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初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)

初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)
初中英语语法八大时态总结(完整版)

初中英语语法八大时态

一.一般现在时

1. 结构

肯定句式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他

否定句式:主语+ (助动词)don't/doesn't + 动词原形+其他

一般疑问句式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他

简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not

缩写形式:don't = do not does n't = does not

例句:He often goes swimming in summer.

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

1)表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频度的副词连用。

常用的频度副词有:always、often、usually 、seldom、never、sometimes, every week(day, year, mon th…),once a week, on Sun days.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前,系动词、助动词之后。例女口: He often goes swimming in summer.

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.

2)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

例如:All my family love football .

My sister is always ready to help others .

Ann writes good En glish but does not speak well.

3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。

例如:The earth moves around the sun.

Shan ghai lies in the east of China.

4)表示按计划或安排好的,或将要发生的动作,可用一般现在时表将来。

但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place 等。

例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.

He comes back toni ght.

5)在复合句中,当主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

例如:ril tell him the n ews whe n he comes back.

If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.

1. 结构

肯定句式:主语+动词过去式+其他

否定句式:主语+ (助动词)didn '+动词原形+其他一般疑问句式:Did+主语+动词原形+其他

行为动词didn 't+do(动词原形)Did+主语+do (动词原形)

2. 用法

1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week (year, ni ght, month …),at the age of 5, one day, once upon a time 等连用

例如:Where did you go just now?

After a few years, she started to play the pia no.

2)表示在过去,经常或反复发生的动作。常与ofte n,always等表示频度的副词连用。

例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

3)—般过去式也可与today,this week,this mon th,this year 等表现在的时间状语连用,但这些

时间状语须指过去的时间,决不包含现在”此时此刻”的意思。

例如:Did you see him today? 今天你看见他了吗?

般将来时

1. 结构

结构1:

肯定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+其他

否定句式:主语+助动词will+动词原形+not+其他

一般疑问句式:助动词Will+主语+动词原形+其他

简单回答:在口语中,will在名词或代词后常缩为',wii not常简缩为won't

在疑问句中,主语为第一人称时(I和we)时,常用助动词shall 例如:She'llgo to play basketball.

Shall we go to the zoo?

结构2:

肯定句式:主语+be goi ng to +动词原形+其他

否定句式:主语+be n ot goi ng to + 动词原形+其他

一般疑问句式:Be+主语+go ing to+动词原形+其他

简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+be (否)No,主语+be not

2. 用法

1) 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与tomorrow, next day(week, mo nth, year…), soon, in a few minu tes, by …,the day after tomorrow 等连用。例如:ril meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

2) 、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测,通常用于be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know,

think等后面的从句或与副词perhaps,possibly,maybe 等连用。

例如:I think she 'llgo back home for supper.

Maybe she 'llgo to the gym.

将来时其他表示法

1)b e going to 表示将来

表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情例如:What are you going to do

tomorrow?

The play is going to be produced n ext month

注意:be going to 和will之间的区别。

在时间上:be going to通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情;而will不指明任何具体时间,可以指遥远的未来。

He is going to be better.

He will be better.

计划/临时:两者都表示意图时,be going to 含有预先计划、准备的意思;will则指未经过预先思考或计划,是临时的一种决定。

—What are you going to do n ext Sun day?

—rm going to go fish ing.

—Where is the teleph one book?

—ril go and get it for you.

两者都用于预测时,be going to意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生,属客观的推测;will则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生,属主观的推测。

在条件状语从句中,be going to 表将来,will 表意愿。

例如:If you are going to makea journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Miss Gao will tell you the an swer if you ask her.

2)be to+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。

例如:We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

3)be about to + 动词原形,意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的

时间状语连用,多于when引导的时间状语连用。

例如:He is about to leave for Beijing.

1. 结构:

am/is/are+动词的现在分词

2. 用法:

1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作。常与now, right now, at this moment, at

this time, these days 等时间状语连用。注:如果句首有警示性动词look、listen 等,主句的动

词也与现在进行时连用。

例如:We are waiting for you now.

Listen! The bird is singing in the tree.

2).表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内),一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。

例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写

作的状态。)

He is thi nking about this problem. 这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。

3).表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,往往

带有说话人的主观色彩。

例如: You are always changing your mind.

4)

.表示尚未完成的渐变过程,这样的动词有:

get, grow, become, turn, ru n, go, beg in 例如:The leaves are turning red.

It's gett ing warmer and warmer.

5)

、表示移位的动词,如 go,come,leave,start,arrive

等,其现在进行时可表将来。 例如:rm leaving tomorrow.

明天我要走了。 The train is arrivi ng soon.

火车要至 U 了。

五. 现在完成时

1. 结构:

肯定句:主语+助动词have (has ) +动词过去分词-ed

否定句:主语+助动词have (has ) +not(haven ',hasn ')+动词过去分词-ed 一般疑问句:Have(Has)+主语+动词过去分词-ed+ ?

特殊疑问句:疑问词+have(has)+主语+动词过去分词-ed+ ?

含义:现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是 说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。

1) 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately 等 Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生冈H 从美国回来。

I haven ' t seen much of him recently (lately).

We have see n that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet?

现在完成时中的时间状语:

★ already 通常用于肯定句中,意为一已经,位于行为动词之前

,be 动词、助动词之后。有时可放在 疑问句句尾,表示惊讶。

例如: We have already cleaned the classroom.

Have you fini shed it already ?

★ yet 用于疑问句中表示一已经;用于否定句中,表示还

(没)。

等。

例如:一Has he found his watch yet ?他还没找到他的表吗?

—No, not yet. 是,还没有。

★ ever 意为曾经,常用于疑问句或否定句中,位于助动词和过去分词之间,表示从过去到目前为止 的时间。

例如:Have you ever been there ?你曾经去过那里吗?

Nothi ng has ever happe ned here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。

★ never 意为(曾经)从未、没有,是否定副词,在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。

ever 与否定词 not 连用相当于never 。例如:

I haven ' t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her.

我从未跟她讲过话。 ★ just 意为一刚刚,用于现在完成时,表示行为刚刚过去,位于助动词与过去分词之间。 e.g. He has just come back from school.

他刚从学校回来。 ★ just now 意为一刚才,表示过去某时,用于一般过去时,位于句首或句尾均可。

e.g. He came from school just now. 他刚才从学校回来。 ★ for 和since 的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用,since 与时间点连用。注意:since 后接过去 时的时间状语或过去时的句子。

e.g. I have bee n to Shan ghai twice since 1970.

I haven ' t seen her since she left Shanghai.

I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never see n her.

★ have/has gone to 、have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别。

have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来

have/ has been to 曾经去过,人已经回来了

have/ has been in 已经在,常与一段时间连用 e.g. She has bee n to Sha nghai before. 她以前曾去过上海。

She has bee n in Sha nghai for ten years.

她在上海 10 年了。 Has he go ne to Qin gdao? 他去青岛了吗?但不能说 Have you gone to Qin gdao?

2)、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有 for 或since 等表示一段时 间的状语。

如:Mr Wang has lived here si nee 1983.

I haven ' t seen much of him recently (lately ).

We have see n that film before.

Have they found the missing child yet?

3)、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:

come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at

ope n --- be ope n close ——be closed put on --- wear

leave — be away (from) fall asleep ——be asleep catch a cold ——have a cold join the army ---- be in the army, be a soldier

Jim has had this pen for two years.

Jim has had this pen since two years ago.

Jim has had this pen since 2007

die --- be dead

become ---be

borrow --- keep buy --- have beg in / start ——be on end/finish be over

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