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2018考研英语阅读解题方法全面解析

2018考研英语阅读解题方法全面解析
2018考研英语阅读解题方法全面解析

2018考研英语阅读解题方法全面解析考研英语阅读到底该如何取胜?如何才能克服英语难关?下面一些经验和做题方法自认为不错,2018考研英语阅读解解题方法全解析,分享共勉。

先来说说考研英语和大学四六级那点事

许多应届的同学都没有考研经历,但大家一定熟悉大学英语四六级考试,所以,我们从熟悉到陌生说开去。在我的母校华科,英语四六级的高手很多,但我的朋友中有一位英语四六级高手却在考研英语上遭遇了滑铁卢。事实证明,英语四六级与考研英语没有什么必然联系,当然也不存在谁难谁易的问题,因为它们考察的重点有着本质的区别。四六级考察英语能力而考研阅读确侧重于考察逻辑。很多朋友有这样一个感受,考四六级找到答案就能对,但考研找到了也未必能对,更夸张的说法是都翻译成中文了也做不对,真有点高考科技文阅读的味道,选项中有太多的干扰元素。这是基于考研的选拔性而定的,对于研究生而言,英语的主要目的是做学术研究看论文,而看论文尤其是理工科专业需要有良好的逻辑思维能力来分解出文章结构,理解文章主旨等。基于以上分析,面对考研阅读,我们不能因为考四六级考试时高歌猛进而懈怠考研英语,我们也无需因为英语四六级考试的失利而背负巨大的心理阴影,相信只要付出就会有收获,考研英语一切从头开始!

考研英语阅读思维探究

大家应该都很熟悉考研阅读的全部来自英文五大报刊(Time、The Economist、Newsweek、Science、U.S.News&World Report)。星火英语每年会专门出一本《考研英语五大题源报刊阅读150篇》的阅读资料,如果时间充足可以花时间看看,也许考研过程中能碰到原文。在这里提及出处是为了强调阅读选文的作者来自欧美,文章的思

维都是美式思维,故而我们需要培养自己的美式思维才能很好的理解文章,这就需要简单介绍下东西方的差异:

差异1:东方文化求同;西方文化求异

西方人更注重个性,喜欢追求新颖的观点,也许这种新奇的观点特别的荒谬,但西方人愿意花心思来证明自己的观点,也许这种证明很荒谬,但在他们的文化中,这就是主流文化。在东方文化中,我们讲大局与传统,另类的东西往往受到排斥,所以一些非主流往往遭到大家的抵触。因而我们在考研阅读中碰到怪异的主题和荒诞的观点,大家不要先入为主的排斥,作者的观点应被临时当作"真理",大家也做做非主流吧。

差异2:西方文化逻辑思维;东方文化跳跃思维

在考研阅读开始,我们要强调一种严谨的思维方式,这种思维方式不同于中国文章的意识流,也不同于散文的形散神不散。西方思维必会保持文章形体的逻辑性,每句与上下文都会存在逻辑上的联系,或总分、或主次、或并列。近年考研阅读多为议论文,一些常用的论证方式大家也需了然于胸。于是在我们的考试中,碰到需要结合上下文的问题,就需通过这种逻辑迅速做出判断,也许有人认为做这种判断多此一举,但在实战中逻辑确实对答题有很大的帮助。这里以一道历年考研真题为例:问文中一段提到印度富人的某问题的一个例子为了说明什么?例子句式复杂,看了许久还是很费解,但通过逻辑判断可得例子是为了例证上文中的一个观点。于是令人费解的例子不用看,直接定位观点,答案得出,节省了时间,也可提升正确率。

差异3:西方文化客观;东方文化主观

重理求真和重智求善分别是西方文化和东方文化的本质追求。西方文化强调没有主观介入之前的物性本原,而东方文化则侧重经过主观梳理的客观事物的表现,这是东西方对于事物认识的差异。我们阅读英文的时候最好先把脑袋清空,因为咱们东方人会不自觉的将生活中的经验和一些常识加入到文章中成为作者的观点。其实干扰答案的拟定经常会以此为依据,混淆概念。不注意这点就会很轻易的掉入到出题人设计的陷阱之中。这种陷阱往往会出现在同义句替换的问题中。

认识了以上东西方思维差异,还需要到练习中来细细体会,结合具体历年真题将这种美式思维内化,真正能够理解作者的意图。由于出题人的陷阱多是依据这种差异来布置,故而只有掌握这种差异性才能探明陷阱,顺利过关。这种适应是个漫长的过程,在不断的改错中重新认识和巩固。

