不及。 11 信息空间的独特之处在于允许任何规模、任何种类的团体发展繁荣。在信息空间，用户自愿参加任何团体，而不是因为地理位置的巧合而被迫参加某个团体。这种自由赋予主宰信息空间的准则一种道义上的权威，这种权威是地球空间里的准则所没有的。多数人呆在自己出生的国土上动弹不得，而在信息空间，假若你不喜欢某一群体的准则，脱离这个群体即可。出入自由。同样，如果做父母的不喜欢某一群体的准则，便可以限制孩子，不让他们参与。 12 在信息空间，可能会发生的情况是形成新的群体，新群体的形成不像在地球上那样受到限制，产生冲突。我们不是要建立一个梦寐以求、而又难以管理的全球村，而是要建立一个由各种独立的、不受外界影响的群体组成的世界，这些群体将投其成员所好，而又不干涉他人。一种真正的市场型管理模式很快成为可能。在信息空间，我们将能够检验并完善所需要的管理制度——知识产权制度、服务内容与使用权的控制制度、个人隐私权与自由言论制度等。有些群体允许任何人加入，而有些则只允许符合这样或那样条件的人加入。能够自立的群体会兴旺发展(或许也会因为志趣与身份日趋特殊，而发展成为几个分支)。有些群体或因为成员失去兴趣，或因为成员被吓跑而不能幸存下来，它们将渐渐萎缩消亡。 13 在不久的将来，信息空间的探索者应该更善于解释和辨别各群体的性质。除了现实中的政府之外，他们将有必要安置并接受自己的地方政府，就如同豪华庄园的业主一样．尽管可以叫警察来驱逐不受欢迎的顾客，但还是宁愿雇佣自己的保安。 14 那么，该如何处置信息空间不受欢迎的材料呢?例如，淫秽材料该怎么办?答案除了禁止以外，就是在有问题的材料上贴上标签。信息空间的成员对有问题的内容应该达成共识，拿出一个解决方案来，使人们或自动过滤系统避开这些内容，这样可能会有助于解决问题。软件制造商很容易建立一套自动过滤系统，使你和孩子们在菜单上见不到不想见到的内容。(就好像所有的内容都被包装了起来，并在包装纸上贴有标签。)如果有人在色情材料上贴上“童趣”的标签，便可能会因错贴标签而被起诉。

当代研究生英语读写教程下册英语复习选择题

Unit 1 (1)In order to strengthen （加强）his argument（论证）, Toffler ______ respectable （值得尊敬的）social scientists who agree with him. A.quotes（引用） B. confirms（确认） C. recites （背诵） D. convinces （说服） (2)He could scarcely（几乎不）resist （抵抗）taking another drink of the delicious wine, but remembering the doctor’s advice, he___________. A.refrained(节制，克制) B. withdrew（收回） C. avoided D. retreated （撤退） (3)When people have their basic needs satisfied , they begin to think of other things to fulfill their life_________. A.necessities B. requirements C. appreciations （欣赏） D. expectations (期待) (4)Within seconds , the experienced （老练的）instructor（教练）________ the situation and decided to attempt rescue.（营救） A.assumed（假定的） B. assured （确定的） C.assessed(评估) D.affirmed（肯定，断言） (5)Most good writers use every means at their ________to make the reader’s way smooth and easy. A.will B.disposal(处理) C.request D.convenience (6)The new apartment house built a few months ago is large enough to _________ over two hundred people. A.accommodate(容纳) B.locate C.settle D.reside（居住） (7)A river _______ through the narrow wooded（树木繁茂的）valley（山谷）below. A.pours B.twists(弯曲) C.expends D.expands（扩大） (8)To use a Chinese saying, this is “a punishment which they well ______”.

