难句
难句
Unit 8
1. They spoke to each other rarely in their incomprehensible tongue, but always with a courteous smile and often with a small bow.
他们相互间交谈甚少；即使开了口也听不懂他们在说什么；但他们相互间一直谦恭有理，面带微笑，还时不时地微微点头示意着。
2. She had thin blonde hair and her face was pretty and petite in a Regency way, oval like a miniature, though she had a harsh way of speaking — perhaps the accent of the school, Roedean or Cheltenham Ladies’College, which she had not long ago left.
她长着纤细的淡黄色头发, 漂亮的鹅蛋脸小巧玲珑, 颇符合摄政时期的风范, 又像一帧袖珍肖像,不过她说起话来却粗声粗气—也许, 这是她刚刚离开的母校的腔调, 譬如说罗迪恩或切尔特南女子学院。3.The girl’s fiancéresembled her physically. I could see them as two miniatures hanging side by side on white wood panels. He should have been a young officer in Nelson’s navy in the days when a certain weakness and sensitivity were no bar to promotion.
我简直可以想象他们是两幅并排挂在白色护壁板上的袖珍肖像。他真该在纳尔逊手下当一名年轻军官;那年头,某种文弱善感的特点是不妨碍升官晋级的。
Unit9
1.One of the most startling surprises for many Americans when they first arrive in Britain is the discovery that their mother tongue, which has been serving them faithfully all these years, is suddenly not up to dealing with the intricacies of the English language as practiced in the British Isles.
对于第一次到英国的许多美国人而言，最让他们惊讶的事情之一就是发生在他们尽心使用了多年的母语语言上的变化。面对在大不列颠岛上使用的英国语言的纷繁复杂，他们却突然变得难以应对。
2.It is an unsettling experience to arrive in the UK and find oneself uttering vocal noises—speech is probably too strong a word for it—that are received nearly everywhere as at best quaint and imprecise, at worst as misleading and noisy.
到了英国之后，你会发现无论在何处，在人们听来，自己口中制造的声音（称之为“语言”真是太抬举它了）说好听点，是奇特的，不准确的；说难听点，则是又让人摸不着头脑又鸹噪的。
3. I replied with the uneasy steadiness of someone forced unexpectedly to stand his ground.
我不自在地回答，心里有些虚，感觉就像被人逼着顽固到底似的．
4.The British, you see, have always taken a quiet—sometimes practically unwitting—pleasure in perplexing foreigners, as anyone who has ever tried to follow a cricket match will know.
你知道，英国人总是在迷惑外国人的过程中暗自取乐——有时是无意的, 要是你曾经试图想听懂板球比赛的讲解，就会体会到这一点。
5.They started calling the upstairs floor the first floor rather than the second floor, thus ensuring that North American visitors would spend long, bewildered hours hunting for their hotel room.
首先，他们称底层的楼上为一楼而不是二楼，如此保证了北美来的游客得摸上长时间才能找到饭店房间。
6.Then, to make sure that our confusion was complete they took to doing odd and unexpected things with their vowels and consonants, lopping whole syllabus off words like library and necessary, dispensing with r’s in a whimsical and inconsistent way, and speaking sometimes without moving their lips and sometimes through their nasal passengers .
然后，为了让我们迷糊得更彻底，他们开始用你怎么也料不到的奇怪方式来对付他们的元音和辅音，比如：把“library”和“necessary”中的整个音节砍掉（发成“libree”和“nessasree”），或者莫名其妙地吞掉了“r”音，或者说话时要么不动嘴唇，要么只用鼻腔哼哼。
7.This studied ambiguity—what we might call a flight from literalness—remains a characteristic feature of English discourse.
这种刻意的模糊其辞——我们称之为文字上的回避——至今仍是英式语言的一个特征。
8.Given such pitfall, it’s little wonder that Americans often make gaffes or fail to catch certain nuances.
遭遇如此的陷阱，难怪美国人会时常感到困窘或把握不了细微的差异。
Unit10
1. Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.
人们知道麦拉德夫人患有心脏病，因此采取了极为谨慎、尽可能委婉的方式向她透露了她丈夫的死讯。
2. It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences, veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.
是她的姐姐约瑟芬吞吞吐吐、半遮半掩地把真相暗示给了她。
3. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful, less tender friend in bearing the sad message.