考研英语阅读技巧

其实考研阅读的技巧是有针对性的,看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架,具体的问题我们可以不管,但文章的层次必须弄清楚。只有弄清了文章的层次,具体的问题才好归类,结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。另外我发现考研的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上,细枝末节上基本没有涉题,于是就会发现,原文几百字的文章,真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已,其余的东西都可省。当我们划去冗余,就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。可见,对于考研阅读,若要高效正确的征服,必须学会快速分析文章的主干。这就是基于逻辑的阅读,上升到理论层面的阅读模式。用在本科毕业设计中看论文很受用,效率很高,速度也很快,再不像以往看文章从头到尾还是云里雾里。下面进行具体分析:

(一)主旨

在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次,个人以为要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落内部的次中心,这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。当然也有非常规的情况,这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。找主旨需要慢慢训练,常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析,这样能力就能够很快地提升。

(二)常规文章行文逻辑

本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑,那么,一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结,大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容,阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读,辨明逻辑主线,在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上,会有很好的效果。也许,在做考研阅读之初,很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面,出现这种情况,并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知,而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。现在将框架简单介绍如下:

框架1:提出问题--分析问题--解决问题

框架2:叙述现象--分析现象--结论

框架3:提出观点--支持or反驳该观点--重申观点

框架4:两种东西对比--分项对比--总体对照

在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析,弄清逻辑,以上列出的是主干,还需进一步分析到枝叶,这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。到段落级别,文章中心也容易辨出,多数文章中心在首末,少数会出现在段中。于是在理解阅读文章的时候,在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句,观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。一般情况,

较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案,当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。

(三)暗含答案的重点位置

所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方,也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。在考研阅读中,出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方,常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心,考研文章一般不会考察。这是研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽,但对于微观题,我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节:

1.所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。

2.转折和因果。在阅读中,最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来,因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度,相对一般句子更有强调性。例如:because,for,but,however...

3.表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现,当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点,但值得一读。阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情,所以平时应做好积累。例如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,according to,find,think,believe,show,point out,content,acclaim,say等

4.特殊标点符号,有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等,均有或强或弱的强调意味,主要的特殊标点符号有:--、()、""等。

5.情态动词。should,must都能表达作者感情的因素,能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点,理应重点阅读。

6.特殊句型。例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety,......,Significantly,......副词在句中起着很大作用,能反映态度,能表程度,这种特殊句型更有强调的成分,值得多阅读分析。

7.有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等

上面列举的一些重点特征很多,无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。阅读文章的时候,仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。阅读时快速画出重点,仅阅读含有重点特征的句子,对文章进行"减肥",以提高阅读效率。

(四)选项特点

1.正确答案的特点

(1)与原文句子同义词替换。

(2)相对原文语法变化,如原文中的被动变为主动。

(3)正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式,从正面叙述,答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。

(4)AB角度,原文从A角度叙述某事,而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情,本质不变。

(5)具体抽象,即原文具体事例,答案变为抽象概括,或反之。

2.干扰选项的特点

(1)照抄原文,个别词语不同。

(2)一半信息符合原文,一半信息不符。

(3)将原文某些信息张冠李戴。

(4)与原文叙述的内容相反。

(5)与原文中没有出现观点新信息。

(6)含有绝对化的词语,如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere,everybody,nobody。

(7)逻辑错误,因果颠倒等。

最后,提醒大家:要做好考研英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上,从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上,试题上最好不要标注答案,以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步,看到自己的不足。

2018考研学子想要了解更多考研资讯、复习资料与备考经验,可以搜索文都网校进入考研频道,查看2018考研辅导课程,咨询专业老师考研相关内容。

考研不是你一个人在战斗,漫漫考研路上,文都网校考研老师会一直陪伴在同学们左右。祝2018考研学子备考顺利,考研成功!