当代研究生英语读写教程答案,上册,外语教学与研究出版社,完整版

一，选择 1，This book (contains) all the information you need. 2，The government (restricts) the number of foreign cars that could be imported. 3，As a teacher you should not show (inclination) towards any of your students. 4，Traffic is (regulated) by police at every intersection. 5，How much do you (charge) for this pair of shoes? 6，We can (leave off) now and return to work in the morning. 7，That matter can be left (over) until our next morning. 8，I learned that he was (on) sick leave from a government office. 9，It was one of the most beautiful sights that I had even set eyes (on). 10, Each week he tried to set (aside) a few dollars of his salary. 11, All this ceremony is just (for show); it doesn’t mean a thing. 12 ,Bill is afraid to (show his face) since Tom threatens to beat him up. 13, She has been behaving foolishly; I hope you will (bring her to senses). 14, The classroom is 30 feet (in length) and 20 feet in breadth. 15, I’m leaving this job because I’m tried of being (pushed around). 16, After the rain, the orchard seems to have (burst into) blossom overnight. 17, The two men stood (glaring at) each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement. 18, When you have any problems in your studies, you can always (look to) John for help. 19, Theodore Roosevelt was a (versatile) man ; he was successful as a statesman, soldier…. 20, The small town has (undergone) many changes during last 10 years. 21, The old farmer (survived) his wife, living until 105 years of ages. 22, Poor eyesight is a (handicap) to many students. 23, The wheat crop will be (decimated) with strong spring rains. 24, The various parts of the essays do not adequately (interrelate). 25, Hot weather (multiplies) the bacteria in the milk rapidly. 26, If something very substantial is not done next month , he cannot (retain) his office. 27, We sent him an invitation but he (declined). 28, The lifeguard pulled the (inanimate) body out of the pool. 29, If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must (abide) by its rules. 30, (Even if) you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit. 31, The cites will to be (deflated) and the population distributed in villages. 32, He gave a (distorted) account of what has happened. 33, His speech (fermented) trouble among the works. 34, The criminal was told he would be (immune) from punishment if he said what…… 35, If you (strain) the elastic band any more, it will break. 36, The Egyptians (inhabit) an area equal to France and Spain combines. 37, He is (by no means) considered to be a great explorer. 38, It was a long time before scientists could (penetrate) the mystery of the atom. 39, inhale (breathe in) 40, scent (fragrance) 41, beam (smile happily) 42, solid (heavy) 43, suspicious (unbelieving) 44, steady (regular) 45, accomplishment (success)

当代研究生英语读写教程课文翻译(后五章)

Unit Six 洛城邂逅混凝土、烟雾及晨色将好莱坞高速公路立交桥下的奥尔瓦多街笼罩在特有的灰色之中，车辆堵塞在路上，几乎一动不动。杰克无精打采地坐在车里，对此并不真的在乎，因为他知道，如果试图往左转，开到高速路入口，情况可能会糟糕得多。好在他不用每天这样，如果有人问他，他会肯定地说，以后也决不这样。稳定的工作有其优点，他不否认考虑过这件事。他需要一台调频收音机，安装在一辆比他现在开的这辆58款别克更好的车上。好一点的车有天鹅绒内饰，有为洛城的夏天而设计的电控装置，为冬天开往海滩而设计的精美电热器和除霜器，还有为长途旅行设计的导航控制器，当然车的前后都有声音优美的喇叭，窗户一摁就能关好，将外面高速公路上恼人的噪音隔绝。实际上，他可能不得不改变整个生活方式。富有异国情调的古龙香水、长毛绒服装、光线暗淡的夜总会、代基里酒、身穿丝绸长礼服、佩戴项链的女子，她们如同特奎拉酒广告里的女子一样，朦朦胧胧而又富有魅力。只要让他的想像驰骋，杰克会想像出许多可能的东西。杰克正想入非非时，瞥见绿灯亮了，他只顾开动汽车，盯了一眼那些有固定工作的人，以示再见。当他扭过头来，面对前方时，已经晚了一秒钟。他猛地一下踩住刹车，调转方向，以避免撞上前面那辆车上小小的刹车红灯，但还是砰然一声撞上了。如果他动作再快一秒钟，也许只会离这辆车很近，不会撞上。而如果再晚一秒钟，他的车就会爬上这辆丰田车的行李箱。实际上，他好像没有把前面的车撞坏，而后面的车撞上了他车后部的保险杠，那一撞却严重多了。杰克想开过这辆丰田车，但又怕前面的车挡路。当他在几辆车前的路边停下来时，又突然觉得这些车反而有助于他逃走。他使劲关了两次车门，一方面是为了将车门关紧，同时也再给自己一秒钟时间盘算。然后，他走到别克车的前面，又走到车后面，看看保险杠及其周围是否碰坏。然而，镀鉻层上连明显的划痕都没有。于是他精神振作起来了。虽然比起启动性能和行驶性能来，车的外表之美是次要的，但他这些年取得的少数显著成就之一便是：他的汽车车身和喷漆上除了几处小小的刮痕以外还完好无损。杰克没有先去跟丰田汽车司机说话，因为从她的表情可以看出，她可能会给他增添更多的麻烦，所以，他先是向撞了他的车的司机打了个手势。这时那个司机还坐在车里，但已将车停在了丰田车的后面。杰克向他挥挥手，摇摇头，让他知道什么问题也没有。这位司机也向杰克挥了挥手，便开动汽车走了。 “连漆都没擦伤，”杰克用他特有的口气对她说，“你怎么样?车碰坏了吗?我倒是有点希望如此，这样，我们便可以多停留一会儿，聊一聊什么的。要不，你现在把电话号码给我，免得我以后还得跟你贫嘴，问你再要。” 杰克把她的微笑当作一个好兆头，便松了一口气。他吸人的是她身上散发的香味儿，就好像是清新的空气。他拽了一下自己身上穿着的不算很新但还不算过时的衣服。 “你的牌照是佛罗里达州的。但看上去你肯定是古巴人。” “我父母是委内瑞拉人。” “我叫杰克。”他伸出手来。 “我叫玛丽安娜。” 他们握了握手，她好像有生以来从未与人握过手似的。 “把你的车撞成那样了，我真的很抱歉。”他的话听起来很真诚。他抚弄着撞碎了的尾

