国际商务礼仪期末论文要求-论文1-范文
Assignment 1
A Brief Introduction to Germany
Li Si
Students No. 2011192131
Major: Telecommunications
Mobile phone:131********
Overview
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of
Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland),
is situated in north-central Europe with a largely
temperate seasonal climate. Covering an area of
137,879 square miles (357,104 square kilometers)
as the largest country in Continental Europe,
Germany is blessed with superior geographical
conditions: neighboring 9 countries, bordering
Baltic Sea, encompassing a well-developed river
network and various landscapes. Its largest city and
capital Berlin is a world-renowned transport hub
and an attractive metropolis. Endowed by nature
and history, Germany has grown into a major
political, economic and cultural power as well as a
technological leader in Europe.
Source 1:
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/582243914.html,/EBchecked/topic/2311
86/Germany
大英在线百科全书“Germany”词条
History Briefing
North of Alps, the region inhabited by several Germanic-speaking tribes was named Germania thousands of years ago. In the 10th century, Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation rose in this territory which had been extended and consolidated for
centuries. Under the rule of monarchy, German communities remained diverse in their ethnicities, dialects, cultures and religions. During the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation in the North came to split with the Roman Catholic denominations and led
to the Thirty Years' War. As a result, the Empire had been badly divided since then.
After the Napoleonic Wars, German Confederation, a de facto loose league of 39 sovereign states, was founded in 1814. One of the powerful states Prussia eventually united other scattered parts of Germany and excluded its fiercest adversary Austria in 1871. From then on, Germany was involved in industrialization and pursued an imperialistic course.
Following the unification, Germany had undergone phoenix-like development. However, in World War I, German was defeated as the leader of the Central Powers by the Allies. The Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and was imposed
to sign the Versailles Treaty. Amidst the Great Depression in the 1930s, the Third Reich was proclaimed. Latter period was marked by Nazism and the World War II until the surrender in 1945. Germany was then partitioned by allied occupation and later evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany, influenced by Russia and United States respectively.
Two world wars did not stop Germany from regaining its position in the postwar boom.
It became a founding member of the European Community in 1957, which later developed into the European Union in 1993. Germany was reunified right after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1990, forming the Federal Republic of Germany
till present. Nowadays, the country has the world's fourth largest economy by nominal GDP and the fifth largest by purchasing power parity. Additionally, it is the second largest exporter and third largest importer of goods.
Source2：
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/582243914.html,/wiki/Germany
（维基百科“Germany”词条）
Political System
Federal Republic of Germany adopts a tripartite political system, namely the separation
of legislative, administrative and judicial powers for checks and balances.
According to the German order of precedence, the nominal head of Germany is the president elected by the Bundesversammlung (federal convention). Bundesversammlung is an institution made up of the members of the Bundestag and an equal number of delegates from 16 constituent states. The second-highest official is the Bundestagspr?sident (President of the Bundestag), who is elected by the Bundestag to oversee the daily operation of the body. Bundespr?sident is also responsible for the
appointment of Chancellor, the third-highest official and the head of government. The current Chancellor Angela Dorothea Merkel is Germany's first woman Chancellor. The political party system of Germany has been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party of Germany since 1949. Every chancellor so far has been a member of one of the two parties. However, other smaller parties such as Free Democratic Party and the Alliance '90 (The Greens) also play important parts on political arena.
Source3：
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/582243914.html,/wiki/Germany
（维基百科“Germany”词条）
Demographics, Language and Religions
According to Britannica statistics in 2012, Germany
has a population of 81.6million, 84.1% of which are
urban dwellers. The United Nations Population Fund
also lists Germany as the third biggest migrant
destination around the world. Therefore, it enjoys a
rich ethnic makeup. As the pie chart shows, Ethnic
German account for over 80 percent of population.
European migrants are the largest among minority
groups.
German is the only official language in Germany. It is
also one of the official languages in European
Commission. Standard German is a West Germanic
language derived from the Indo-European language
family. Significant minorities of Germanic words originate from Latin and Greek, with a smaller amount from French and modern English. Other regional or minority languages are protected by the European Charter. The most used immigrant languages are Turkish, Kurdish, Polish, the Balkan languages, and Russian. 67% of German citizens claim to be able to communicate in at least one foreign language and 27% in at least two.
The largest religion in Germany is Christianity, with around 51.5 million followers (62.8%) in 2008. 30.0% of Germans are Catholics among the whole population while 29.9% are Protestants; the remaining Christians belong to smaller denominations. After Christianity, Islam is the second largest religion there, with approximately 3.8 to 4.3 million followers (4.6% to 5.2%).
Source 4：
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/582243914.html,/wiki/Germany
（维基百科“Germany”词条）
Cultures and Customs
Germany has been crowned as Das Land der Dichter und Denker ("the land of poets and thinkers") in history. It is home to a constellation of international personages in many fields. Big names like Ludwig van Beethoven, Albrecht Dürer, Albert Einstein, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Karl Heinrich Marx are all of Germanic origin, leaving abundant legacy to the world.
Germany is the birthplace of many influential customs - from Christmas trees to mountain yodeling. There are also a wide variety of local events and festivals in Germany: Berlin Film Festival, Mainz Carnival, Christopher Street Day, Munich Beer Festival and so on. Such highlights make Germany a magnet for tourists around the world.
In modern Germany, one aspect of German culture that may surprise visitors is people’s value on leisure and work. Most shops there open between 9am and 10am so that people can finish their breakfast before work. Businesses usually close for an hour or two at lunch and families are able to eat together at noon. On Saturday businesses and shops only open in the morning and on Sunday almost everything is closed. The length of leisured hours is strictly protected by Labor laws. Paradoxically, German people are famous for their disciplined and precise manner at work.
Source 5 and 6
eHow网站German Customs&Culture一文，
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/582243914.html,/about_6513455_german-customs-culture.html
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