2018考研英语一答案

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解 注意:英语试卷为花卷,以答案内容进行核对 整理:凯程中传果酱老师 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】[B]for 【解析】此处考察介词的用法。it’s a necessary condition____many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说,信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。B选项for(对...来说)符合语义,故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于),C选项like(像...),D选项on(关于)语义不恰当,故排除。 2、【答案】[C]faith 【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。第一段首句提出主题句:trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明:On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition___for___many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子,友谊等),这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand,putting your___in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面,把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...),显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”,只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现,故正确答案为[C]faith。 3、【答案】[B]price 【解析】此处考察词义辨析。第一段首句提出主题句:trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明:On the one hand,it’s a necessary condition__for__many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.(一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件,比如照看孩子,友谊等),这句话在说信任的好处。On the other hand, putting your___in the wrong place often carries a high____.(另一方面,把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...),显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”,并且根据空格所在句中的关键词“wrong place”,本句应该在说信任不当的弊端,所以空格处应该填入一个负向感情色彩的词,故A选项benefit和D选项hope排除,而C选项debt(债务)带入之后语义不当,故正确答案为[B]price(代价)。

考研英语阅读理解试题解题方法及步骤

考研英语阅读理解试题解题方法及步骤 考研可以说是人生的一个转折驿站,一次改变命运的艰辛历练。作为考研路上的重要科目--英语,也成为不少考生脚下的牵绊石,而占分数比重的阅读理解,自然也是考试中的重头戏,能否巧妙的用对技巧,灵活应答,成为考生研路中的棘手问题,下面我们就层层推进,分析一下阅读的方法技巧和步骤攻略,揭开这层久未露面的神秘面纱。 一、阅读方法 阅读文章基本方法有3种,一是略读,二是精读,三是寻读。略读是一种快速阅读方法,在非常短的时间内浏览全文获得文章的中心思想和主要事实。精读则是仔细阅读每句话,理解分析其含义,弄清句与句之间的逻辑关系,进而理解整个段落的意思。而寻读则是通过目光扫视,迅速确定你所期望得到的信息的位置。考试中3种基本方法可以用在不同的情况。通过略读,我们可以了解材料的结构安排和主要信息,利用精读我们可以针对考题中的某些信息或难点做具体细致的解析,而寻读则在解题过程中起着一个定位的作用。 二、阅读步骤 第一步:略读短文把握方向 用尽量短的时间扫视短文,特别留意每段的第一句和末段的最后一句。因为各段的主题句往往在句首,而文章的最后一句很可能是概括总结。略读的目的是掌握短文的主旨大意,做到对全文的内容心中大致有数,有一个思考的方向。 第二步:浏览问题有的放矢 浏览5个问题,揣测出题者出此题的目的并侧重阅读短文相关部分。由于对所问问题及文章主旨都已了解,在阅读时自然会知道哪些地方得细读哪些地方可一带而过甚至跳过不读。所有问题都是根据文章内容提出的,基本反映并覆盖了文章的主要内容。先阅读问题再阅读全文,这种方法的优点是:可在较短的时间内有针对性地阅读相关内容,便于给相关问题定位,有的放矢,事半功倍。 第三步:分析判断确定答案 在完成上面两步的基础上,对5个问题逐一解答。需要注意的是:要是文章内容涉及自己熟悉的题材和知识范畴,在选项时绝对不能单凭自己的主观判断解决问题。因为文章考的是你对该篇的阅读理解能力,而不是你的某种知识,因此选项不能脱离文章的题意。 对于英语水平相对较低,阅读速度较慢的考生来说,我们建议不妨直接从第二步开始:先浏览所有5道题的题目,对文章所涉及的内容有个粗略的估计或了解,然后逐一解答。先寻读文章的相关部分,然后选择正确答案。如遇到有关文章主旨大意或需要推理的题,可先放一放,等做完其他题再做这类题。先难后易,各个击破。 另外,在阅读过程中,不妨在自己认为比较重要的某些句子或词语(主题句,关键词)下面划线,标上符号,这样有助于突出重点,活跃思维,同时也便于阅读,节省时间,使阅