当代研究生英语下册课后题(Units 1-10)

选词填空汇总 Unit 1 1.In order to strengthen his arguments,Toffler_____respectable social scientists who agree with him. a.quotes(摘引) b. confirms c. recites d. convinces 2.He could scarcely resist taking another drink of the delicious wine, but remembering the doctor’s advice, he_____. a.refrained(克制) b. withdrew c. avoided d.retreated 3.When people have their basic needs satisfied, they begin to think of other things to fulfill their life_____. a.necessities b. requirements c. appreciations d.expectations(期许) 4.Within seconds，the experienced instructor_____the situation and decided to attempt rescue. a.assumed b. assured c. assessed(评估) d. affirmed 5.Most good writers use every means at their_____to make the reader’s way smooth and easy. a.will b. disposal(处理) c. request d. convenience 6.The new apartment house built a few months ago is large enough to_____over two hundred people. a.accommodate(容纳) b. locate c. settle d. reside 7.A river_____through the narrow wooded valley below. a.pours b. twists(迂回曲折) c. expends d. expands

当代研究生英语Vocabulary答案版(上下册)

上册第一单元 1.in the past (formerly) 2.include (embrace) 3.man-made (artificial) 4.control systematically (regulate) 5.exactly (precisely) 6.undesired (unwanted) 7.irrelevant (extraneous) 8.having intense feeling (passionate) 9.aim toward (be targeted to) 10.not far away (at hand) 11.be charged for (be used for) 第二单元 1.His criminal activities were finally（uncovered）. 2.Scienctist from the two countries（concurred）to develop the vaccine. 3.Lightning usually（accompanies）thunder. 4.The bad weather（frustrated）our hopes of going out. 5.She believes that she is not a good mother because she does not fit the （stereotype）of a woman who spends all her time with her children.

6.He is always（switching）from one job to an another. 7.He just smiled and（dismissed）the story as mere rumor. 8.The sudden noise（distracted）his mind from his painful memories. 9.The story can be（adapted）for use in schools. 10.That is what we（assume）,but it is not esay to find evidence to prove it. 11.She tried to（probe）into my mind and discover what I was thinking. 12.She is too ambitious to remain in a（subordinate）position for long in the company. 第三单元 1.containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand. (intricate) 2.nearly correct but not exactly. (approximately) 3.a sudden shaking of the Earth，s surface. (earthquake) 4.having many different kinds of skills or abilities. (versatile) 5.standing apart, separate as is to be alone. (isolated) 6.the opposite in position; the other way around. (reverse) 7.in addition to; also (as well as) 8.depending on each other; necessary to each other. (interdependent) 9.increase in number by giving birth to offspring. (multiply)