他又发了一封电报来确证这一事实，紧接着就匆忙赶来传达这一悲伤的消息，以免被哪个不够谨慎、不太温和的朋友抢了先。
4. She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.
她没有像许多女人听到同样的消息那样，无法接受而呆若木鸡。她立刻在姐姐的怀中哭了起来，哭得一发不可收拾。从强烈的悲痛中平静下来后，她走回自己的房间去了，不愿让任何人跟着。
5. She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.
房前空旷的广场上可以看得到树梢洋溢着春的生机。
6. She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.
她非常的年轻，娇美文静的脸上透露出一种坚强的自制力。但是现在她凝视着远处的一片蓝天，眼神茫然。这不是一种沉思着的眼神，而是显示出思维的停止。
7. Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will—as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.
现在她的内心忐忑不安，她开始意识到是什么在靠近并要控制她，她试图用意志将其击退——她的意志却像她纤巧的双手一样苍白无力。
8. She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her: A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.
她没有停下来问问自己占据内心的是否是一种巨大的快乐：清楚而兴奋的感受使她对这一微不足道的念头不予理会。
9. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.
人们总是执意认为他们有权将个人的意志强加给他人，以后不会再有任何强大的意志那样固执地让她屈从。
10. A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.
豁然明了的一霎那，在她看来，善意也好，恶意也好，都使这种行为看起来不亚于犯罪。
11.What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!
爱情这一人类不解的奥秘比起她此刻拥有的自信又算得了什么！她忽然意识到这种自信正是她生命最强大的动力。
12. Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission.
约瑟芬跪在紧闭的门前，嘴冲着锁孔，恳求让她进去。
13. she was drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window.
她正透过敞开的窗子吸取着琼汁玉液呢。
14. She arose at length and opened the door to her sister’s importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs.
在姐姐的一再恳求下她终于站了起来打开了门。她眼中有一股胜利的狂热，不知不觉中姿态就像一位胜利女神。她搂着姐姐的腰，一起走下楼梯。
15. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry, at R ichard’s quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.
他站在那儿惊讶地看着约瑟芬惊声尖叫，而里查德飞快地想挡住他以免让他妻子看见。
Unit 13
1. Unlike theists, I threaten no one with hellfire if they refuse to agree with every word I say; nor do I attempt to bribe them with tales of eternal bliss if only they accept my every syllable.
与有神论者不同，我不会用地狱之火威胁任何人，即使他们拒绝接受我所说的每个字；我也不会企图用永久的幸福之类的鬼话来贿赂他们。
2. And what I ask is merely that I be given a chance to express this rather modest and humble attitude without let or hindrance.
我只要求给我一个机会，谦逊而自由地表达见解。
3. Secondly, it is no defence of superstition and pseudo-science to say that it brings solace and comfort to people and that therefore we “elitists”should not claim to know better and to take it away from the less sophisticated.
其次，有人说迷信和伪科学给人们带来了安危，缓解了痛苦，这并不能为迷信和伪科学辩护。因此自认为杰出人物的我们不应该宣称知道得更多，从而剥夺人们纯洁的信仰。
4. To be sure, it is easy to see that all these things bring harm to their practitioners, but can it not be argued that if some people get pleasure out of a practice that does harm to them it is nevertheless their body, their choice, their health, and their life to do with as they wish?
诚然，所有这些都很容易给染上恶习的人们带来伤害，但是难道我们不可以就此质疑：人们从造成自身伤害的行为中得到快乐，真的如他们所认为的那样，只不过是他们自己的选择，仅与他们自身的身体健康、生命安全有关？
5. By and large, then, society demands that these harmful physical practices be controlled insofar as it can be done humanely.
总的说来，社会要求将这些有害的行为控制在人道的范围内。
Unit 14
1. No wonder, then, that designing, producing and marketing packages has grown into such an enterprise, a business of equal parts of art and artifice, science and deception
这就难怪既有其艺术性，又有其伪装性，既有其科学性，又有其欺骗性的包装行业的设计、生产和销售市场获得了蓬勃发展。
2. Market researcher Davis Masten says that the challenge of packaging is to create an identity to which the buyer aspires, not to reflect the buyer’s true identity.
市场调查员戴维斯·梅森指出，包装的挑战就是要创造一个购买者渴望拥有的形象，而不是去反映购买者的真实身份。
3. Yellow, when golden, connotes quality, but in its more garish shades evokes the cut-rate, not always an undesirable effect.