2018考研英语阅读解题思路:细节题_毙考题

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考研英语阅读各题型解题技巧分析

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考研英语阅读各题型解题技巧分析 态度题是考研英语阅读理解中的必考题型,在20道选择题中大约要占到10%-15%的比重,也是同学们得分率较低的一个题型,在做题时往往抓不住文中的关键信息来判断作者或是其他相关人士的态度。本文就来谈谈如何应对考研英语阅读理解中的态度题目。 首先,我们来看一下态度题目题干中的标志性词。当我们在题干中看到attitude,believe, agree等词时就可以判定其为态度题了,选项中表示态度的单词常见的有:表示积极的态度:supportive、optimistic、consent、approval 表示消极的态度:indifferent、indignant、contempt、bias、pessimistic、skeptical、resent、suspicion、opposition 表示客观中立的态度:detached、reserved、objective、concerned、imparti al 此外,根据题干中态度主体的不同,分为作者态度题和他人态度题。在阅读题干和返回原文时,我们要注意态度的主体、态度的对象和态度的表达方式。即这道题是说谁的态度,关于哪一个话题、在文章中是怎样表现的。那么针对此类题,我们该如何解答呢?1.确定题干中态度的主体和对象;2、返回原文寻找包含主体和对象的句子;3.将原文中的态度词与选项进行比较,意思接近的为正确答案。 下面我们通过2000年考研阅读真题的第一篇文章来讲解一下这类题型的解题技巧。这篇文章主要讲了美国经济在不同时期的状况以及人们对经济发展不同的态度。以54题为例进行讲解。 54.The author seems tobelieve the revival ofthe U.S. eco nomy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________. [A] turning of the businesscycle [B] restructuring of industry [C] improved business management [D] success in education 从题干的believe一词我们可以判定这是一道态度题,另外,题干中提到具体定位信息,the revivalof the U.S.economyin the 1990s,所以需要我们根据选项中的内容返回原文进行查找。来源为第四自然段第二句话。Few Americansattribute this solely to such obvious causesas a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Few表示否定的概念,表示几乎没有人把美国经济的稳定增长单纯归因于美元贬值或是商业周期循环这些显而易见的原因,而这恰恰是美国经济复苏的原因所在。后面作者又提到自我怀疑被盲目自大所替代。下面几个人的说法(Richard, Stephen)正是盲目自大的具体表现。可见作者是不支持这种blindpride的说法。B是Richard的观点,C是Stephen和William的观点。D没有提到。正确选项为A。 通过以上题目的讲解,相信大家对考研英语阅读理解中态度题的做题方法有了更深的认识和把握。在今后阅读中遇到态度的问题时,一定要看清问的是谁的关于什么问题的态度,

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析

2018年可锐考研英语阅读真题解析(一) 一、从鸡蛋中培养流感疫菌 Modern technology has put men on the moon and deciphered the human genome. But when it comes to brewing up flu to make vaccines, science still turns to the incredible edible egg. Ever since the 1940s, vaccine makers have grown large batches of virus inside chicken eggs. But given that some 36,000 Americans die of flu each year, it’s remarkable that our first line of defense is still what Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy Thompson calls “the cumbersome and archaic egg-based production.”New cell-based technologies are in the pipeline, however, and may finally get the support they need now that the United States is faced with a critical shortage of flu vaccine. Although experts disagree on whether new ways of producing vaccine could have prevented a shortage like the one happening today, there is no doubt that the existing system has serious flaws. Each year, vaccine manufacturers place advance orders for millions of specially grown chicken eggs. Meanwhile, public-health officials monitor circulating strains of flu, and each March they recommend three strains—two influenza A strains and one B strain—for manufacturers to include in vaccines. In the late spring and summer, automated machines inject virus into eggs and later suck out the influenza-rich goop. Virus from the eggs’innards gets killed and processed to remove egg proteins and other contaminants before being packaged into vials for fall shipment. Why has this egg method persisted for six decades? The main reason is that it’s reliable. But even though the eggs are reliable, they have serious drawbacks. One is the long lead time needed to order the eggs. That means it’s hard to make more vaccine in a hurry, in case of a shortage or unexpected outbreak. And eggs may simply be too cumbersome to keep up with the hundreds of millions of doses required to handle the demand for flu vaccine. What’s more, some flu strains don’t grow well in eggs. Last year, scientists were unable to include the Fujian strain in the vaccine formulation. It was a relatively new strain, and manufacturers simply couldn’t find a quick way to adapt it so that it grew well in eggs. “We knew the strain was out there,”recalls Theodore Eickhoff of the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, “but public-health officials were left without a vaccine—and, consequently, a more severe flu season.” Worse, the viruses that pose the greatest threat might be hardest to grow in eggs. That’s because global pandemics like the one that killed over 50 million people between 1918 and 1920 are thought to occur when a bird influenza changes in a way that lets it cross the species barrier and infect humans. Since humans haven’t encountered the new virus before, they have little protective immunity. The deadly bird flu circulating in Asia in 1997 and 1998, for example, worried public-health officials because it spread to some people who handled birds and killed them—although the bug never circulated among humans. But when scientists tried to make

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