研究生英语综合教程(上)课文翻译

Unit One 核心员工的特征大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M 公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 1

当代研究生英语读写教程上Unit1课文+翻译

Unit 1 : cyberspace : if you don't love it ,leave it 信息空间：出入随愿 1 someth ing in the America n psyche loves new fron tiers. 美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。 We hanker after wide-ope n spaces ;we like to explore ;we like to make rules but refuse to follow them . 我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。 But in this age it's hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself without worry ing about he n eighbours . 在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。 There is such a place : cyberspace . 确实有这样一个空间，那就是信息空间 Formerly a playgro und for computer fans ,cyberspace . Formely a playgro und for computer fans ,cyberspace now embraces every con ceivable con stitue ncy : school childre n , flirtatious ,sin gles ,Hun garia n-America ns, acco untants . 这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。

dayin当代研究生英语下课后close完型中英对照翻译答案

UNIT 1 There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. 有两个因素决定一个人的智力。首先是他出生时带的大脑排序。人类的大脑彼此之间有很大不同，有的有比别人多的能力。但不管他出生时有多好的大脑，个人将有低下的智力，除非他有学习的机会。因此第二个因素是在他长大的环境中发生了什么。如果一个人在环境方面有障碍，很可能他的大脑将无法发展，他将永远不会他能够达到的智力水平。同卵双胞胎彼得和约翰的经历可以说明环境对于一个人智力发展的重要性。当这对双胞胎三个月大，他们的父母去世了，他们分别被安置在不同的寄养家庭。彼得被寄养在一个孤立的社区并且教育机会少，低智商的父母家中。然而约翰，在生活富裕、上过大学的父母家中接受教育。这种环境差异继续到这对双胞胎十几岁时，当测试他们的智力时。约翰的I.Q.是125，高于普通人二十五点，比他的兄弟高出整整四十分。 UNIT 2 Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible. Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity,intelligence, imagination, and good memory. Chemicals found in the brain carry messages. In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found so far. Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much interest. Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness. They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies. They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain. They hold the secret to mood and emotion. Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better and more efficient brain. 最近对人类大脑的研究报告中有一些有趣的发现：科学家认为一种改善大脑功能的方法可能很快成为可能。科学家们发现大脑可以产生自己的药物。大脑中含有一种蛋白物质，它可以直接作用于大脑以改变心理活动的各个方面。有些可能会改变或改善，例如，创造力，智力，想象力和良好的记忆力。在大脑中发现的化学物质携带着消息。近年来科学家们已发现影响情绪，记忆和大脑活动的其它化学物质。目前约25种已被发现。今天，化学物质和蛋白质物质在人类行为的作用引起了人们很大的兴趣。研究似乎表明，它们可能有助于控制失眠，疼痛，和精神病。它们有一个巨大的能力来刺激大脑克服不足。它们还提高记忆和大脑中应经存在的学习质量。他们保持情绪和情感的秘密。将来有一天，有可能会有一种化学方法来创造一个更好、更有效率的大脑。 Unit 3 By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material i n various representative tissue samples from infected peop le, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire bod y, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fe wer, is infected with HIV. This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers th at leads to AIDS. 通过测试被感染者具有代表性的组织样本中HIV 的遗传材料，从这些样本推算整个身体，哈泽估计，最多1 ／2500，或许更少，感染了HIV。这对于直接杀死细胞引起细胞大量消亡而导致艾滋病是远远不够的。 Haase says that his own work now shows that large n umbers of CD4 cell are becoming trapped in lymph tissue , and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells. In common with a number of other researchers, he also believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 c ells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of res earch throughout the 1990s . 哈泽说自己现在的工作表明，大量的CD4细胞被困在淋巴组织，而且他认为，艾滋病病毒会破坏新细胞的产生。研究人员普遍认为，艾滋病毒可以通过触发细胞自毁或消亡，导致未受感染的CD4细胞减少。在20世纪90年代这一过程曾是一个研究课题。 Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that H IV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activati on, and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,b