黄色，当其色调为金色时暗示着高质量，而如果色调过于艳丽则会令人想到廉价货，有时反而也会有一种意想不到的效果。
英语长难句理解
英语学习中，特别是阅读理解中，“长难句”最麻烦。今天小编和同学们分享通过分析英语句子中的重要特点“三长两短一并列”，江湖人称“括号法”，帮助同学们轻松解决长难句问题！ 01 什么是“三长两短一并列” 我们先来看两句话： ①我是李辉。(I am Li Hui.) ②我爱你。(I love you. ) 这两句话中只有"主干成分"而没有"修饰成分"。像这样的句子，中文和英文的"语序"(单词排列顺序)基本是一致的，都是"主-系-表"或者"主-谓-宾"，理解起来非常容易。 然而，加上修饰成分后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生变化。来看两个例子： ①我是中国的李辉。(I am Li Hui from China.) ②我全心全意地爱你。(I love you with all my heart.) 从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。 例如：
After chatting with Laura on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon, I returned to my office. 这个句子中含有大量的"介词短语"这种修饰成分。我们给这个句子中的全部介词短语加上括号，该句就会变成： (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00) (to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office). 此时大家便可发现，这个句子虽然很长，但是真正的主干其实只有I returned两个单词而已。可见，介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！ 当然，以上几个句子还比较简单（少量介词短语对句意理解的影响不大），但是，当句子中出现更多类似介词短语的修饰成分时，可想而知，由于中英文语序的不同，英文句子会变得"面目全非"，令人难以理解。由此看来，英语中灵活多变的修饰成分正是造成英语句子又长又难的头号罪犯，只要搞定这些修饰部分，就能搞定英语长难句。 幸运的是，尽管这些修饰成分数量很多、位置也不好把握，但是，它们的种类却是非常固定的。小编将这些修饰成分总结为"三长两短"。所谓"三长"，就是构成长难句的三种较长修饰成分(即介词短语、从句、非谓语动词短语)；所谓"两短"，指的是镶嵌于句子之中的、会稍稍提高句子复杂度的两种较短修饰成分(即形容词、副词)。而除了"三长两短"之外，另外一个使句子变得复杂的结构就是"平行并列结构"。"平行并列结构"是由一些并列关系的连词(and、or、as well as等)将句子变长的重要手段。
(完整word版)长难句分析1-15
长难句分析 1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined … that…, and that …。这是典型的 句型it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause。it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and 连接。operation 此处不能译 成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的processes 要译成“思维过程”，而不能简单地理解成“过程”。 译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认 为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 要点：句子的框架是whether …or… often depends on …。whether … or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语，financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”；介词结构of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语theissue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从句。 译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还 是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量 3 how well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 要点：句子的框架是how … depends on … and on … 。句子的主语由how 引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。 译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智 4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 要点：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … 。主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。在 第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general 作后置定语修饰the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组 appropriate … to … of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the research
英语长难句70句分析
如何掌握长难句 复杂长句是考研阅读理解短文的最显著特点之一，是文章语言难度所在，也是命题者常常出题之处。因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力，对于考研阅读理解至关重要。复杂长句典型的特点是，多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长的句子中，使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准确意义的理解困难。 对于复杂长句，不管其结构多么复杂多变、盘根错节，只要把握住句子结构的主脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，再根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难理解，考生在平时阅读时应多加练习。 下面分8类总结了最典型的70句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能将其中英文全部背熟，长难句肯定过关。 第一节比较结构 1.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 【参考译文】现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术---这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。 2.I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctr ine of “juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status． 【参考译文】或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后—样，我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 3.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 【参考译文】在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的---那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后---现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约生活的原因就多种多样了。
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析整理版
高考英语阅读理解长难句解析 第一部分：高中英语长难句解析 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解，命题者在句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目的。下面我们来了解长难句最常见的形式。一、复合从句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构(如: I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系，这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。 这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 二、分隔结构 为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。 三、成分省略 在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。 例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。
高中英语长难句分析方法.doc
高中英语长难句分析方法 一、长难句的分类 1、带有较多成分的简单句。如： Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。 2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如： In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he. Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。 3、含有多个从句的复合句。如： I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our children may have to lead poorer lives.我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。 在possibility后由that引导的同位语从句中还含有一并列结构的时间状语从句：as…resources. However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate with the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them. 然而，我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家长们都知道，这样的机会少得可怜；我们也知道，许多文科毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。本句的主谓语是：those of us know。know有两个由that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个省略了know。在主句中还有一个定语从句修饰those of us，在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位语从句修饰belief。 4、含有多个插入成分的句子。如： His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地） enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.
长难句分析
. ;.. 阅读技能训练-- 长难句分析 S t r at egies o f S en t en ces A n aly sin g 编写人：李荣荣 教师寄语：The most glorious moments in your lif e are not the so-called days of success,but rather those days w hen out of deject ion and despai r you f eel ri se in you a chal lenge t o li fe,and the promise of future accomplishment.(Gustave Flauvert,French writer)人的一生中，最为辉煌的一 天并不是功成名就的那些天，而是从悲叹与绝望中产生对人生的挑战和未来的辉煌的期盼的 那些日子。（法国作家福楼拜G） 高考导航： 在阅读理解中，考生经常碰到许多结构复杂的句子，也就是所谓的长难句。命题者在句子理 解难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来干扰考生正常的阅读习惯 和思维方式，从而达到考察考生综合阅读能力的目的。长难句在阅读理解中容易给考生造成 阅读障碍，形成心理压力，使考生失分。 高考对接： (2016全国I，B）1）"In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own," says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. "We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you‘re raising children.” 27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A. They were unsure of themselves B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. (2016全国I，C）2）She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. 31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first? A. To London. B. To Newark. C. To Providence. D. To Washington. (2016全国I，D）3）Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, whena person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought? A.The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. (2016全国I，D）4）Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence? A.Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 高考指南：句子过长或者句式复杂的主要原因是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分， 如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。这些附属成分常有 逗号或分隔符号与句子隔开，且插在一个句子中间，使本来完整的句子被断开，因而增加
英语长难句理解与分析
英语长难句理解与分析 英语长难句理解与分析 一．长难句的结构特点 根据高考阅读理解命题趋势，高考阅读文章具有以下特点： 1. 体裁更加丰富，题材更趋多样化； ２．更加注重深层信息理解水平的考查； ３．更加注重对综合素质的考查； ４．语篇结构较为复杂，长难句有所增加； ５．阅读材料“原汁原味”，提问更加深入； ６．阅读速度要求进一步提升。 “原汁原味”意味着理解难度的增大，而阅读速度的要求却是越来越高，所以学生没有一定的相关技能技巧是不可能在二轮复习中取得进步有所突破的。那么如何除掉阅读中的“拦路虎”，首当其冲是要掌握其结构特点。 1. 含多个并列结构 以2002年高考中最长的句子为例：He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see that connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.（65 words）实际上全句就由一个主句He found that…和两个并列句and…,but..组成，仅仅每个句中都有一个宾语从句，最后的but 并列句中还包含了一个由until 引导的状语从句（直到有一天他在阿帕斯尔公园碰巧看见两个石制的十字架，他才懂得在1773年，修建这两个十字架是为了向她表示敬意。） As with sports teams, group work can only be successful when group members respect, help and support each other, while the work division is clear and each member performs at the right level in the role that is most suitable to him or her. (Unit11) 正如运动员一样，小组活动只有在组员们相互尊敬，相互协助和相互支持的情况下才能取得成功；与此同时分工要明确，而且每个成员都要能在他们最合适的角色上发挥出正常的水平。 2．含强调结构. 在人教版高三14单元有这样一个句子：Among the different kinds of bees, it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “language” that they use to communicate with each other.(Unit14)该句用逗号将用作状语的介词短语提前，再用强调结构”It is…that…”强调主句的主语the honey-bee,最后加长句子的关键是状语中包含了一个由that引导的定语从句。译文为：在各种不同种类的蜂中，蜜蜂因其在彼此之间实行沟通所用的“语言”而最使科学家们赶兴趣。 3．含多个从句
高中英语阅读英语长难句分析方法
高中英语阅读英语长难句分析方法 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 一、长难句的分类 1、带有较多成分的简单句。如： Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。 2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如： In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he. Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。 3、含有多个从句的复合句。如： I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our
高中长难句分析
阅读理解得分低，往往是因为文章看不懂，文章中的句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。 如何处理长难句？ 1 找谓语，找定语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。如： People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 【分析】that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 2 提主干，去枝叶
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex 作economists的定语;from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定语;a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语;charting ... 作project 的定语;who引导定语从句修饰teenagers。 3 寻关联，辩逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意
(新)高考阅读理解中对长难句的理解
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英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法；英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句；那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢；1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语；3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、；4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等；依照上面四个结构分析步骤， 英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。 那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住： 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构； 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词； 3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系； 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。 例句：，whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid，whenI例句分析： 第一，拆分句子。 这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“InAfricaImetaboy”②“whowascryinga sifhisheartwouldb reak”、③“whenIspoketohim，thathewashungrybecau se”、④“hehadhadnofoodfortwodays”. 第二，句子的结构分析。 (1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“Imetaboy”； (2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“asifhisheartwouldbreak”； (3)“whenIspoketohim”是介于“said”和“thathewashungrybecaus e”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。 “cryingasifhisheartwouldbreak”应译为哭得伤心极了。 参考译文： 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。
高中英语经典长难句分析总结
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